The Nuclear Structures of Protocaryotic Organisms (Bacteria and Cyanophyceae)

  • G. Wolfgang Fuhs
Chapter
Part of the Protoplasmatologia book series (PROTOPLASMATOL., volume 5 / 4)

Abstract

Bacteria and Cyanophyceae resemble other organisms in that they contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their carrier of genetic information. The DNA complement in each cell effectively fulfills the functions of a nucleus and takes part in processes of genetic exchange involving recombination. The mechanisms of gene action resemble those in other organisms. Nuclear organization, however, is sufficiently different from the type commonly encountered in other members of the plant kingdom that the separation as a group of bacteria and Cyanophyceae is warranted. The recommended term Protocaryotes or protocaryotic organisms (preferred over Procaryotes and procaryotic) reflects the more primitive status of nuclear organization in these forms as compared with all others (referred to as Eucaryotes or eucaryotic organisms, Chatton 1937, Dougherty 1957, Ris 1961, Stanier 1961, Fuhs 1965 d).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Bibliography

  1. Abelson, J., and C. A. Thomns Jr., 1966: The anomaly of the T 5 bacteriophage DNA molecule. J. moles. Biol. 18, 262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Abrams, A., L. Nielsen, and J. Thaemert, 1964: Rapidly synthesized ribonucleic acid in membrane ghosts from Streptococcus faecalisprotoplasts. Biochim. biophys. Acta 80, 325.Google Scholar
  3. Adams, J. N., 1963: Nuclear morphogenesis during the developmental cycles of some members of the genus Nocardia. J. gen. Microbiol. 33, 429.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Adler, H. I., W. D. Fisher, A. Cohen, and A. A. Hardigree, 1967: Miniature Escherichia colicells deficient in DNA. Prot nat. Acad. Sci. L.S.A. 57, 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Adler, H. I., and A. A. Hardigree, 1965: Growth and division of filamentous forms of Escherichia soli. J. Bast. 90, 223.Google Scholar
  6. Ageno, M., E. Dore, C. Frontal, M. Arca, L. Frontali, and G. Tecce, 1965: Interaction between denatured DNA and RNA of B. stearothermophilusinvolving only one half of total DNA. Atti Accad. nazion. Lincei, R. C. Cl. Sci. fis. mat. nat. 38, 325.Google Scholar
  7. Alfoldi, L., G. S. Stent, and R. C. Clowes, 1962: The chromosomal site of the RNA control (RC) locus in Escherichia soli. J. molec. Biol. 5, 348.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Ames, B. N., and D. T. Durin, 1960: The role of polyamines in the neutralization of bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid. J. biol. Chem. 235, 769.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Ames, B. N., and S. M. Rosenthal, 1958: Presence of polyamines in certain bacterial viruses. Science 127, 814.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Anderson, T. F., and R. Maze:, 1957: Analyse de la descendance de zygotes formüs par conjugaison chez Escherichia soli K 12. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 93, 194.Google Scholar
  11. Anderson, T. F., E. L. Wollman and F. Jacob, 1957: Sur les processus de conjugaison and dc recombination chez E. soliI11. Aspects morphologiques en microscopic électronique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 93, 450.Google Scholar
  12. Angelov, S., N. Spasova, J. Kujumdiev, S. Galabov, I P. Nikolov, 1963: Bulgarian (Submicroscopic structure and amino acid composition of experimentally obtained large bodies of bacteria). Bolg. Akad. Nauk, Izvest. mikrobiol. Inst. 15, 79.Google Scholar
  13. Antohi, S., I. Moraru and A. Petrovici, 1966: Un système de conjugaison hétérospécifique de haute fréquence entre la souche 31 A de staphylocoque and la souche 207 de Bacillus megaterium. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) D 262, 220.Google Scholar
  14. Armstrong, R. L., and J. A. Boezi, 1965: Studies of Escherichia soliribonucleic acid — deoxyribonucleic acid complex. Biochim. biophys. Acta 103, 60.Google Scholar
  15. Aronson, A. I., and S. Spiegelman, 1961: Protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis in a chloramphenicol-inhibited system. Biochim. biophys. Acta 53, 70.Google Scholar
  16. Atkins, H., 1964: Topological considerations of the DNA molecule. Guy’s Hosp. Rep. 113, 74.Google Scholar
  17. Avery, O. T., C. M. Macleod, and M. Mccarty, 1944: Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation in pneumococcal cells; Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from Pneumococcus type Ill. J. exp. Med. 79, 137.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Bachrach, U., and I. Cohen, 1961: Spermidine in the bacterial cell. J. gen. Microbiol. 26, 1.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Radian, J., 1930: Z cytologji miksobakteryj. Acta Soc. bot. polon. 7, 55.Google Scholar
  20. Radian, J., 1933: Eine cytologische Untersuchung über das Chromatin and den Entwicklungszyklus der Bakterien. Arch. Mikrobiol. 4, 409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Baghavan, N. V., and W. Atchley, 1965: Properties of a deoxyribonucleoprotein complex derived from Bacillus subtilis. Biochemistry 4, 234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Bahr, G. F., 1954: Osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide and their reactions with biologically important substances. Exp. Cell Res. 7, 457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Bahr, I-I., and W. Schwartz, 1957: Vergleichende cytologische Untersuchungen an farblosen fädigen Schwefelmikroben and an hormogonalen Cyanophyeecn. Biol. Lbl. 76, 185.Google Scholar
  24. Baldwin, R. L., and E. M. Shooter, 1963:. On the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid in Escherichia soli. Biochem. J. 89, 9 P.Google Scholar
  25. Bamann, E., and H. Trapmann, 1959: Durch Metall-Ionen katalysierte Vorgänge, vornehmlich im Bereich der seltenen Erdmetalle. Advanc. Enzymol. 21, 169.Google Scholar
  26. Banerjee, K. C., and D. J. Perkins, 1962: The interactions of some metal ions with deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids in aqueous solution, Biochim. biophys. Acta 61, 1.Google Scholar
  27. Barer, R., 1952: interference microscopy and mass determination. Nature 169, 366.Google Scholar
  28. Barer, R., and S. Josepih, 1955: Refractometry of living cells III. Techniques and optical methods. Quart. J. micr. Sci. 96, 423.Google Scholar
  29. Barer, R., and S. Josepih, 1958: Concentration and mass measurements in microbiology. J. appl. Bact. 21, 146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Barer, R., and K. F. A. Ross, 1952: Refractometry of living cells. J. Physiol. 118, 38.Google Scholar
  31. Barker, Hazel D. and S. S. Cohen, 1956: Synchronization of division of a thymine-less mutant of Escherichia coli. J. Bact. 72, 115.Google Scholar
  32. Barker, Hazel D.. and S. S. Cohen, 1957: The isolation and properties of amino acid requiring mutants of a thymineless bacterium. J. Bact. 74, 350.Google Scholar
  33. Baron, S. L., 1965: Transfer of episomes between bacterial genera. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 27, 999.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Baron, S. L., and S. Falkow, 1961: Genetic transfer of episomes from Salmonella typhosato Vibrio comma. Rec. Genet. Soc. Amer. 30, 59.Google Scholar
  35. Barr, G. C., and J. A. V. Butler, 1963: Biosynthesis of nucleic acids in Bacillus megateriumIf. The formation of ribonucleic acid by nuclear material in vitro. Biochem. J. 88, 252.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Bauer, I., 1962: Untersuchungen an Sphaeromyxa xanthodsloran. sp., einer auf Tropfkiirpern vorkommenden Mvr,xobakterienart. Arch, Hyg. 146, 392.Google Scholar
  37. Baumann-Grace, Joyce B., and J. Çomcsmk, 1959: Mode of action of trypsin on Bacillus megaterium. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 101, 571.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Beck, Sibylle, 1963: Licht-and elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an einer sporenbildenden Cyanophycee aus dem Formenkreis von Pleurocapsa fuliginosaHauck. Flora 153, 194.Google Scholar
  39. Beebe, J. M., 1941: The morphology and cytology of Myxococcus xanthusn. sp. J. Bact. 42, 193.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Beer. M., and C. R. Zorel, 1961: Electron stains II. Electron microscopic studies on the visibility of stained DNA molecules. J. molec. Biol. 3, 717.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Belozerskij, A. N., 1939: in Russian (On nuclear substance in bacteria). Mikrobiologija 8, 504.Google Scholar
  42. Belozerskij, A. N., and A. S. Spirin, 1960: Chemistry of the nucleic acids of microorganisms, in: The Nucleic Acids, E. Charcaff and J. N. Davidson ed., New York: Acad. Press, vol. 3, 147.Google Scholar
  43. Bendich. A.. and H. S. Rosenkranz, 1963: Some thoughts on the double-stranded model of deoxyribonucleic acid. Progr. nucleic Acid Res. 1, 219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Bennett, E. O., and R. P. Williams, 1960: Nucleic acid phosphorus content of Bacillus anthracisand Bacillus cereus. II. The nucleic acid phosphorus content of the spores. Jap. J. Microbiol. 4, 157.Google Scholar
  45. Bercersen, F. J., 1953a: A probable growth cycle in Bacillus megaterium. J. gen. Microbiol. 9. 26.Google Scholar
  46. Bercersen, F. J., 1953b: Cytological changes induced in Bacterium coliby chloramphenicol. J. gen. Microbiol. 9, 353.Google Scholar
  47. Bercii, A. K., S. J. Webb, and C. S. Mcarthur, 1965: A histone-like fraction boand to lipid in Staphylococcus epidelmidis. Canad. J. Biochem. 43, 625.Google Scholar
