Flexibility and Sustainability of Mentorship Model for Entrepreneurship Development: An Exploratory Study

Chapter
Part of the Flexible Systems Management book series (FLEXSYS)

Abstract

The myth that entrepreneurs are born, no more holds good, rather it is well recognized now that the entrepreneurs can be created and nurtured through appropriate interventions. The flexibility of Mentorship has been extended to provide support to first generation entrepreneurs of SMEs who face problems when they open their nascent Enterprise. The study is conducted keeping the view point of potential entrepreneurs who generally do not have any business background but are enthusiastic to start a new venture, thereby needing a Mentorship support. The objective of the study is to analyze the synergy between Mentor and Mentee and their co-existence in the firm in terms of benefits associated to both of them particularly specifying Mentee’s perception for Mentor. Analysis is done through MSVI (Mean Scale Value Index) and ANOVA which is used to analyze the statistical significance between the potential entrepreneurs and their level of interest in entrepreneurship and their perception towards the need of Mentor. The main contribution of the paper is to enhance the understanding of mentorship for first generation entrepreneurs.

Keywords

Mentorship Enterprise Entrepreneurship SMEs Flexibility Sustainability 

References

  1. Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (2009). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 32, 15–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Acs, Z., & Storey, D. (2004). Introduction: Entrepreneurship and economic development. Regional Studies, 38(8), 871–877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Armington, C., & Acs, Z. J. (2002). The determinants of regional variation in new firm formation. Regional Studies, 36(1), 33–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Audretsch, D. B. (1991). The new firm survival and technological regime. Review of Economics and Statistics, 73(3), 441–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Audretsch, D. B. (2002). The dynamic role of small firms. Small Business Economics, 18, 13–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2004). Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance. Regional Studies, 38(8), 949–959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Audretsch, D. B., Houweling, P., & Thurik, R. (2000). Firm survival in the Netherlands. Review of Industrial Organization, 16(1), 1. ABI/INFORM CompleteGoogle Scholar
  8. Bauer, T. N. (1999). Perceived mentoring fairness: Relationship with gender, mentoring type, mentoring experience and mentoring needs. Sex Roles, 40(3/4)Google Scholar
  9. Beresford, R., & Saunders, N. K. (2003). Evaluation of the mentors to small business program. http://www.businessboffins.com/pdfs/Evaluation%20of%20M2SB%20Project.pdf
  10. Brown, J. S. (1999). Business centre markets mentorship model. 19(12), 14.Google Scholar
  11. Burke, R. J. (1984). Mentors in organizations. Group of Organization Studies (pre 1986), 9(3), 353.Google Scholar
  12. Burke, R. J., & McKeen, C. A. (1989). Developing formal mentoring programs in organizations. Business Quarterly, 53(3), 76–99.Google Scholar
  13. Burke, R. J., & McKeen, C. A. (1990). Mentoring in organizations: Implications for women. Journal of Business Ethics, 9, 317–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Canadian Youth Business Foundation (2003). Mentor and Entrepreneur.Google Scholar
  15. Colwillina, L. (2007). Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Latvia Jelgava. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference Economic Science for Rural Development, 239–245.Google Scholar
  16. Desai, V. (2001, 2011) Dynamics of entrepreneurial development and management: Entrepreneurship, project management, finances, programs, and problems.Google Scholar
  17. Douglas, C. A. (1997).Formal mentoring programs in organizations: An annotated bibliography. Greensboro: Centre for Creative Leadership.Google Scholar
  18. Drucker, P. (1958). Marketing and economic development. Journal of Marketing, 22(3), 252–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Ehrich, L. C., & Hansford, B. C. (1999). Mentoring: Pros and cons for HRM. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 37(3), 92–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Fagenson, E. A. (1989). The mentor advantage: Perceived career/job experiences of proteges versus non-proteges. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10, 309–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Fagenson-Eland, E. A., Marks, M. A., & Amendola, K. L. (1997). Perceptions of mentoring relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 29–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. FICCI. (2010). Management Consulting Services Ltd (IMaCS) Report on ‘The Skill Development Landscape in India and Implementation of Quality Skills Training’.Google Scholar
  23. Fourth All India Census. (2009). Quick results of MSME with reference year 2006–07. Ministry of MSME, Government of India.Google Scholar
  24. Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Report India (2000).Google Scholar
  25. Godshalk, V. M., & Sosik, J. J. (2000). Does mentor-protégé agreement on mentor leadership behavior influence the quality of a mentoring relationship? Group & Organization Management, 25(3), 291–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Grant Thornton International Business Report (IBR) (2011).Google Scholar
  27. Hansford, B. C., Tennent, L., & Ehrich, L. C. (2002). Business mentoring: Help or hindrance? Mentoring and Tutoring, 10(2), 101–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Heimann, B., & Pittenger, K. K. S. (1996). The impact of formal mentorship on socialization and commitment of newcomers. Journal of Managerial Issues, 8(1), 108–117.Google Scholar
  29. Horgan, D. D., & Simeon, R. J. (1990). Mentoring and participation: An application of the Vroom–Yetton model.Google Scholar
  30. Hubbard, S. S., & Robinson, J. P. (1998). Mentoring: A catalyst for advancement in administration. Journal of Career Development, 24(4).Google Scholar
  31. INDIA. (2011). Reference Annual. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.Google Scholar
  32. Johnson, N. B., & Scandura, T. A. (1994). The effect of mentorship and sex-role style on male–female earnings. Industrial Relations, 33(2), 263–274.Google Scholar
  33. Jones, G. G., & Wadhwani, D. Schumpeter’s plea: Rediscovering history and relevance in the study of entrepreneurship.Google Scholar
  34. Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Judge, T. A. (2008). A quantitative review of mentoring research: Test of a model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72, 269–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Kondo, D. K. (1990). Crafting selves: Power, gender, and discourses of identity in a Japanese workplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
  36. Kram, K. E. (1983). Phases of the mentor relationship. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 608–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Kram, K. E. (1985).Mentoring at work: Developmental relationships in organizational life. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman.Google Scholar
