Effect of Posterior Capsule Opacification and Anterior Capsule Contraction on Visual Function

Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

In this chapter, a study done to examine the effect of (1) the size of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and (2) anterior capsule contraction (ACC) on visual function is described. (1) Eyes with PCO first underwent posterior capsulotomy smaller than pupillary size, after which the capsulotomy was secondarily enlarged to greater than pupillary size. Visual acuity (VA), contrast VA, and that with glare (glare VA) under photopic and mesopic conditions were measured after the small and large capsulotomies (in the same eyes). After enlargement, the mean capsulotomy area increased from 4.8 to 15.3 mm2. Mean corrected-distance VA (CDVA) did not improve significantly after enlargement, but photopic contrast VA and glare VA at moderate-to-low-contrasts and mesopic contrast VA and glare VA improved significantly. (2) Eyes with ACC underwent Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. The anterior capsule opening area was measured before and after capsulotomy and was correlated with VA and contrast sensitivity. The mean anterior capsule opening area increased from 8.2 to 18.0 mm2 after capsulotomy. The mean contrast sensitivity at most visual angles improved significantly after capsulotomy, although CDVA did not. The anterior capsule opening area before capsulotomy was correlated significantly with contrast sensitivity, but not with CDVA. In conclusion, in eyes with PCO, contrast sensitivity was worse with a small capsulotomy than with a large capsulotomy, suggesting that a capsulotomy larger than the pupil is necessary to restore contrast sensitivity. ACC impairs significantly contrast sensitivity in proportion to the opening area, but does not worsen CDVA markedly.

Keywords

Anterior capsule contraction Contrast sensitivity Neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser capsulotomy Posterior capsule opacification Visual acuity 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Nadler DJ, Clayman HM, Jaffe MS, Luscombe SM et al (1984) Glare disability in eyes with intraocular lenses. Am J Ophthalmol 97(1):43–47PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Wilkins M et al (1996) Visual recovery under glare conditions following laser capsulotomy. Eye 10(1):117–120PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Tan JCH et al (1998) Comparison of methods to assess visual impairment from glare and light scattering with posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 24(12):1626–1631PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Magno BV et al (1997) Evaluation of visual function following neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Ophthalmology 104(8):1287–1293PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Hayashi K et al (2003) Correlation between posterior capsule opacification and visual function before and after neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Am J Ophthalmol 136(4):720–726PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Hayashi K, Hayashi H (2005) Posterior capsule opacification in the presence of an intraocular lens with a sharp versus rounded optic edge. Ophthalmology 112(9):1550–1556PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    van Bree MCJ et al (2008) Effect of neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy on retinal straylight values in patients with posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 34(10):1681–1686PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Leff SR et al (1987) Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Ophthalmology 94(10):1222–1225PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Javitt JC et al (1992) National outcomes of cataract extraction: increased risk of retinal complications associated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The cataract patient outcomes research team. Ophthalmology 99(10):1487–1497, discussion 1497–1498PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Steinert RF et al (1991) Cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, and glaucoma after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Am J Ophthalmol 112(4):373–380PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Shah GR (1986) Three thousand YAG lasers in posterior capsulotomies: an analysis of complications and comparison to polishing and surgical discission. Ophthalmic Surg 17(8):473–477PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Channell MM, Beckman H (1984) Intraocular pressure changes after neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Arch Ophthalmol 102(7):1024–1026PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Stark WJ et al (1985) Neodymium:YAG lasers: an FDA report. Ophthalmology 92(2):209–212PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Lohmann CP et al (1994) iBlendungsempfindlichkeit vor und nach Nd:YAG-kapsulotomie: ein vergleich zwischen kleiner und groβer kapsulotome [The role of glare and light scatter in the degradation of visual performance before and after Nd:YAG capsulotomy: a comparison of small and large size capsultomies]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 205(2):65–69PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Goble RR et al (1994) The role of light scatter in the degradation of visual performance before and after Nd:YAG-capsulotomy. Eye 8(Pt5):530–534PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Yilmaz S et al (2006) The effect of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy size on refraction and visual acuity. J Refract Surg 22(7):719–721PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Hayashi K et al (1997) Reduction in the area of the anterior capsule opening after polymethylmethacrylate, silicone, and soft acrylic intraocular lens implantation. Am J Ophthalmol 123(4):441–447PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Joo CK et al (1996) Capsular opening contraction after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 22(5):585–590PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Ursell PG et al (1997) Anterior capsule stability in eyes with intraocular lenses made of poly(methyl methacrylate), silicone, and AcrySof. J Cataract Refract Surg 23(10):1532–1538PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Park TK et al (2002) Changes in the area of the anterior capsule opening after intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 28(9):1613–1617PubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Kato S et al (2002) Risk factors for contraction of the anterior capsule opening after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 28(1):109–112PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Hayashi H et al (1998) Anterior capsule contraction and intraocular lens dislocation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 82(12):1429–1432PubMedCentralPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Hayashi K et al (1998) Anterior capsule contraction and intraocular lens dislocation after implant surgery in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmology 105(7):1239–1243PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Hayashi H et al (1998) Area reduction in the anterior capsule opening in eyes of diabetes mellitus patients. J Cataract Refract Surg 24(8):1105–1110PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Hansen SO et al (1993) Progressive constriction of the anterior capsular opening following intact capsulorhexis. J Cataract Refract Surg 19(1):77–82PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Davison JA (1993) Capsule contraction syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 19(5):582–589PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Nishi O, Nishi K (1993) Intraocular lens encapsulation by shrinkage of the capsulorhexis opening. J Cataract Refract Surg 19(4):544–545PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Scorolli L et al (1996) Capsule contraction after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. J Cataract Refract Surg 22(9):1245–1246PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Tuft SJ, Talks SJ (1998) Delayed dislocation of foldable plate-haptic silicone lenses after Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. Am J Ophthalmol 126(4):586–588PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Spang KM et al (1999) Complete occlusion of the anterior capsular opening after intact capsulorhexis: clinicopathologic correlation. Am J Ophthalmol 127(3):343–345PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Olsen G, Olson RJ (2000) Update on a long-term, prospective study of capsulotomy and retinal detachment rates after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 26(7):1017–1021PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Jahn CE et al (2003) Pseudophakic retinal detachment after uneventful phacoemulsification and subsequent neodymium:YAG capsulotomy for capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 29(5):925–929PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Lewis H et al (1987) A prospective study of cystoid macular edema after neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Ophthalmology 94(5):478–482PubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Billotte C, Berdeaux G (2004) Adverse clinical consequences of neodymium:YAG laser treatment of posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 30(10):2064–2071PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Hayashi K, Hayashi H (2005) Intraocular lens factors that may affect anterior capsule contraction. Ophthalmology 112(2):286–292PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Werner L et al (2001) Anterior capsule opacification: correlation of pathologic findings with clinical sequelae. Ophthalmology 108(9):1675–1681PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Japan 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Hayashi Eye HospitalFukuokaJapan

Personalised recommendations