  48. Bhaskaran, K., 1958: Genetic recombination in Vibrio cholerae. J. gen. Microbiol. 19, 71.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. Bhaskaran, K., 1960: Recombination of characters between mutant stocks of Vibrio cholerae. strain 162. J. gen. Microbiol. 23, 47.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  50. Bhaskaran, K., and S. S. Iyer, 1961: Genetic recombination in Vibrio chholerae. Nature 189, 1030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Billen, D., 1959a: Influence of unbalanced growth on subsequent x-ray induced inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli15 T. Nature 184, 174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Billen, D., 1959b: Alteration in the radiosensitivity of Escherichia colithrough modification of cellular macromolecular components. Biochim. biophys. Acta 34, 110.Google Scholar
  53. Billen, D., 1960a: Capacity of extracts from prestarved Escherichia colito incorporate thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature 187, 1044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Billen, D., 1960b: Effects of prior alteration in nucleic acid and protein metabolism on subsequent macromolecular synthesis by irradiated bacteria. J. Bact. 80, 86.Google Scholar
  55. Billen, D., 1961: Modification of the capacity of bacteria to synthesize deoxyribonucleic acid following x-radiation. An „in vivo“and in vitro”study. Sem. Hop. Pathol. Biol. 9, 758.Google Scholar
  56. Billen, D., 1962: Alteration in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesizing capacity in bacteria: an in vivo-in vitrostudy. Biochim. biophys. Acta. 55, 960.Google Scholar
  57. Billen, D., 1963: Unbalanced deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: its role in X-ray induced bacterial death. Biochim. biophys. Acta 72, 608.Google Scholar
  58. Billen, D., 1964: Alteration in the sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by thymine deprivation. Exp. Cell Res. 34, 396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Billen, D., and R. Hewitt, 1965: Physiological aspects of modification and restoration of chromosomal synthesis in bacteria after x-irradiation. J. Bact. 90, 1218.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  60. Billen, D., and G. Jorgensen, 1965: X-ray induced perturbations in the replication of the bacterial chromosome. Biochim. biophys. Acta 103, 440.Google Scholar
  61. Birch-Andersen, A., 1955: Reconstruction of the nuclear sites of Salmonella typhimuriumfrom electron micrographs of serial sections. J. gen. Microbiol. 13, 327.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  62. Birch-Andersen, A., O. Maaloe, and F. S. Sjöstrand, 1953: High-resolution electron micrographs of sections of E. colt. Biochim. biophys. Acta 12, 395.Google Scholar
  63. Bisset, K. A., 1948a: Observations upon the bacterial nucleus. J. Hyg. 46, 264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. Bisset, K. A., 1948b: The cytology of smooth and rough variation on bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol. 2, 83.Google Scholar
  65. Bisset, K. A., 1948c: The cytology of the gram-positive cocci. J. gen. Microbiol. 2, 126.Google Scholar
  66. Bisset, K. A., 1948d: Nuclear fusion and reorganization in a Lactobacillusand a Streptococcus. J. gen. Microbiol. 2, 248.Google Scholar
  67. Bisset, K. A., 1945e: Nuclear reorganization in non-sporing bacteria. J. Hyg. 46, 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. Bisset, K. A., 1949: The nuclear cycle in bacteria. J. Hyg. 47, 182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. Bisset, K. A., 1950: Observations upon the resting nucleus of the typhoid bacterium. Exp. Cell Res. 1, 473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  70. Bisset, K. A., 1952a: The interpretation of appearances in the cytological staining of bacteria. Exp. Cell Res. 3, 681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. Bisset, K. A., 1952b: Spurious mitotic spindles and fusion tubes in bacteria. Nature 169, 347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. Bisset, K. A., 1952c: The evidence for mitotic spindles in bacteria. Science 116, 154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. Bisset, K. A., 1952d: Complete and reduced life cycles in Rhizobium. J. gen. Microbiol. 7, 233.Google Scholar
  74. Bisset, K. A., 1952e: Bacterial cytology. Int. Rev. Cytol. 1, 93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. Bisset, K. A., 1953a: The cytology of Caryophanon latum, Mycologia 45, 790.Google Scholar
  76. Bisset, K. A., 1953b: Do bacteria have mitotic spindles, fusion-tubes and mitochondria ? J. gen. Microbiol. 8, 50.Google Scholar
  77. Bisset, K. A., 1954a: The cytology of Micrococcus cryophilus. J. Bact. 67, 41.Google Scholar
  78. Bisset, K. A., 1954b: The production of stainable granules in bacteria by the adsorption of DNA against the cell envelopes. Exp. Cell Res. 7, 232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  79. Bisset, K. A., Joyce Grace, and E. O. Morris, 1951: The nuclear reduction process in bacteria. Exp. Cell Res. 2, 388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. Bisset, K. A., and C. M. F. Hale, 1953: Complex cellular structure in bacteria. Exp. Cell Res. 5, 449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  81. Biswas, B. B., 1956: Chemical nature of nucleic acids in Cyanophyceae. Nature 177, 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. Biswas, B. B., 1957: Cytochemical studies on the central body of the Cyanopllyceae. Cytologia 22, 90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  83. Biswas, B. B., 1961: Studies on the nucleoproteins of Nostoc muscorum. Trans, Bose Res. Inst. Calcutta 24, 25.Google Scholar
  84. Biswas, B. B., and J. Myers, 1960: Characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid from Anacystis nidulans. Nature 188, 1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  85. Bladen, H. A., Jr., 1963: Demonstration of an unusual ultrastructure foand in Bacteroides: a conjugatory bridge ? J. Bact. 85, 250.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  86. Bladen, H. A., R. Byrne, J. G. Levin, and M. W. Nirenrerg, 1965: An electron microscopic study of a DNA-ribosome complex formed in vitro. J. molec. Biol. 11, 78.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  87. Blinkova, A. A., S. E. Bresler and V. A. Lanzov, 1965: DNA synthesis and chromosome transfer in Esdzerichia colt K 12, Z. Vererbungsl. 96, 267.Google Scholar
  88. Bodjmer, W. F., 1965: Recombination and integration in Bacillus subtilistransformation: involvement of DNA. J. molec. Biol. 14, 534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  89. Boivin, A., R. Tulasne and R. Vendrely, 1947a: Localisation and rôle des deux acides nucléiques chez les bactéries and he problème du noyau bactérien. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 225, 703.Google Scholar
  90. Boivin, A., R. Tulasne and R. Vendrely, and R. Mince, 1947b: Le noyau des bactéries. Cytologie and cytochimie Iles bactéries normales and des bactéries traitées par la pénicilline. Arch. Sci. physiol. 1, 307.Google Scholar
  91. Boivin, A., R. Tulasne and R. Vendrely, 1948: Le noyau des bactéries. Presse med. 56, 440.Google Scholar
  92. Boivin, A., R. Tulasne and R. Vendrely, 1949: Le rôle des deux acides nucléiques clans la constitution and dans la vie de la cellule bactérienne, and plus généralement de toutes les cellules vivantes. Exp. Cell Res. Suppl. 1, 208.Google Scholar
  93. Bonhoeffer, F., and A. Gierer, 1963: On the growths mechanism of the bacterial chromosome. J. molec. Biol. 7, 534.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  94. Boquel, P., and Y. Lehoult, 1948: Action du venin de Naja tripudians, de Vipera aspis andde Vipera russellii(Daboia) sur le cytoplasme des bactéries. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 74, 339.Google Scholar
  95. Bourguignon, Marie-FRANCE, 1964:. Etude autoradiographique de molücules Individuelles d’acide düsoxyribonuclüique de Esohericlria coli. Arch. int. Physiol. Biochim. 72, 516.Google Scholar
  96. Bradfield, J, R. G., 1954: Electron microscopic observations on bacterial nuclei. Nature 173, 184.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  97. Bradfield, J, R. G., 1956: Organization of bacterial cytoplasm, in: Bacterial Anatomy, 6th Sympos. Soc. Gen. Microbiol., Cambridge: Univ. Press, 296.Google Scholar
  98. Bradley, S. G., 1957: Heterokaryosis in Streptomyces coelicolor. J. Bact. 73, 581.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  99. Bradley, S. G., 1959: Mechanisms controlling variation in Streptomycetes, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei. 81, 899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  100. Bradley, S. G., D. L. Anderson, and L. A. Jones, 1959: Genetic interactions within heterocarvons of Streptomycetes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 81, 811.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  101. Bradley, S. G., and J. Lederberg, 1956a: Heterocaryosis in Streptomyces. Bact. Proc. 48.Google Scholar
  102. Bradley, S. G., 1956b: Heterocaryosis in Streptomyces. J. Bact. 72, 219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  103. Braendle, D. H., and W. Szyralski, 1957a: Recombination in balanced heterokaryons of Streptomyces fradiae. Bact. Proc., 52.Google Scholar
  104. Braendle, D. H., and W. Szyralski, 1957b: Genetic interaction among Streptomycetes: heterocaryosis and syncaryosis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 43, 947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  105. Braendle, D. H., and W. Szyralski, 1959: Heterocaryotic compatibility, metabolic cooperation, and genetic recombination in Streptomyces. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 81, 824.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  106. Braun, W., 1965: Bacterial Genetics. Philadelphia: SaandersGoogle Scholar
