L’associazione dell’esame clinico e dell’ecografia permette la diagnosi della maggior parte delle lesioni scrotali. Vedimomento che l’idrocele può essere associato a una neoplasia testicolare, un’ecografia dello scroto deve essere praticata per confermare l’assenza di alterazioni del testicolo. Fig. I.8.1.
Algoritmo della valutazione delle tumefazioni scrotali nell’adulto. L’ecografia scrotale è ormai disponibile e viene eseguita in numerosi centri, prima che il paziente sia esaminato in ambiente specialistico. Non ha sostituito un esame clinico accurato e il medico esperto può spesso gestire il paziente senza ricorrere all’ecografia. Adattata con autorizzazione di Mostofi e Sesterhenn (1998)
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Christakis DA, Harvey E, Zerr DM, Feudtner C, Wright JA, Connell FA (2000) A trade-off analysis of routine newborn circumcision. Pediatrics 105:246–249PubMedGoogle Scholar
Cold CJ, Taylor JR (1994) The prepuce. BJU Int [Suppl 1]:34–44Google Scholar
Cook LS, Koutsky LA, Holmes KK (1994) Circumcision and sexually transmitted diseases. Am J Public Health 84:197–201PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowley JP, Kesner KM (1990) Ritual circumcision (Umkwetha) among the Xhosa of the Ciskei. Br J Urol 66:318–321PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuckow PM, Rix G, Mouriquand PD (1994) Preputial plasty: a good alternative to circumcision. J Pediatr Surg 29:561–563PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diseker RA 3rd, Lin LS, Kamb ML, Peterman TA, Kent C, Zenilman J, Lentz A, Douglas JM Jr, Rhodes F, Malotte KC, Iatesta M (2001) Fleeting foreskins: the misclassification of male circumcision status. Sex Transm Dis 28:330–335PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunsmuir WD, Gordon EM (1999) The history of circumcision. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:1–12PubMedGoogle Scholar
Elchalal U, Ben-ami B, Brzezinski A (1999) Female circumcision: the peril remains. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:103–108PubMedGoogle Scholar
Fink KS, Carson CC, DeVellis RF (2002) Adult circumcision outcomes study: effect on erectile function, penile sensitivity, sexual activity and satisfaction. J Urol 167:2113–2116PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman MDA (1999) A child’s right to circumcision. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:74–78PubMedGoogle Scholar
Frisch M, Friis S, Kjaer SK, Melbye M (1995) Falling incidence of penile cancer in an uncircumcised population (Denmark 1943–90). BMJ 311:1471PubMedGoogle Scholar
Ganiats TG, Humphrey JB, Taras HL, Kaplan RM (1991) Routine neonataloldest circumcision: and most a cost-utilityoperation. Ob-analysis. Med Decis Making 11:282–293PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gee WF, Ansell JS (1976) Neonatal circumcision: a ten year overview with comparison of the Gomco clamp and the Plastibell device. Pediatrics 58:824–827PubMedGoogle Scholar
Gesundheit B, Grisaru-Soen G, Greenberg D, Levtzion-Korach O, Malkin D, Petric M, Koren G, Tendler MD, Ben-Zeev B, Vardi A, Dagan R, Engelhard D (2004) Neonatal genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection after Jewish ritual circumcision: modern medicine and religious tradition. Pediatrics 114:259–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glass JM (1999) Religious circumcision: a Jewish view. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:17–21PubMedGoogle Scholar
Goldman R (1999) The psychological impact of circumcision. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:93–102PubMedGoogle Scholar
Golubovic Z, Milanovic D, Vukadinovic V, Rakic I, Perovic S (1996) The conservative treatment of phimosis in boys. Br J Urol 78:786–788PubMedGoogle Scholar
Goodman J (1999) Jewish circumcision: an alternative perspective. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:22–27PubMedGoogle Scholar
Hammond T (1999) A preliminary poll of men circumcised in infancy and childhood. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:85–92PubMedGoogle Scholar
Hodges FM, Svoboda JS, Van Howe RS (2002) Prophylactic interventions on children: balancing human rights with public health. J Med Ethics 28:10–16PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bibliografia
Ahmed A, Mbibi NH, Dawam D, Kalayi GD (1999) Complications of traditional male circumcision. Ann Trop Paediatr 19:113–117PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alanis MC, Lucidi RS (2004) Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world’s oldest and most controversial operation. Obstet Gynecol Survey 59:379–395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Academy of Pediatrics (1999) Task force on circumcision. Circumcision policy statement. Pediatrics 103:686–693CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amir M, Raja MH, Niaz WA (2000) Neonatal circumcision with Gomco clamp-a hospital-based retrospective study of 1000 cases. J Pak Med Assoc 50:225–227Google Scholar
Ashfield JE, Nickel KR, Siemens DR, MacNeily AE, Nickel JC (2003) Treatment of phimosis with topical steroids in 194 children. J Urol 169:1106–1108PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babu R, Harrison SK, Hutton KA (2004) Ballooning of the foreskin and physiological phimosis: is there any objective evidence of obstructed voiding? BJU Int 94:384–387PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber NJ, Chappell B, Carter PG, Britton JP (2003) Is preputioplasty effective and acceptable? J R Soc Med 96:452–453PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blalock HJ, Vemulakonda V, Ritchey ML, Ribbeck M (2003) Outpatient management of phimosis following newborn circumcision. J Urol 169:2332–2324PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandes SB, McAninch JW (1999) Surgical methods of restoring the prepuce: a critical review. BJU Int 83 [Suppl 1]:109–113PubMedGoogle Scholar
Cascio S, Colhoun E, Puri P (2001) Bacterial colonization of the prepuce in boys with vesicoureteral reflux who receive antibiotic prophylaxis. J Pediatr 139:160–162PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cason DL, Carter BS, Bhatia J (2000) Can circumcision prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in hospitalized infants? Clin Pediatr (Phila) 39:699–703CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castellsague X, Bosch FX, Munoz N, Meijer CJ, Shah KV, de Sanjose S, Eluf-Neto J, Ngelangel CA, Chichareon S, Smith JS, Herrero R, Moreno V, Franceschi S; International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Cervical Cancer Study Group (2002) Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. N Engl J Med 346:1105–1112PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Hillier SL (2003) Risk factors for infection with herpes simplex virus type 2: role of smoking, douching, uncircumcised males, and vaginal flora. Sex Transm Dis 30:405–410PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christakis DA, Harvey E, Zerr DM, Feudtner C, Wright JA, Connell FA (2000) A trade-off analysis of routine newborn circumcision. Pediatrics 105:0246–249Google Scholar
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