Recent Advances in the Description of the Structure of Water, the Hydrophobic Effect, and the Like-Dissolves-Like Rule

  • Roland Schmid
Chapter

Summary

Following a critical survey of the vast recent literature, the state of the art may be summarized as follows:

Keywords

Water structure Hydrophobic effect Cavity formation Solvent reorganization energy Compensation effect Quadrupolar solvents 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Ben-Naim A (1980) Hydrophobic Interactions. Plenum, New YorkCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Evans DF, Ninham BW (1986)J Phys Chem 90: 226CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Tanford C (1973) The Hydrophobic Effect: Formation of Micelles and Biological Membranes. Wiley, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Dill KA (1990)Biochemistry 29: 7133CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Førrisdahl OK, Kvamme B, Haymet ADJ (1996)Mol Phys 89: 819Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Wang H, Ben-Naim A (1996)J Med Chem 39: 1531CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Ashbaugh HS, Kaler EW, Paulaitis ME (1999)J Am Chem Soc 121: 9243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Battino R, Clever HL (1966)Chem Rev 66: 395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Ben-Naim A, Marcus Y (1984)J Chem Phys 81: 2016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Madan B, Sharp K (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 7713CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Lazaridis T (1998)J Phys Chem B 102: 3531CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Marmur A (2000)J Am Chem Soc 122: 2120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Blokzijl W, Engberts JBFN (1993)Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 32: 1545CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Schmid R (2001) Solvent Effects on Chemical Reactivity. In: Wypych G (ed) Handbook of Solvents. ChemTec Publishing, Toronto, p 737Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Giguère PA (1984)J Raman Spectrosc 15: 354CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Wall TT, Hornig DF (1965)J Phys Chem 43: 2079CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Walrafen GE (1968)J Chem Phys 48: 244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    D’Arrigo G, Maisano G, Mallamace F, Migliardo P, Wanderlingh F (1981)J Chem Phys 75: 4264CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Giguère PA (1987)J Chem Phys 87: 4835CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Walrafen GE, Fisher MR, Hokmabady MS, Yang W-H (1986)J Chem Phys 85: 6970CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21a.
    Hare DE, Sorensen CM (1990)J Chem Phys 93: 25;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 21b.
    b Hare DE, Sorensen CM (1990)J Chem Phys 93: 6954CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 21c.
    c Hare DE, Sorensen CM (1992)J Chem Phys 96: 13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 22.
    Marèchal Y (1991)J Chem Phys 95: 5565CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 23.
    Libnau FO, Toft J, Christy AA, Kvalheim OM (1994)J Am Chem Soc 116: 8311CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 24.
    Soper AK, Phillips MG (1986)Chem Phys 107: 47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 25.
    Svishchev IM, Kusalik PG (1993)J Chem Phys 99: 3049CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 26.
    Svishchev IM, Zassetsky AY (2000)J Chem Phys 112: 1367CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 27.
    Soper AK (1994)J Chem Phys 101: 6888CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 28.
    De Santis A, Rocca D (1997)J Chem Phys 107: 9559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 29.
    Giguère PA (1984)J Raman Spectrosc 15: 354CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 30.
    Némethy G, Scheraga HA (1962)J Chem Phys 36: 3382CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 31.
    Bosio L, Chen S-H, Teixeira J (1983)Phys Rev A 27: 1468CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 32.
    Sciortino F, Geiger A, Stanley HE (1990)Phys Rev Lett 65: 3452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 33.
    Robinson GW, Cho CH, Urquidi J (1999)J Chem Phys 111: 698CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 34.
    Vedamuthu M, Singh S, Robinson GW (1994)J Phys Chem 98: 2222 and references thereinCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 35.
    Kamb B (1964)Acta Cryst 17: 1437CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 36.
    Kamb B, Hamilton WC, LaPlaca SJ, Prakash A (1971)J Chem Phys 55: 1934CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 37.
    Benson SW, Siebert ED (1992)J Am Chem Soc 114: 4269CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 38.
    Falk M, Ford TA (1966)Can J Chem 44: 1699CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 39.