  107. Bremer, H., and M. W. Konrad, 1964: A complex of enzymatically synthesized RNA and template DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51, 801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  108. Brieger, E. M., 1963: Structure and Ultrastructure of Microorganisms. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  109. Brieger, E. M., and Audrey M, Glauert, 1956: Spore-like structures in the tubercle bacillus. Nature 178, 544.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  110. Brieger, E. M., and C. F. RomNow, 1947: Demonstration of chromatinic structures in avian tubercle bacilli in the early stages of development. J. Hyg. 45, 413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  111. Bringmann, G., 1950: Vergleichende licht-and elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Oszillatorien. Planta 38, 541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  112. Brinton, C. C. Jr., 1965: The structure, function, synthesis and genetic control of bacterial pili and a molecular model for DNA and RNA transport in gram-negative bacteria. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 27, 1003.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  113. Britten, R., 1962: hydrolysis of RNA by lead acetate. C. R. Lab. Carlsberg 32, 271.Google Scholar
  114. Brock, T. D., 1961: Chloramphenicol, Bact, Rev. 25, 32.Google Scholar
  115. Botschli, O., 1890: über den Bau der Bakterien and verwandter Organismen. Leipzig.Google Scholar
  116. Botschli, O., 1896: Weitere Ausführungen über den Bau der Cyanophyceen and Bakterien. Leipzig.Google Scholar
  117. Botschli, O., 1900: Notiz über Teilungszustände des Zentralkörpers bei einer Nostocacee. Verb. nat.-med. Ver. Heidelberg N. F. 6, 63.Google Scholar
  118. Burdon. K. L., J. C. Stokes, and C. E. Kimbrough, 1942: Studies of the common aerobic spore-forming bacilli 1, Staining for fat with sudan black B—safranin. J. Bact. 43, 717.Google Scholar
  119. Butler, J. A. V., and G. N. Godson, 1963: Biosynthesis of nucleic acids in Bacillus megaterium I. The isolation of a nuclear material. Biochem. J. 88, 176.Google Scholar
  120. Butler, J. A. V., and G. N. Godson, 1964: üNuclear“ and cytoplasmic ribosomes in B. megaterium. Nature 201, 876.Google Scholar
  121. Butzov, J. J., and G. L. Eichhorn, 1965: Interactions of metal ions with polynucleotides and related compoands IV. Degradation of polyribonucleotides by zinc and other divalent metal ions. Biopolymers 3, 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  122. Byrne, R., J, G. Levin, H. A. Bladen, and M. W. Nirenberg, 1964: The in vitroformation of a DNA-ribosome complex. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 52, 140.Google Scholar
  123. Cairns, J., 1962a: Proof that the replication of DNA involves separation of the strands. Nature 194, 1274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  124. Cairns, J., 1962b: The application of autoradiography to the study of DNA viruses. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 27, 311.Google Scholar
  125. Cairns, J., 1963a: The bacterial chromosome and its manner of replication as seen by autoradiography. J. molec. Biol. 6, 208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  126. Cairns, J., 1963b: The chromosome of Eschericizia coli. Cold Spr, Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 28, 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  127. Caldwell, P. C., and C. Hinshelwood, 1930: The nucleic acid content of Bact. lattis aerogenes. J. chem. Soc. 14, 15.Google Scholar
  128. Caldwell, P. C., E. L. Hacxor, and C. Hnshelwood, 1950: The ribose nucleic acid content and cell growth of Bact. lattis aerogenes. J. chem. Soc. 3151.Google Scholar
  129. Campbell, A. M., 1962: Episomes. Adv. Genet. 11, 101.Google Scholar
  130. Caro, L. G., 1961: Localization of macromolecules in Escherichia coliI. DNA and proteins. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 539.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  131. Caro, L. G., and F. Forro, Jr., 1961: Localization of macromolecules in Escherichia coliII. RNA and its site of synthesis. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 555.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  132. Caro, L. G., and M. Schnös, 1966: The attachment of the male-specific bacteriophage FI to sensitive strains of Escherichia cols. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 56, 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  133. Cassel, W. A., 1950: The use of perchloric acid in bacterial cytology. J. Batt. 59, 185.Google Scholar
  134. Cassel, W. A., 1951a: A procedure for the simultaneous demonstration of the cell walls and chromatinic bodies of bacteria. J. Bact. 62, 239.Google Scholar
  135. Cassel, W. A., 1951b: Apparent fusion of the chromatinic bodies in species of Bacillus. J. Bact. 62, 514.Google Scholar
  136. Cassel, W. A., and W. G. Hutcninson, 1954: Nuclear studies on the smaller myxophyceac. Exp. Cell Res. 6, 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  137. Cassel, W. A., and W. G. Hutcninson, 1955: Fixation and staining of the bacterial nucleus. Stain Technol. 30, 105.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  138. Catlin, B. W., 1956: Extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid of bacteria and a deoxyribonuclease inhibitor. Science 124, 441.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  139. Catlin, B. W., 1960a: Interspecific transformation of Neisseriaby culture slime containing deoxyribonucleate. Science 131, 608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  140. Catlin, B. W., 1960b: Transformation of Neisseria meningitidisby deoxyribonucleates from cells and from culture slime. J. Bact. 79, 579.Google Scholar
  141. Catlin, B. W., and L. S. Cunningham, 1958: Studies of extracellular and intracellular bacterial deoxyribonucleic acids. J. gen. Microbiol. 19, 522.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  142. Chan, H. K. 11., and K. G. Lark, 1967: Polarity of DNA replication in Salmonella typhimurium. Bact. Proc., 57.Google Scholar
  143. Chance, H. L., 1951: Staining apparent nuclear material in Bacillus cereus, Neisseria catarrhalesand other cocci. Stain Technol. 26, 77.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  144. Chance, H. L., 1952: Crystal violet as a nuclear stain for Gaffkya tetragenaand other bacteria. Stain Technol. 27, 233.Google Scholar
  145. Chance, H. L., 1954: A nuclear stain for Escherichia coliand related organisms. Stain Technol. 29, 185.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  146. Chance, H. L., 1957: Nuclear division in Escherichia colias revealed by acid fuchsin. J. Bact. 74, 67.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  147. Chance, H. L., 1958: Effect of fixatives upon distribution of stainable material in Escherichia colias shown by hydrogen chloride method of staining. J. Bact. 75, 629.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  148. Chapman, G. B., 1959: Electron microscope observations on the behavior of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane during cellular division. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 6, 221.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  149. Chance, H. L., 1960: Electron microscopy of cellular division in Sarcina lutea. J. Bact. 79, 132.Google Scholar
  150. Chance, H. L., and J. Hillier, 1953: Electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of bacteria I. Cellular division in Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 66, 362.Google Scholar
  151. Chardard, R., 1960: L’ultrastructure des chromosomes métaphasiques d’une Orchidée. 1“,.tude au microscope électronique. C. R. Acad. Sei. (Paris) 250, 1894.Google Scholar
  152. Chatterjee, S. N., and J. K. Sarkar, 1962: Some observations on the vaccinia virus treated with uranyl acetate. Proc. Fifth Internat. Congr. Electron Microscopy, New York: Academic Press 2, S-4.Google Scholar
  153. Chatton, E., 1918: Les Péridiniens parasites. Morphologie, reproduction, éthologie. Arch. zool. exp. gen. 59, 1.Google Scholar
  154. Chatton, E., 1937: Titres and Travaux Scientifiques. Sète: Sottano.Google Scholar
  155. Chatton, E., and R. Poisson, 1930: Sur l’existence dans le sang des Crabes de Péridiniens para“ sites. C. R. Soc. Biol. 105, 553.Google Scholar
  156. Clark, D. J., and O. Maaloe, 1967: DNA replication and the division cycle in Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 23, 99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  157. Clark, J. B., R. B. Galyen, and R. B. WEBB, 1953: The effect of organic solvents on the appearance of bacterial nuclei. Stain Technol. 28, 313.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  158. Clark, J. B., and R. B. Webb, 1955: Ploidy studies on the large cells of Micrococcus aureus. J. Bact. 70, 454.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  159. Clifton, C. E., and H. Ehrhardt, 1932: Nuclear changes in living cells of a variant of Bacillus anthracis. J. Bact. 63, 557.Google Scholar
  160. Cohen, A., H. I. Adler, W. D. Fisher, and F. W. Shull, 1967: Induction of cell division in Escherichia colt filaments. Batt. Proc., 58.Google Scholar
  161. Cohen, S. S., and Hazel D. Barner, 1954: Studies on unbalanced growth in Escheridzia cols. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 40, 885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  162. Cohen, S. S., and Hazel D. Barner, 1955: Enzymatic adaptation in a thymine requiring strain of Escherichia colt. J. Bact. 69, 59.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  163. Cohen-Bazire, Germaine, and R. Kunizawa, 1963: The fine structure of Rhodospirillam rubrum. J. Cell Biol. 16, 401.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  164. Conti, S. F., and M. E. Gettner, 1962: Electron microscopy of cellular division in Escherichia colt. J. Bact. 83, 544.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  165. Cooper, S., and C. Helmstetter, 1967: A model of the genome of Esdzeridzia colsB/r growing at different rates. Batt. Proc., 57.Google Scholar