  38. Kram, K. E., & Isabella, L. A. (1985). Mentoring alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 110–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Kwan, H. K. (2011). Effects of mentoring functions on receivers' organizational citizenship behavior in a Chinese context: A two-study Investigation. Journal of Business Research New York, 64(4), 363.Google Scholar
  40. Laband, D. L., & Lentz, B. F. (1999). The impact of having a mentor or earnings and promotion: Evidence from a panel study of lawyers. Applied Economics Letters, 6, 785–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Lee, J. H., & Nolan, R. E. (1998). The relationship between mentoring and the career advancement of women administrators in cooperative extension. Journal of Career Development, 25(1), 3–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Lee, K. S., Lim, G. H., & Lim, W. S. (2003). Family business succession: Appropriation risk and choice of successor. Academy of Management Review, 28(4), 657–666.Google Scholar
  43. Miller, T., Holmes, K. R., & Feulner, E. J. (2012).Index of economic freedom. Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company.Google Scholar
  44. MSME. (2010). Annual report. Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Government of India.Google Scholar
  45. MSME. (2011). Annual report. Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Government of India.Google Scholar
  46. Noe, R. A. (1988). An investigation of the determinants of successful assigned mentoring relationships. Personnel Psychology, 41, 457–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Pegg, M. (1999). The art of mentoring. Industrial and Commercial Training, 31(4), 136–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. PM Task Force. (2010). On Ministry of Small Business Enterprise, Government of IndiaGoogle Scholar
  49. Ragins, B. R. (1989). Barriers to mentoring: The female manager's dilemma. Human Relations, 42, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Ragins, B. R. (1995). Diversity, power and mentorship in organizations: A cultural, structural and behavioral perspective. In M. Chemers, M. Costanzo & S. Oskamp (Eds.),Diversity in organizations: Forthcoming. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
  51. Ragins, B. R. (1997). Diversified mentoring relationships: A power perspective. Academy of Management Review, 22, 482–521.Google Scholar
  52. Ragins, B. R., & Cotton, J. (1991). Easier said than done: Gender differences in perceived barrier to gaining a mentor. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 939–951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Ragins, B. R., & McFarlin, D. B. (1990). Perceptions of mentor roles in cross-gender mentoring relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 321–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Ragins, B. R., & Scandura, T. A. (1994). Gender difference in expected outcomes of mentoring relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 957–971.Google Scholar
  55. Ragins, B. R., & Scandura, T. A. (1999). Burden or blessing? Expected costs and benefits of being a mentor. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 493–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Reynolds, P. D. (1997). Who starts new firms? Preliminary exploration on firms in gestation. Small Business Economics, 9(5), 449–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Rivza, B. (2007). Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference Economic Science for Rural Development. Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Latvia Jelgava, pp. 239–245.Google Scholar
  58. Roger, B. (2003). Kautilya's arthastra on war and diplomacy in ancient India. The Journal of Military History, 67(1), 9–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Saxenian, A. (1994).Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and route 128 (p. 226). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.Google Scholar
  60. Scandura, T. A. (1992). Mentorship and career mobility: An empirical investigation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 169–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Scandura, T. A. (1997). Mentoring and organizational justice: An empirical investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 58–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Scandura, T. A. (1998). Dysfunctional mentoring relationships and outcomes. Journal of Management, 24, 449–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. Smith, W. J., Smith, J. W., & Markham, S. E. (2000). Diversity issues in mentoring academic faculty. Journal of Career Development, 26(4).Google Scholar
  64. St-Jean, E. (2009). Factors leading to satisfaction in a mentoring scheme. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 7(1), 151.Google Scholar
  65. Styles, J. (2008). Using SMEs intelligence in mentoring science and technology students. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 4(1), 20–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. Tan, W.-L., Williams, J., & Tan, T.-M. (2005). Defining the ‘Social’ in ‘social entrepreneurship’. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 353–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. Tennent, L., Hansford, B., & Ehrich, L. C. (2001). Closing the divide: Theory and practice in mentoring. ANZAM Conference Auckland, New ZealandGoogle Scholar
  68. Tepper, B. J. (1995). Upward maintenance tactics in supervisory mentoring and non-mentoring relationship. Academy of Management Journal, 38(4), 1191–1205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. Third All India Census of Small Scale Industries—reference year 2001–02.Google Scholar
  70. Thomas, D. A. (1999). Beyond the simple demography—power hypothesis: How blacks in power influence white-mentor-black-protégé developmental relationships. In A.J. Murrell, F.J. Crosby, & R.J. Ely (Eds.), Mentoring dilemmas: Developmental relationships within multicultural organizations (pp. 157–170). Mahwah, NJ.Google Scholar
  71. Todd, P. R., & Javalgi, R. G. (2007). Internationalization of SMEs in India: Fostering entrepreneurship by Leveraging Information Technology. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(2), 166–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. Uddin, S. (1,2,3), Entrepreneurship Development in India. p. 59.Google Scholar
  73. Veciana, J. M., Aponte, M., & Urbano, D. (2005). University student's attitude towards entrepreneurship: A two countries comparison. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 165–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. Wood, Ronald A. Don mills. (2003). Canadian mentorship program for young girls. 31(5), 41.Google Scholar
  75. Wright, C. A., & Wright, S. D. (1987). The role of mentors in the career development of young professionals. Family Relations, 36(2), 204–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer India 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Management StudiesIndian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia

Personalised recommendations