    Giguère PA, Pigeon-Gosselin M (1986)J Raman Spectrosc 17: 341CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 40.
    Cho CH, Singh S, Robinson GW (1997)J Chem Phys 107: 7979CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. 41.
    Mahoney MW, Jorgensen WL (2000)J Chem Phys 112: 8910CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 42.
    Arthur JW, Haymet ADJ (1998)J Chem Phys 109: 7991CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 43.
    Frank HS, Evans MW (1945)J Chem Phys 13: 507CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 44.
    Mizuno K, Miyashita Y, Shindo Y, Ogawa H (1995)J Phys Chem 99: 3225CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 45.
    Goldammer EV, Hertz HG (1970)J Phys Chem 74: 3734CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 46.
    Pottel R, Kaatze V (1969)Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 73: 437Google Scholar
  49. 47.
    Silveston R, Kronberg B (1989)J Phys Chem 93: 6241CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 48.
    Grunwald E, Steel C (1995)J Am Chem Soc 117: 5687CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 49.
    Yu HA, Karplus M (1988)J Chem Phys 89: 2366CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. 50.
    Qian H, Hopfield JJ (1996)J Chem Phys 105: 9292CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. 51.
    Lee B (1985)J Chem Phys 83: 2421CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 52.
    Vaisman II, Brown FK, Tropsha A (1994)J Phys Chem 98: 5559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. 53.
    Re M, Laria D, Fernández-Prini R (1996)Chem Phys Lett 250: 25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 54.
    Soper AK, Finney JL (1993)Phys Rev Lett 71: 4346CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. 55.
    Turner J, Soper AK (1994)J Chem Phys 101: 6116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 56.
    Soper AK, Luzar A (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 1357CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. 57.
    Meng EC, Kollman PA (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 11460CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. 58.
    Ikeguchi M, Seishi S, Nakamura S, Shimizu K (1998)J Phys Chem B 102: 5891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 59.
    Ben-Naim A (1987) Solvation Thermodynamics. Plenum, New YorkCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 60.
    Abraham MH (1982)J Am Chem Soc 104: 2085CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. 61.
    Ben-Naim A (1978)J Phys Chem 82: 792CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. 62.
    Schmid R, Miah AM, Sapunov VN (2000)Phys Chem Chem Phys 2: 97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. 63.
    Owicki JC, Scheraga HA (1977)J Am Chem Soc 99: 7403CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. 64.
    Bridgeman CH, Buckingham AD, Skipper NT (1996)Chem Phys Lett 253: 209CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 65.
    Reiss H (1966)Adv Chem Phys 9: 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. 66.
    de Souza LES, Stamatopoulou A, Ben-Amotz D (1994)J Chem Phys 100: 1456CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. 67.
    Graziano G (1998)J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 94: 3345CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  70. 68.
    Graziano G (1999)Phys Chem Chem Phys 1: 1877CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. 69.
    Boublik T (1970)J Chem Phys 53: 471CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. 70.
    Mansoori GA, Carnahan NF, Starling KE, Leland Jr TW (1971)J Chem Phys 54: 1523CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. 71.
    Matyushov DV, Ladanyi BM (1997)J Chem Phys 107: 5815CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. 72a.
    Pierotti RA (1963)J Phys Chem 67: 1840;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. 72a.
    Pierotti RA (1976) 76: 717 Google Scholar
  76. 73a.
    Wilhelm E, Battino R (1971)J Chem Phys 55: 4021;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  77. 73b.
    Wilhelm E, Battino RJ (1971)J Chem Thermodyn 3: 761;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  78. 73c.
    Wilhelm E, Battino RJ (1973)J Chem Phys 58: 3558CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  79. 74.
    Matyushov DV, Schmid R (1996)J Chem Phys 104: 8627CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. 75.
    Ben-Amotz D, Herschbach DR (1990)J Phys Chem 94: 1038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  81. 76.
    Schmid R, Matyushov DV (1995)J Phys Chem 99: 2393CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. 77.