  166. Costerton, J. W. F., R. G. E. Murray, and C. F. Robinow, 1961: Observations on the motility and the structure of Vitreoscilla. Canad. J. Microbiol. 7, 329.Google Scholar
  167. Coussons, R. T., and R. M. Cole, 1967: Minimal size of colony-forming units of group A streptococcal L forms. Bac.. Proc., 70.Google Scholar
  168. Craveri, R., L. R. Hill, P. L. Manachini, and L. G. Silvestri, 1965: Deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions among thermophilic actinomycetes. The occurrence of two strains with low GC content. J. gen. Microbiol. 41, 335.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  169. Crawford, E. M., and R. F. Gesteland, 1964: The adsorption of bacteriophage R-17. Virology 22, 165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  170. Cumm.Ings, D. J., 1965: Macromolecular synthesis during synchronous growth of Escherichia coltB/r. Biochim. biophys. Acta 95, 341.Google Scholar
  171. Cunningham, L., 1939: Micrococcal nuclease and some products of its action. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 81, 788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  172. Dalton, A. J. 1955: A chrome-osmium fixative for electron microscopy. Anat. Rec. 121, 281.Google Scholar
  173. Davidson, P. F., D. Freifelder, and B. W. Holloway, 1964: Interruptions in the polynucleotide strands in bacteriophage DNA. J. molec. Biol.. 8, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  174. De, D. N., and S. N. Ghosh, 1965: Cytochemical evidence for the apparent absence of histone in the cells of Cyanophyceae. J. 1:-listochem. Cytochem. 13, 298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  175. De, N. L., A. Gunn, and N. N. Das-Gupta, 1953: Phase contrast and electron microscopic studies on the nuclear apparatus of Escherichia colt. Proc. roy. Soc. (London) B 141, 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  176. Dean, A. C. R., 1962: Nucleic acid and protein content of Bact. lattis aerogenes, II. Variation during conditions of nutrient deficiency. Proc. roy. Soc. (London) B 155, 589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  177. Dean, A. C. R., and C. Hinshelwood, 1960: Variations in the nucleic acid content of Bact. lattis aerogenesduring the growth cycle. Proc. roy. Soc. (London) B 151, 348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  178. DE BOER, Willemina E., J. W. M. La Rivière, and A. L. Houwink, 1961: Observations on the morphology of Thi000lum maiusHinze. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 27, 447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  179. Deering, R. A., 1958: Studies on division inhibition and filament formation in Escherichia coltby ultraviolet light. J. Batt. 76, 123.Google Scholar
  180. De I-Iaan, P. G.. and A. H. Stouthamer, 1963: F-prime transfer and multiplication of sex-dated cells. Genet. Res. 4, 30.Google Scholar
  181. De Haller, G., E. Kellenberger and C. Rouillier, 1964: Etude au microscope électronique des plasmas contenant de l’acide désoxyribonucléique III. Variations ultra-structurales des chromosomes d’Anzphidinium. J. Microsc. 3, 627.Google Scholar
  182. Dehorne, A., 1920: Contribution à l’étude comparée de l’appareil nucléaire des Infusoires, des Euglènes and des Cyanophycées. Arch. Zool. exper. et gén. 60, 47.Google Scholar
  183. Dekker, C. A., 1960: Nucleic acids. Selected topics related to their morphology anti chemistry. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 29, 453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  184. Delamater, E. D., 1951: A staining and dehydrating procedure for the handling of microorganisms. Stain Technol. 26, 199.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  185. Delamater, E. D., 1953: Aspects of bacteria as cells and as organisms. Int. Rev. Cytol. 2, 158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  186. Delamater, E. D., 1959: A cytological and chemical analysis of the bacterial nucleus I. A method for the isolation of nuclei from Bacillus megateriumand the cytology of the isolated structures. Exp. Cell Res. 16, 636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  187. Delamater, E. D., 1962: Withdrawal of the concept of the occurrence of classical mitosis in bacteria. Nature 195, 309.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  188. Delamater, E. D., M. E. HuvreR, W. Szybalski, and V. Bryson, 1955: Chemically induced aberrations of mitosis in bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol. 12, 203.Google Scholar
  189. Delamater, E. D., and S. Mudd, 1951: The occurrence of mitosis in the vegetative phase of Bacillus megaterium. Exp. Cell Res. 2, 499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  190. Delaporte, Berthe, 1934: Sur la structure and le processus de sporulation dc l’Oscillospira guilliermondi. C. R. Acad. Sei. (Paris) 198, 1187.Google Scholar
  191. Delaporte, Berthe, 1935: Recherches sur la cytologie des bacilles de l’intestin des têtards. C. R. Acad. Sci, (Paris) 201, 1409.Google Scholar
  192. Delaporte, Berthe, 1936a: Nouvelles recherches sur la cytologic des Bactéries. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 202, 1382.Google Scholar
  193. Delaporte, Berthe, 1936b: Recherches cytologiques sur le groupe des Coccacées. C. R. Acad. Sri. (Paris) 203, 199.Google Scholar
  194. Delaporte, Berthe, 1939/1940: Recherches cytologiques, sur les Bactüries and les Cyanophycües. Rev. gün. Bot. 51, 615, 689, 748; 52, 40, 75, 112.Google Scholar
  195. Delaporte, Berthe, 1940: Observations cytologiques sur Spirulina versicolorCohn. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 210, 305.Google Scholar
  196. Delaporte, Berthe, 1950: Observations on the cytology of bacteria. Advanc. Genet. 3, 1.Google Scholar
  197. Delaporte, Berthe, 1958: Observations cytologiques sur la structure nucléaire d’une Sarcine de grandes dimensions Zymosarcina ventriculi. Rev. Cytol. Biol. vég. 18, 345.Google Scholar
  198. Delaporte, Berthe, 1964a: Etude comparée de grands spirilles formant des spores: Sporospirillum (Spirillum) praeclarum(Collin) n. gen., Sporospirillum gyrinin, sp. et Sporospirillum bisporumn. sp. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 107, 246.Google Scholar
  199. Delaporte, Berthe, 1964b: Etude déscriptive de bactéries de très grandes dimensions. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 107, 845.Google Scholar
  200. Delbrück, M., and G. S. Stent, 1957: On the mechanism of DNA replication, in: The Chemical Basis of Heredity. W. D. Mcelrox and B. Glass eds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
  201. De Ley, J., 1964: Effect of mutation on DNA composition of some bacteria. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 30, 281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  202. De Ley, J., and I. W. Park, 1966: Molecular biological taxonomy of some free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Antonie y, Leeuwenhoek 32, 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  203. De Lort, C., and H. Lenormant, 1959: Effet des fixateurs sur la nucléohistone de thymus. Bull. Soc. Chim. biol. (Paris) 41, 337.Google Scholar
  204. Dennis, E. S., and R. G. Wake, 1966: Autoradiography of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. J. molec. Biol. 15, 435.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  205. Dlvidü, Z., 1949: lzvjestaj o citolskim istrazivanjima leukotiobakterija. Ljetopis jugosl. Akad. Znanosti i Imjetnosti u Zagrebu 55.Google Scholar
  206. Dienes, L., 1963: Comparative morphology of L forms and PPLO, in: Recent Progress in Microbiology, Symposia held at the Eighth International Congress for Microbiology, Montréal 1962. Toronto: Univ. Toronto Press, 43.Google Scholar
  207. Dienes, L., 1963: Comparative morphology of L forms and PPLO, in: Recent Progress in Microbiology, Symposia held at the Eighth International Congress for Microbiology, Montréal 1962. Toronto: Univ. Toronto Press, 43.Google Scholar
  208. Dodge, J. D., 1960: The nucleus and nuclear divisions in the Dinophyceae. Arch. Protistenk. 106, 442.Google Scholar
  209. Dodge, J. D., 1963: Chromosome structure in the Dinophyceae I. The spiral chromonema. Arch. Mikrobiol. 45, 46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  210. Dodge, J. D., 1964a: Nuclear division of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis. J. gen. Microbiol. 36, 269.Google Scholar
  211. Dodge, J. D., 1964b: Chromosome structure in the Dinophyceae H. Cytochemical studies. Arch. Mikrobiol. 48, 66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  212. Donachif., W. D., 1965: Control of enzyme steps during the bacterial cell cycle. Nature 205, 1084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  213. Donnellan, j. E., and H. J. Horowitz, 1957: Irradiation of dry spores of Bacillus subtiliswith fast charged particles. Radiation Res. 7, 71.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  214. Doty, P., J. Marmur, J. Eigner, and C. Schildkraut, 1960: Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: physical chemical studies. Proc. nat. Acad. Sri. U.S.A. 46, 461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  215. Doudney, C. O., 1961a: Recovery of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in bacteria after amino acid starvation. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 5, 405.Google Scholar
  216. Doudney, C. O., 1961b: Recovery of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in ultra-violet lightexposed bacteria. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 5, 410.Google Scholar
  217. Doudney, C. O., and D. Billen, 1961: incorporation of thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid by extraction from bacteria exposed to ultra-violet light. Nature 190, 545.Google Scholar
  218. Dougherty, E. C., 1957: Neologisms needed for structures of primitive organisms. J. Protozool. 4, Suppl., 14.Google Scholar
  219. Drakulié, M., and M. Errera, 1959: Chlo•amphenicol-sensitive DNA synthesis ill normal and irradiated bacteria. Biocbim. biophys. Acta 31, 459.Google Scholar
  220. Drawert, H., 1949/50: Zellmorphologische and zellphysiologische Studien an Cyanophyceen I. Literaturübersicht and Versuche an Oscillatoria borneti Zukal. Planta 37, 161.Google Scholar
  221. Drawert, H., and Ingeborg Metzner-Küster, 1958: Fluoreszenz-and elektronenmikroksopische Untersuchungen an Beggiatoa albaand Tliiothrixnivea. Mikrobiol. 31, 422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  222. Dr’iskell-Zamenhof, P. J., and E. A. Adelberg, 1963: Studies on the chemical nature and size of sex factors of Escherichia coltK 12. J. molec. Biol. 6, 483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  223. Dubnau, D., I. Smith, P. Morell, and J. Marmur, 1965: Gene conservation in Bacillusspecies I. Conserved genetic and nucleic acid base sequence homologies. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  224. Dubnau, E., and B. A. D. Stocker, 1964: Genetics of plasmids in Salmonella typhimurium. Nature 204, 1112.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  225. Dugan, P. R., and D. G. LANDGREN, 1964: Energy supply for the chemoautotroph Ferrobacillus ferrooxydans. J. Beet. 89, 825.Google Scholar
  226. Dugum, J. P., 1948: The influence of cultural conditions on the morphology of Bacterium aerogeneswith reference to nuclear bodies and capsule size. J. Path. Bact, 60, 265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  227. Dwoaxiz, M., and W. Sadler, 1966: Induction of cellular morphogenesis in 3l,yxococcus xanthusI. General description. J. Bact. 91, 1516.Google Scholar
  228. Dwoaxiz, M., and H. Voelz, 1962: The formation and germination of microcysts in Myxococcus.xanthus. J. gen. Microbiol. 28, 81.Google Scholar
  229. Ebel, J. P., and J. Colas, 1954: Etude cytochimiquc des corpuscules métachromatiques des levures and de divers microorganismes. Rapp. and Comm. 8e Congr. Int. Bot. Paris, Sect. 21/27, 36.Google Scholar
  230. Eberle, Helen, and K. G. Lark, 1966: Chromosome segregation in Bacillus subtilis. J. molec. Biol. 22, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  231. Eberle, Helen, and K. G. Lark, 1967: Chromosome replication in Bacillus subtiliscultures growing at different rates. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 57, 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  232. Echlin, P., 1962: Details of the fine structure of the primitive blue-green alga. Anacystis montana var. minor. Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Electron Microscopy, New York: Academic Press, UU-15.Google Scholar
  233. Echlin, P., 1964: The fine structure of the blue-green alga Anacystis montanaf. minorgrown in continuous illumination. Protoplasma 58, 439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  234. Echlin, P., and E. D. Delamater, 1962: A cytological and chemical analysis of the bacterial nucleus II. A study of the cytochemical changes involved during the isolation of bacterial nuclear material by means of bile salts and high-frequency soand waves. Exp. Cell Res. 26, 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  235. Echlin, P., and J. Morris, 1965: The relationship between blue-green algae and bacteria. Biol. Rev. (Cambridge) 40, 143.Google Scholar
  236. Ecker, R. E., and M. Sciiaechter, 1963a: Ribosome content and the rate of growth of Salmonella typhimurium. Biochim. biophys. Acta 76, 275.Google Scholar
  237. Ecker, R. E., and M. Sciiaechter, 1963b: Bacterial growth ander conditions of limited nutrition. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 102, 549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  238. Edelman, M., D. Swinton, J. A. Schiff, H. T. Epstein, and Bernice Zeldin, 1967: Deoxyribonucleic acid of the blue-green algae (Cyanophyta). Bact. Rev. 31, 313.Google Scholar
  239. Edwards, G. A., and J. FOCII, 1960: Fine structure of pleuropneumonia-like organisms in pure culture and in infected tissue culture cells. J. Bact. 79, 267.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  240. Edwards, M. R., 1962: Plasmalemma and plasmalemmosomes of Listeria monocytogenes. 8th int. Congr. Microbiol. Montréal, Abst. A 6. 2.Google Scholar
  241. Ehrhart, H., and A. Steigler, 1954: Cytologische Untersuchungen an einem streptomycinabhängigen Stamm von E. colt. 7.. Hyg, 138, 561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  242. Eichhorn, G. L., 1962: Metal ions as stabilizers or destabilizers of the deoxyribonucleic acid structure. Nature 194, 474.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  243. Eichhorn, G. L., and J. J. Butzow, 1965: Interactions of metal ions with polynucleotides and related compoands III. Degradation of polyribonucicotides by lanthanum ions. Biopolymers 3, 79.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  244. Eichhorn, G. L., and P. Clark, 1965: Interactions of metal ions with polynucleotides and related compoands V. The unwinding and rewinding of DNA strands ander the influence of copper-II ions Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. 53, 586.Google Scholar
  245. Eigner, J., H. Boedtker, and G. Michaels, 1961: The thermal degradation of nucleic acids. Biochim. biophys. Acta 51, 165.Google Scholar
  246. Eigsti, O. J., 1946: Colchicine—a bacterial habitat. Amer. J. Bot. 33, 218.Google Scholar
  247. Eller, G., and W. H. Beckert, 1965: Nitrogen dioxide fixation in bacterial chromatin studies, J. Bact. 90, 1710.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  248. Ensign, J. C., and R. S. Wolfe, 1964: Nutritional control of morphogenesis in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. J. Bact, 87, 924.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  249. Entz, G., 1921: liber die mitotische Teilung von Ceratium hirandinella. Arch. Protistenk. 43, 416.Google Scholar
  250. Epstein, G. W., E. D. Ravicii-Birger, and A. A. Svinkina, 1936: Contributions to the cytology of the tubercle bacillus. Giorn. Batter. e Immunol. 16, 1.Google Scholar
  251. Ershov, F. I., 1963: in Russian (Methods for the cytochemical study of bacterial L forms). Lab. Delo 9, No. 10, 42.Google Scholar
  252. Ezekiel, D. H., 1961: Increase in ribonucleic acid in the bacterial chromatin body (luring chloramphenicol treatment. J. Bact. 81, 319.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  253. Ezekiel, D. H., 1964: Accumulation of ribonucleic acid in bacterial nuclear preparations during treatment of whole cells with 8-azaguanine, tetracyclines, and other inhibitors. J. Bact. 87, 755.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  254. Falkow, S., R. V. Citarella, J. A. Wohliieter, and T. Watanabe, 1966: The molecular nature of the R-factor. J. moles. Biol. 17, 102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  255. Falkow, S., J. Marmur, W. F. Carey, W. M. Spilman, and L. S. Baron, 1961: Episoinic transfer between Salmonella typhosaand Serratia marcescens. Genetics 46, 703.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  256. Falkow, S., J. A. Wohlhieter, R. V. Citarella, and L. S. Baron, 1964: Transfer of episomic elements to Proteus I. Transfer of F-linked chromosomal determinants. J. Bast. 87, 209.Google Scholar
  257. Fauret-Frümiet, E., and C. Rouillier, 1958: 1:tude au microscope ülectronique dune bactürie sulfureuse, Thiouolum maius Hinze. Exp. Cell Res. 14, 29.Google Scholar
  258. Felsenfeld, G., and S. Huang, 1959: The interaction of polynucleotides with cations. Biochim. biophys. Acta 34, 234.Google Scholar
  259. Felsenfeld, G., and S. Huang, 1960: The interaction of polynucléotides with metal ions, amino acids and polyamines. Biochim. biophys. Acta 37, 425.Google Scholar
  260. Felsenfeld, G., and S. Huang, 1961: Some effects of charge and structure upon ionic interactions of nucleic acids. Biochim. biophys. Acta 51, 19.Google Scholar
  261. Feulgen, R., 1918: Darstellung and Eigenschaften der Thyminsäure. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 101, 296.Google Scholar
  262. Feulgen, R., 1939: Von der Nuclealfärbung zum Plasmalogen. Schriften der Ludwigs-Universität zit Gienen, Heft 1.Google Scholar
  263. Feulgen, R., and H. Rossenbeck, 1924: Anwendung der Nuclealreaktion auf histologische Prä-parate. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 135, 203.Google Scholar
  264. Fikhman, B. A., 1963: in Russian (Immersion medium for phase-contrast microscopy of living bacterial cells). Lab. Delo 9, No. 5, 53.Google Scholar
  265. Fitz-James, P. C., 1953: The structure of spores as revealed by mechanical disruption. J. Bact. 66, 312.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  266. Fitz-James, P. C., 1954: The duplication of bacterial chromatin. Interpretations of some cytological and chemical studies of the germinating spores of Bac. cereusand Bac. megaterium. J. Bact. 68, 464.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  267. Fitz-James, P. C., 1955a: The phosphorus fractions of Bacillus cereusand Bacillus megaterium. T. A comparison of spores and vegetative cells. Canad. J. Microbiol. 1, 502.Google Scholar
  268. Fitz-James, P. C., 1955b: The phosphorus fractions of Bacillus cereusand Bacillus megaterium. H. A correlation of the chemical with the cytological changes occurring during spore germination. Canad. J. Microbiol, 1, 525.Google Scholar