    Matuyshov DV, Schmid R (1994)J Phys Chem 98: 5152CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  83. 78.
    Ben-Amotz D, Willis KG (1993)J Phys Chem 97: 7736CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  84. 79.
    Floris FM, Se1mi M, Tani A, Tomasi J (1997)J Chem Phys 107: 6353CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  85. 80.
    Prévost M, Oliveira IT, Kocher JP, Wodak Si (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 2738CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. 81.
    Pohorille A, Pratt LR (1990)J Am Chem Soc 112: 5066CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  87. 82.
    Matyushov DV, Schmid R (1996)J Chem Phys 105: 4729CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  88. 83.
    Stamatopoulou A, Ben-Amotz D (1998)J Chem Phys 108: 7294CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  89. 84.
    Broadbent RD, Neilson GW (1994)J Chem Phys 100: 7543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  90. 85.
    Filipponi A, Bowron DT, Lobban C, Finney JL (1997)Phys Rev Lett 79: 1293CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  91. 86.
    De Jong PHK, Wilson JE, Neilson GW, Buckingham AD (1997)Molec Phys 91: 99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  92. 87.
    Turner JZ, Soper AK, Finney JL (1995)J Chem Phys 102: 5438CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  93. 88.
    Bowron DT, Finney JL, Soper AK (1998)J Phys Chem B 102: 3551CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  94. 89.
    Sharp KA, Bhupinder M, Manas E, Vanderkooi JM (2001)J Chem Phys 114: 1791CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  95. 90.
    Mizuno K, Miyashita Y, Shindo Y, Ogawa H (1995)J Phys Chem 99: 3225CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  96. 91.
    Fidler J, Rodger PM (1999)J Phys Chem B 103: 7695CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  97. 92.
    Guillot B, Guissani Y, Bratos S (1991)J Chem Phys 95: 3634CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  98. 93a.
    Feakins D, Canning FM, Mullally JJ, Waghorne WE (1989)Pure Appl Chem 61: 133;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  99. 93b.
    Feakins D, Bates FM, Waghorne WE, Lawrence KG (1993)J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 89:3388CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  100. 94.
    Holz M, Haselmeier R, Mazitov RK, Weingärtner H (1994)J Am Chem Soc 116: 801CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  101. 95.
    Haselmeier R, Holz M, Marbach W, Weingärtner H (1995)J Phys Chem 99: 2243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  102. 96.
    Nakahara M, Wakai C, Yoshimoto Y, Matabayasi N (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 1345CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  103. 97.
    Sciortino F, Geiger A, Stanley HE (1992)J Chem Phys 96: 3857CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  104. 98.
    García-Tarrés L, Guàrdia E (1998)J Phys Chem B 102: 7448CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  105. 99.
    Owicki JC, Scheraga HA (1977)J Am Chem Soc 99: 7413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  106. 100.
    Swaminathan S, Harrison SW, Beveridge DL (1978)J Am Chem Soc 100: 5705CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  107. 101.
    Geiger A, Rahman A, Stillinger FH (1979)J Chem Phys 70: 263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  108. 102.
    Pangali C, Rao M, Berne J (1979)J Chem Phys 71: 2982CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  109. 103.
    Alagona G, Tani A (1980)J Chem Phys 72: 580CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  110. 104.
    Rapaport DC, Schegara HA (1982)J Am Chem Soc 86: 873Google Scholar
  111. 105.
    Vaisman II, Brown FK, Tropsha A (1994)J Phys Chem 98: 5559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  112. 106.
    Hernández-Cobos J, Ortega-Blake I (1995)J Chem Phys 103: 9261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  113. 107.
    Fois E, Gamba A, Redaelli C (1999)J Chem Phys 110: 1025CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  114. 108a.
    Miller KW, Reo NV, Uiterkamp AJMS, Stengle DP, Stengle TR, Williamson KL (1981)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4946;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  115. 108b.
    Stengle TR, Hosseini SM, Bashi HG, Williamson KL (1984)J Solution Chem 13: 779CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  116. 109.
    de Souza LES, Ben-Amotz D (1994)J Chem Phys 101: 9858CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  117. 110.
    Pierotti RA (1976) Chem Rev 76: 717CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  118. 111.
    Reid CR, Prauznitz JM, Poling BE (1987) The Properties of Gases and Liquids. McGraw-Hill, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  119. 112.
    Pierotti RA (1965)J Phys Chem 69: 281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  120. 113.
    Jorgensen WL, Chandrasekhar J, Madura JD, Impey RW, Klein ML (1983)J Chem Phys 79:926CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  121. 114.
    Lazaridis T, Karplus M (1996)J Chem Phys 105: 4294CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  122. 115.
    Zichi DA, Rossky PJ (1985)J Chem Phys 83: 797CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  123. 116a.
    Londono D, Kuhs WF, Finney JL (1988)Nature 332: 141;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  124. 116b.
    Londono D, Finney JL, Kuhs WF (1992)J Chem Phys 97: 547CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  125. 117.
    Udachin KA, Ratcliffe CI, Ripmeester JA (2001)Angew Chem 113: 1343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  126. 118.
    Southall NT, Dill KA (2000)J Phys Chem B 104: 2391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  127. 119a.
    Graziano G (2001)J Phys Chem B 105: 2079;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  128. 119b.
    Southall NT, Dill KA (2001)J Phys Chem B 105: 2082CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  129. 120.
    Chen B, Xing J, Siepmann JI (2000)J Phys Chem B 104: 2391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  130. 121.
    Sapunov VN, Kirchner K, Schmid R (2001)Coord Chem Rev 214: 143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  131. 122.
    Marcus Y (1988)Chem Rev 88: 1475CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  132. 123.
    Ohtaki H, Radnai T (1993)Chem Rev 93: 1157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  133. 124a.
    Sharp K, Madan B (1997)J Phys Chem B 101: 4343;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  134. 124b.
    Madan B, Sharp K (1997)J Phys Chem B 101: 11237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  135. 125.
    Silverstein KAT, Haymet ADJ, Dill KA (1999)J Chem Phys 111: 8000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  136. 126.
    Matubayasi N (1994)J Am Chem Soc 116: 1450CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  137. 127.
    Rick SW (2000)J Phys Chem B 104: 6884CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  138. 128.
    Collett TS (1997)Chem Eng News 75: 60Google Scholar
  139. 129.
    Silverstein TP (1998)J Chem Educ 75: 116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  140. 130.
    Furutaka S, Ikawa S (1998)J Chem Phys 108: 5159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  141. 131a.
    Linert W (1989)Chem Phys 129: 381;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  142. 131b.
    Linert W, Jameson RF (1989)Chem Soc Rev 18: 477;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  143. 131c.
    Linert W (1994)Chem Soc Rev 23: 429CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  144. 132.
    Boots HMJ, de Bokx PK (1989)J Phys Chem 93: 8240CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  145. 133.
    Vailaya A, Horváth C (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 2447CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  146. 134.
    Stolov AA, Herrebout WA, van der Veken BJ (1998)J Am Chem Soc 120: 7310CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  147. 135.
    Abraham MH, Whiting GS, Fuchs R, Chambers EJ (1990)J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2: 291Google Scholar
  148. 136.
    Ramadan MS, Evans DF, Lumry R (1983)J Phys Chem 87: 4538CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  149. 137.
    Matyushov DV, Schmid R (1994)Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 98: 1590CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  150. 138.
    Atkins PW (1990) Physical Chemistry, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 167ffGoogle Scholar
  151. 139.
    Linert W, Jameson RF (1993)J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 1415Google Scholar
  152. 140.
    Ben-Naim A (1978)J Phys Chem 82: 874CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  153. 141.
    Matubayasi N, Reed LH, Levy RM (1994) J Phys Chem 98: 10640CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  154. 142a.
    Lazaridis T (1998)J Phys Chem B 102: 3531;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  155. 142b.
    Lazaridis T (2000)J Phys Chem B 104: 4964CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  156. 143a.
    Lee B (1994)Biophys Chem 51: 271;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  157. 143b.