  269. Fitz-James, P. C., 1958: Studies on the morphology and nucleic acid content of protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium. J. Bact. 75, 369.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  270. Fitz-James, P. C., 1960: Participation of the cytoplasmic membrane in the growth and spore formation of bacilli. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 8, 507.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  271. Fitz-James, P. C., 1964a: Sporulation in protoplasts and its dependence on prior forespore development. J. Bact. 87, 667.Google Scholar
  272. Fitz-James, P. C., 1964b: Electron microscopy of Bacillus megateriumandergoing isolation of its nuclear bodies. J. Bact. 87, 1202.Google Scholar
  273. Fitz-James, P. C., 1964c: Fate of the mesosomes of Bacillus megateriumduring protoplasting. J. Bact. 87, 1483.Google Scholar
  274. Fitz-James, P. C., 1965: A consideration of the bacterial membrane as the agent of differentiation. 15th Sympos. Soc. gen. Microbiol., Cambridge: University Press, 369.Google Scholar
  275. Fitz-James, P. C., C. F. Robinow, and G. H. Bergold, 1954: Acid hydrolysis of the spores of B. cereus; a correlation of chemical and cytological findings. Biochim. biophys. Acta 14, 346.Google Scholar
  276. Fitz-James, P. C., and I. Elizabeth Young, 1959: Comparison of species and varieties of the genus Bacillus. Structure and nucleic acid content of spores. J. Bact. 78, 743.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  277. Flegel, H., 1953: Untersuchungen an fluorochromierten Bakterienkulturen. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 159, 342.Google Scholar
  278. Flewett, T. I-I., 1948: Nuclear changes in Bacillus anthracis and their relation to variants. J. gen. Microbiol. 2, 325.Google Scholar
  279. Floethmann, E., 1954: Cytologische Untersuchungen an Azotobacter chroococcum. Arch. Mikrobiol. 20, 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  280. Forro, F., Jr., 1965: Autoradiographie study of bacterial chromosome replication in amino-acid deficient Escherichia colt15 T. Biophys, J. 5, 629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  281. Forro, F., Jr., and S. A. Wertheimer, 1960: The organization and replication of deoxyribonucleic acid in thymine-deficient strains of Escherichia colt. Biochim. biophys. Acta 40, 9.Google Scholar
  282. Fox, M. S., 1960: Fate of transforming deoxyribonucleate following fixation by transformable bacteria. Nature 187, 1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  283. Franklin, R. M., and N. Granboulan, 1965: Hlgh resolution autoradiography Of bacteria labelled with tritiated thymidine. J. moles. Biol. 14, 623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  284. Fraser, D., and H. R. Mahler, 1962: Studies in partially resolved bacteriophage-host systems. VII. Diamines, dyes, empty phage heads and protoplast-infecting agent. Biochim. Biophys, Acta 53, 199.Google Scholar
  285. Freifelder, D., 1966: Replication of DNA during Flac transfer. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 23, 576.Google Scholar
  286. Freifelder, D., and P. F. Davison, 1962: Hyperchromocity and strand separation in bacterial DNA. Biophys. J. 2, 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  287. Freifelder, D., and A. K. Kleinschmidt, 1965: Single-strand breaks in duplex DNA of coliphage T 7 as demonstrated by electron microscopy. J. molec. Biol. 14, 271.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  288. Friesen, J. D., and O. Maalee, 1965: On the control of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by amino acids in Escherichia colt. Biochim. biophys. Acta 95, 436.Google Scholar
  289. Fruchter, J., 1960: Cu puivire la nucleul bacteriei celulozolitice diu Sporocytophaga. An. Univ. C. I. Parhon, Ser. Sti. nat. 9, No. 24, 61.Google Scholar
  290. Fuerst, C. R., F. Jacob, and E. L. Wollman, 1956: Déterminations de liaisons génétiques, chez Escheridzia coltK 12, à l’aide de radiophosphore. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 243, 2162.Google Scholar
  291. Fuerst, C. R.,and G. S. Stent, 1956: Inactivation of bacteria by decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus. J. gen. Physiol, 40, 73.Google Scholar
  292. Funs, G. W., 1958: Bau, Verhalten and Bedeutung der kernäquivalenten Strukturen bei Oscillatoria amoena(Kiitz.) Gomont. Arch. Mikrobiol. 28, 270.Google Scholar
  293. Funs, G. W., 1963a: Addendeum to: E. Kellenberger: Organization of the genetic material of phage, bacteria, and dinoflagellate. Eleventh Int. Congr. Genetics, Proceedings. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 2, 319.Google Scholar
  294. Funs, G. W., 1963b: Cytochemisch-elektronenmikroskopische Lokalisierung der Ribonukleinsäure and des Assimilats in Cyanophyceen. Protoplasma 56, 178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  295. Funs, G. W., 1964: Die Wirkung von Uranylsalzen auf die Struktur des Bakteriennucleoids, 1. Mitteilung über Nucleoide. Arch. Mikrobiol. 49, 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  296. Funs, G. W., 1965a: Der physikalische Status der Deoxyribonucleinsäure im Bakterinnucleoid, 2. Mitteilung über Nucleoide. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 31, 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  297. Funs, G. W., 1965b: Grandzüge der Nucleoidfeinstruktur, 3, Mitteilung über Nucleoide. Arch. Mikrobiol. 50, 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  298. Funs, G. W., 1965c: Zum chemischen Status der Deoxyribonucleinsäure im Bakteriennucleoid, 4. Mitteilung über Nucleoide. Arch. Mikrobiol. 52, 91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  299. Funs, G. W., 1965d: Fine structure and replication of bacterial nucleoids (Symposium on the fine structure and replication of bacteria and their parts, 64th Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology). Bact. Rev. 29, 277.Google Scholar
  300. Funs, G. W., 1967: Cytology of blue-green algae: Light microscopic aspects. Int. Sympos. “Algae, Man and the Environment” (D. F. Jackson, ed.). Syracuse: Syracuse Univ. Press (to appear in 1968 ).Google Scholar
  301. Fukushi, K., 1959: Electron microscopic studies of tubercle bacilli V. Studies on fixation and ultrathin sectioning. Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ. Ser. C., 9, 1.Google Scholar
  302. Gallant, J. A., 1962: Sublethal thymineless damage in Escherichia coltB 3. Biochim. biophys. Acta 61, 302.Google Scholar
  303. Gallant, J. A., and S. Suskind, 1962: Ribonucleic acid and thymineless death. Biochim, biophys. Acta 55, 627.Google Scholar
  304. Ganesan, A. T., 1963: Physical and biological studies of Bacillus sublilisdeoxyribonucleic acid. Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford Univ.Google Scholar
  305. Ganesan, A. T., and J. Lederberg, 1956a: Membrane-boand fraction of bacterial DNA. Biophys. Soc. Ninth Annu. Meetg., p. 162.Google Scholar
  306. Ganesan, A. T., and J. Lederberg, 1965b: A cell-membrane boand fraction of bacterial DNA. Biochim. biophys. Res. Commun. 18, 824.Google Scholar
  307. Gardner, N. L., 1906: Cytological studies in Cyanophviceae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 2, 237.Google Scholar
  308. Gause, G. G., N. P. Loshkareva, I. B. Zbarsky, and G. F. Gause, 1964: Deoxyribo nucleic acid base composition in certain bacteria and their mutants with impaired respiration. Nature 203, 598.Google Scholar
  309. Geitler, L., 1923: Der Zellbau von Glaucocystis nostodtinearumand Gloeochaete mittrodcianaand die Chromatophoren-Symbiosetheorie von Mereschkowsky. Arch. Protistenk. 47, 1.Google Scholar
  310. Geitler, L., 1936: Schizophyceen, in: Linsbauers Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie, vol. VI/I, B, Berlin: Borntraeger.Google Scholar
  311. Geitler, L., 1942: Schizophyta, in: Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien, Leipzig: Engelmann. — Nachdruck 1959: Berlin: Duncker amp; Humblot.Google Scholar
  312. Geitler, L., 1953: Endomitose and endomitotische Polyploidisierung. Protoplasmatologia, Handbuch der Protoplasmaforschung, VI/C. Wien: Springer.Google Scholar
  313. Geitler, L., 1959a: Syncyanosen, in: Ruhlands Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie, 11, 530, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar
  314. Geitler, L., 1959b: Eine neue Endocyanose, Cyanoptyche dispersan. sp. and Bemerkungen über ähnliche Syncyanosen. Osterr. bot. Z. 106, 464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  315. Geitler, L., 1960: Schizophyceen, in: Encyclopedia of Plant Anatomy/Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie, K. Linsbauer ed., 2nd ed., vol. VI, pt. I., Berlin: Borntraeger.Google Scholar
  316. Geitler, L., 1958: Zur Struktur des Bakterienzellkerns. Naturwissenschaften 45, 473.Google Scholar
  317. Geitler, L., 1959: Elektronenmikroskopische Darstellung verschiedener chemischer and physikalisch-chemischer Reaktionen an den DNS-Strukturen eines Chromosoms (Die Bakterienzelle als.biologisches Reagenzglas“). Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 176, 413.Google Scholar
  318. Geitler, L., 1961: “Ober das üSupercoiling”-System der Chromosomen von Bakterien and Flagellaten and seine Beziehungen zu Nucleolus and Kerngrandsubstanz. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 183, 1.Google Scholar
  319. Geitler, L., 1992: Vergleichende Untersuchungen an den Chromosomen des Dinoflagellaten Amphidinium elegansand denen der Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 187, 452.Google Scholar
  320. Geitler, L., 1965: Über das Ordnungsprinzip in den Chromosomen von Dinoflagellaten and Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 196, 516.Google Scholar