    Lee B (1995)Methods in Enzymol 259: 555CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  158. 144a.
    Smith DE, Laird BB, Haymet ADJ (1993)J Phys Chem 97: 5788;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  159. 144b.
    Lazaridis T, Paulaitis ME (1993)J Phys Chem 97: 5789CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  160. 145.
    Ashbaugh HS, Kaler EW, Paulaitis ME (1999)J Am Chem Soc 121: 9243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  161. 146.
    Murray JS, Abu-Awwad F, Politzer P (1999)J Phys Chem A 103: 1853CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  162. 147.
    Rashin AA, Bukatin MA (1991)J Phys Chem 95: 2942CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  163. 148.
    Pitarch J, Moliner V, Pascual-Ahuir JL, Silla E, Tuñón I (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 9955CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  164. 149.
    Sitkoff D, Ben-Tal N, Honig B (1966)J Phys Chem 100: 2744CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  165. 150.
    Bader JS, Cortis CM, Berne BJ (1997)J Chem Phys 106: 2372CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  166. 151.
    Luo R, Moult J, Gilson MK (1997)J Phys Chem B 101: 11226CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  167. 152.
    Guillot B, Guissani Y (1993)J Chem Phys 99: 8075CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  168. 153.
    Stillinger FH (1973)J Solution Chem 2: 141CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  169. 154.
    Bratsch SG (1988)J Chem Edu 65: 34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  170. 155.
    Buckingham AD (1959)Quart Rev Chem Soc 13: 183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  171. 156.
    Matyushov DV, Voth GA (1999)J Chem Phys 111: 3630CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  172. 157.
    Patey GN, Valleau JP (1976)J Chem Phys 64: 170CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  173. 158.
    Jiang S, Pitzer KS (1995)J Chem Phys 102: 7632CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  174. 159.
    Liu Y, Ichiye T (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 2723CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  175. 160.
    Cottrell TL, Hamilton RA, Taubinger RP (1956)Trans Faraday Soc 52: 1310CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  176. 161a.
    Carbacos OM, Weinheimer CJ, Lisy JM (1998)J Chem Phys 108: 5151;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  177. 161b.
    Carbacos OM, Weinheimer CJ, Lisy JM (1999)J Chem Phys 110: 8429CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  178. 162.
    Siu FM, Ma NL, Tsang CW (2001)J Am Chem Soc 123: 3397CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  179. 163.
    Jemmis ED, Schleyer PVR (1982)J Am Chem Soc 104: 4781CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  180. 164.
    Manceron L, Andrews L (1988)J Am Chem Soc 110: 3840CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  181. 165.
    Schroer JW, Monson PA (2001)J Chem Phys 114: 4124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  182. 166.
    Furutaka S, Ikawa S (1998)J Chem Phys 108: 5159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  183. 167a.
    Perng BC, Newton MD, Raineri FO, Friedman HL (1996)J Chem Phys 104: 7153;CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  184. 167b.
    Perng BC, Newton MD, Raineri FO, Friedman HL (1996)J Chem Phys 104: 7177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  185. 168.
    Reynolds L, Gardecki JA, Frankland SJV, Horng ML, Maroncelli M (1996)J Phys Chem 100: 10337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  186. 169.
    Matyushov DV, Schmid R, Ladanyi BM (1997)J Phys Chem B 101: 1035CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  187. 170.
    Geerlings JD, Varma CAGO, Hemmert MCv (2000)J Phys Chem B 104: 56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  188. 171.
    Kauffman JF (2001)J Phys Chem A 105: 3433CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  189. 172.
    Zuck TF, Riess JG (1994)Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 31: 295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  190. 173.
    Jeon J, Kim HI (2000)J Phys Chem A 104: 9812CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  191. 174.
    Read I, Napper A, Zimmt MB, Waldeck DH (2000)J Phys Chem A 104: 9385CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Wien 2002

Authors and Affiliations

  • Roland Schmid
    • 1
  1. 1.Institute of Inorganic ChemistryTechnical University of ViennaViennaAustria

Personalised recommendations