  321. Geitler, L., and G. Piekarski, 1958: Zur Organisation des Zellkernes von Bacillus megaterium. Arch. Mikrobiol. 31, 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  322. Gillies, N. E., and T. Alter, 1960: The nucleic acid content of Escheridzia colistrains B and B/r. Biochim. biophys. Acta 43, 182.Google Scholar
  323. Ginsberg, D. M., and J. Jagger, 1965a: Evidence that initial ultraviolet damage in Es herichia colt strain 15 TüAüUü is independent of growth phase. J. gen. Microbiol. 40, 171Google Scholar
  324. Ginsberg, D. M., and J. Jagger, 1965b: Radiation sensitivity and growth characteristics of an arginine-and uracil-starved culture of Es herichia colistrain 15 T—A-U—. J. gen. Microbiol. 40, 185.Google Scholar
  325. Glauert, Audrey M., 1962: The fine structure of bacteria. Brit. med. Bull. 18, 295.Google Scholar
  326. Glauert, Audrey M., and E. M. Brieger, 1956: Ultra-thin sections of avian tubercle bacilli in a new embedding medium. Proc. Conf. Electron Microscopy (Stockholm), 111.Google Scholar
  327. Glauert, Audrey M., and Jennifer M. Allen, 1961: The fine structure of vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis. Exp. Cell Res. 22, 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  328. Glauert, Audrey M., and D. A. Horwoov, 1961: The fine structure of Streptomyces violaceoruber (S. coelicolor)III. The walls of the mycelium and spores. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 10, 505.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  329. Godson, G. N., and J. A. V. Butler, 1962: Preparation of a nuclear fraction from Bacillus megatherium, and its role in the biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid. Nature 193, 655.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  330. Godson, G. N., and J. A. V. Butler, 1963: Biosynthesis of nucleic acids in Bacillus megateriumIII. Biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid in vivo. Biochem. J. 88, 259.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  331. Godson, G. N., and J. A. V. Butler, 1964:. Biosynthesis of nucleic acids in Bacillus megaterium IV. Roles of the “nuclear” cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic-membrane components of the cell in the biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid. Biochem. J. 93, 573.Google Scholar
  332. Gogol, E. M., and E. Rosenberg, 1964: Observations on the regulation of DNA biosynthesis. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 14, 565.Google Scholar
  333. Goldsciimidt, R., 1905: Die Chromidien der Protozoen. Arch. Protistenk. 5, 126.Google Scholar
  334. Goldstein, A., and B. J. Brown, 1961: Effect of sonic oscillation upon “old” and “new” nucleic acids in Escheridzia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta 53, 19.Google Scholar
  335. Goldstein, A., Dora B. Goldstein, B. J. Brown, and Shag-Cilia Chou, 1959: Amino acid starvation in an Estherichia coliauxotroph, I. Effects on protein and nucleic acid synthesis and on cell division. Biochim. biophys. Acta 36, 163.Google Scholar
  336. Goldstein, A., J. B. Kirschbaum, and A. Roman, 1965: Direction of synthesis of messenger RNA in cells of Estherithia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. 54, 1669.Google Scholar
  337. Goodgal, S. H., and N. E. Melechen, 1960: Synthesis of transforming DNA in the presence of chloramphenicol. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 3, 114.Google Scholar
  338. Grace, Joyce B., 1951: The life cycle of Sporocytophaga. j. gen. Microbiol. 5, 519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  339. Grell, K. G., 1953: Die Chromosomen von Aulacantha scolymanthaHaeckel. Arch. Protistenk. 99, 1.Google Scholar
  340. Grell, K. G., 1964: The protozoan nucleus, in: The Cell, J. Brachet and A. E. Mirsky ed., New York: Academic Press, 6, 1.Google Scholar
  341. Grell, K. G., and G. Schwalbach, 1965: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an den Chromosomen der Dinoflagellaten. Chromosoma 17, 230.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  342. Grell, K. G., and K. E. Wohlfarth-Bottermann, 1957: Licht-and elektroneninikroskopische Untersuchungen an dem Dinoflagellaten Amphidinium elegansn. sp. Z. Zell-forsch. 47, 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  343. Gros, F., and Françoise Gros, 1958: Rôle des acides aminés dans la synthèse des acides nucléiques chez Estherichia coli. Exp. Cell Res. 14, 104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  344. Gross, J. D., and L. G. Caro, 1965: Genetic transfer in bacterial mating. What mechanism insures the orderly transfer of DNA from donor to recipient cells. Science 150, 1679.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  345. Gross, J. D., and L. G. Caro, 1966: DNA transfer in bacterial conjugation. J. molec. Biol. 16, 269.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  346. Grula, E. A., and M. M. Grula, 1962: Cell division in a species of Erminia. III. Reversal of inhibition of cell division caused by D-amino acids, penicillin, and ultraviolet light. IV. Metabolic blocks in pantothenate biosynthesis and their relationship to inhibition of cell division. J. Bact. 83, 981, 989.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  347. Grula, E. A., and G. L. Smith, 1965: Cell division in a species of Erroinia. IX. Electron microscopy of normally dividing cells. J. Batt. 90, 1054.Google Scholar
  348. Guest, J. R., and C. Yanofsky, 1966: Relative orientation of gene, messenger and polypeptide chain. Nature 210, 799.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  349. Guha, A., N. N. Dasgupta, and M. L. De, 1954: Nuclear apparatus of E. colsafter fixation in chromic acid arid osmium tetroxide. J. Bact. 67, 292.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  350. Guilliermond, A., 1906: Contribution à l’étude cytologique des Cyanophycées. Rev. gén, Bot. 18, 392, 447.Google Scholar
  351. Guilliermond, A., 1925: Nouvelles observations sur la structure des Cyanophycées. C. R. Acad. Sei. (Paris) 180, 951.Google Scholar
  352. Guilliermond, A., 1926: Nouvelles recherches stir la structure des Cyanophycées. Rev. gén. Bot. 38. 129, 177.Google Scholar
  353. Guilliermond, A., 1933: La structure des Cyanophycées, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 197, 182.Google Scholar
  354. Hagedorn, H., 1955: Beiträge zur Cytologie and Morphologie der Actinomyceten. Zbl, Bakt., II. Abt, 108, 353.Google Scholar
  355. Hagedorn, H., 1959a: Licht-and elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Nocardia coralhna(Bergey and al. 1923). Zbl. Bakt., II. Aht. 112, 214.Google Scholar
  356. Hagedorn, H., 1959b: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über den Teilungsverlauf bei Nocardia corallina(BERGEY and al. 1923). Zbl. Bakt., II. Abt. 112, 359.Google Scholar
  357. Hagedorn, H., 1960: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Blaualgen. Naturwissenschaften 47, 430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  358. Hagedorn, H., 1961: Untersuchungen über die Feinstruktur der Blaualgenzellen. Z. Naturf. B 16, 825.Google Scholar
  359. Hahn, F. E., M. Schaechter, W. S. Ceglowski, H. E. Iiopps, and J. Cpak, 1957: Interrelationships between nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis. I. Synthesis and fate of bacterial nucleic acids during exposure to and recovery from the action of chloramphenicol. Biochim. biophys. Acta 26, 469.Google Scholar
  360. Hahn, F. E., and A. D. Wolfe, 1962: Mode of action of chloramphenicol. VIII. Resemblance between labile chloramphenicol RNA and DNA of Bacillus cereus, Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun, 6, 464.Google Scholar
  361. Hale, C. M. F., 1954: Short note on the production of nuclear artifacts resembling mitotic figures in microorganisms by treatment with organic solvents. Exp. Cell Res. 6, 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  362. Hale, C. M. F., 1958: The simultaneous demonstration of cellular structure and flagella in bacteria. Lab. Practice 7, 361Google Scholar
  363. Hall, B. D., M. Green, A. P. Nygaard, and J. Boezi, 1963: The copying of DNA in T2-infected E. Coli. Cold Spring Harbor Sympos. quant. Biol. 28, 201.Google Scholar
  364. Hall, W. T., and G. Claus, 1963: Ultrastructural studies on the blue-green algal symbiont in Cyanophora paradoxaKor. J. Cell Biol. 19, 551.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  365. Halvorson, H. O., 1997: Developmental stages during outgrowth of bacterial spores. Sympos. Molec. and Cellul. Aspects of Differentiation and Morphogenesis I, Amcr. Soc. Microbiol. 67th Annu. Meetg.Google Scholar
  366. Hammarsten, E., 1924: Zur Kenntnis der biologischen Bedeutung der Nucleinsäureverbindungen. Biochem. Z. 144, 383.Google Scholar
  367. Hanawalt, P. C., 1963: Involvement of synthesis of RNA in thymineless death. Nature 198, 286.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  368. Hanawalt, P. C., 1966: The UV sensitivity of bacteria: Its relation to the DNA replication cycle. Photochem. and Photobiol. 5, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  369. Hanawalt, P. C., O. Maaloe, D. J. Cummings, and M. Schaechter, 1961: The normal DNA replication cycle H. J. molec. Biol. 3, 156.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  370. Hanawalt, P. C., and D. S. Ray, 1964: Isolation of the growing point in the bacterial chromosome. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 52, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  371. Hanawalt, P. C., and R. Wax, 1964: Transcription of an repressed gene: Evidence that it requires DNA replication. Science 145, 1061.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  372. Harold, F. M., and Z. Z. Ziporin, 1958: The relationship between the synthesis of DNA and protein in Escherichia colitreated with sulfur mustard. Biochim. biophys. Acta 28, 492.Google Scholar
  373. Harold, F. M., and Z. Z. Ziporin, 1959: Synthesis of protein and DNA in Escherichia coliirradiated with ultraviolet light. Biochim. biophys. Acta 29, 439.Google Scholar
  374. Hartman, P. E., and J. J. Payne, 1954: Direct staining of the two types of nucleoproteins in E. coli. J. Bact. 68, 237.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  375. Hartmann, Max, 1911: Die Konstitution der Protistenkerne and ihre Bedeutung für die Zellenlehre. Jena: Fischer.Google Scholar
  376. Hartmann, Max, 1953: Allgemeine Biologie. 4. ed. Stuttgart: Fischer.Google Scholar
  377. Hashimoto, T., and P. Gerhardt, 1960: Monochromatic ultraviolet microscopy of microorganisms: Preliminary observations on bacterial spores. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 7, 195.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  378. Hashimoto, T., and H. B. Naylor, 1958: Studies of the fine structure of microorganisms. H Electron microscopic studies on sporulation of Clostridium sporogenes. J. Bact. 75, 647.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  379. Haupt, A. W., 1923: Cell structure and cell division in the Cyanophyceae. Bot. Gaz, 75, 170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  380. Hayashi, M., 1965: A DNA-RNA complex as an intermediate of in vitrogenetic transcription. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 1736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  381. Hayashi, M., M. N. Hayashi, and S. Spiegelman, 1963a: Restriction of in vivogenetic transcription to one of the complementary strands of DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 50, 664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  382. Hayashi, M., M. N. Hayashi, and S. Spiegelman, 1964: DNA circularity and the mechanism of strand selection in the generation of genetic messages. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51, 351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  383. Hayashi, M., S. Spiegelman, N. C. Franklin, and S. E. Furia, 1963b: Separation of the RNA message transcribed in response to a specific inducer. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 49, 729.Google Scholar
  384. Hayashi, M. N., and M. Hayashi, 1966: Participation of a DNA-RNA hybrid complex in in vivogenetic transcription. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 55, 635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  385. Haves, W., 1953: Observations on a transmissible agent determining sexual differentiation in Bacterium coli. J. gen. Microbiol. 8, 72.Google Scholar
  386. Haves, W., 1964: The genetics of bacteria and their viruses, studies in basic genetics and molecular biology. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
  387. Hedén, C.-G., 1951: Studies of the infection of E. coliwith the bacteriophage T 2. Acta path. microbiol. stand. Suppl. 88.Google Scholar
  388. Hegler, R., 1901: Untersuchungen über die Organisation der Phycochromaceenzellen. Jahrb_ wiss. Bot. 36, 229.Google Scholar
  389. Helmstetter, C. E., 1957: Rate of DNA synthesis during the division cycle of Escherichia coliB/r. J. molec. Biol. 24, 417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  390. Helmstetter, C. E., and S. Cooper, 1967: Rate of DNA synthesis during the division cycle of rapidly growing Escherichia coliB/r. Bact. Proc., 57.Google Scholar
  391. Helmstetter, C. E., and D. J. Cummings, 1964: An improved method for the selection of bacterial cells at division, Biochim. biophys. Acta 82, 608.Google Scholar
  392. Iierbst, E. J., R. H. Weaver, and D. C. Keister, 1958: The Gram reaction and cell composition: diamines and polyamines. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 75, 171.Google Scholar
  393. Herbst, F., 1952: Strahlenbiologische and cytologisdie Untersuchungen an Blaualgen, Diss. phil. Fak. Univ. Köln, 1952.Google Scholar
  394. Herman, R. K., and F. Forro, Jr., 1994: Autoradiographic study of transfer of DNA during bacterial conjugation. Biophys. J. 4, 335.Google Scholar
  395. Hershey, A. D., and E. Burg, 1965: Complementary structure of interacting sites and the ends of lambda DNA molecules. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 53, 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  396. Hershey, A. D., and L. Ingraham, 1963: Cohesion of DNA molecules isolated from phage lambda. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 49, 748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  397. Hershey, A. D., A. Garen, D. K. Fraser, and J. D. Hudis, 1954:. Growth and inheritance in bacteriophage. Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Yearbook 53, 210.Google Scholar
  398. Hershey, A. D., and N. E. Melechen, 1957: Synthesis of phage-precursor nucleic acid in the presence of chloramphenicol. Virology 3, 207.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  399. Hertwig, R., 1902: Die Protozoen and die Zelltheorie. Arch. Protistenk. 1, 1.Google Scholar
  400. Heumann, W., 1956: Der Sexualzyklus sternbildender Bakterien. Arch. Mikrobiol. 24, 362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  401. Heumann, W., 1960a: Versuche zur Rekombination sternbildender Bakterien. Naturwiss. 47, 330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  402. Heumann, W., 1960b: Kreuzungsversuche mit sternbildenden Bakterien. Arch. Mikrobiol. 36, 244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  403. Heumann, W., 1962a: Das genetische Verhalten sternbildender Bakterien. Naturwiss. 49, 430.Google Scholar
  404. Heumann, W., 1962b: Genetische Untersuchungen sternbildender Bakterien. Z. Vererbungsl. 93, 441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  405. Heumann, W., 1963: Genetische Untersuchungen von Bodenbakterien. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 191, 426.Google Scholar
  406. Heumann, W., and Ruth Marx, 1964: Feinstruktur and Funktion der Fimbrien bei dem stern bildenden Bakterium Pseudomonas ediinoides. Arch. Mikrobiol. 47, 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  407. Hewitt, R., and D. Billen, 1965: Reorientation of chromosome replication after exposure to ultraviolet light of Escherichia colt. J. mol. Biol. 13, 40.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  408. Hian, S., 1965: Effects of cupric ions on thermal denaturation of nucleic acids. J. molec. Biol. 11, 672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  409. Hicxman, D. D., and A. W. Frenkel, 1959: The structure of Rhodospirillum rubruln. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 6, 277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  410. Hieronymus, G., 1892: Beiträge zur Morphologie and Biologie der Algen. Cohn’s Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 5, 461.Google Scholar
  411. Higashi, N., 1959: Electron microscopic studies on the organization in the bacterial cell and on the intracellular rickettsial cell. Annu. Rept. Inst. Virus Res. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B 2, 167.Google Scholar
  412. Hill, L. R., 1966: An index to deoxyribonucleic acid hase compositions of bacterial species. J. gen. Microbiol. 44, 419.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  413. Hillier, J., S. Munn, and A. G. Smith, 1949: Internal structure and nuclei in cells of Esc.erich.ia coltas shown by improved electron microscope techniques. J. Bact. 57, 319.Google Scholar
  414. Hirano, T., 1959: in Japanese (Cytological studies of bacteria III. Nucleus and autogamy in Bacillus megaterium). Jap. J. Genet. 34, 88.Google Scholar
  415. Hirano, T., 1961: Observation of nuclear fusion in living cells of Bacillus megateriuln. Antonio v. Leeuwenhoek 27, 457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  416. I-Iirota, Y., 1960: The effect of acridine dyes on mating type factors in E. colt. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46, 57.Google Scholar
  417. Hirsch, P. and S. F. Conti, 1964: Biology of budding bacteria I. Enrichment, isolation and morphology of H,yphomicrobiumspp. Arch. Mikrobiol. 48, 339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  418. Hoeniger, Judith F. M., 1966: Cellular changes accompanying the swarming of Proteus mirabilisII. Observations of stained organisms. Cana.d. J. Microbiol. 12, 113.Google Scholar
  419. Hoeniger, Judith F. M., and P. F. Stuart, 1967: Cytology of spore formation in Clostridium perfringenstype D. Bact. Proc., 28.Google Scholar
  420. Hoffman. H., 1951: Cytochemistry of bacterial nuclear structures. J. Bact. 62. 561.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  421. Hoffmann-Berling, H., D. A. Marvin and H. Durwald, 1963: Ein fädiger DNS-Pliage (fd) and ein sphärischer RNS-Phage (fr) wirtsspezifisch für männliche Stämme von E. coli. 1. Präparation and chemische Eigenschaften von fd and fr. Z. Naturf. B 18, 876.Google Scholar
  422. Hoffmann-Berling, H., and R. Maze, 1964: Release of male-specific bacteriophages from surviving host bacteria. Virology 22, 305.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  423. Iiollande, Mme G., 1962: Essai d’interprétation de la structure des bactéries d’après les diverses conceptions des auteurs. Arch. Protistenk, 106, 101.Google Scholar
  424. Hollom, S., and R. H. Pritchard, 1965: Effect of inhibition of DNA synthesis in mating on E. coliK 12. Genet. Res. 6, 479.Google Scholar
  425. Holloway, B. W., 1955: Genetic recombination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. gen. Microbiol. 13, 572.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  426. Holloway, B. W., 1956: Self-fertility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. gen. Microbiol. 15, 221.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  427. Holloway, B. W., and B. Fargie, 1960: Fertility factor and genetic linkage in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bact. 80, 362.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  428. Holloway, B. W., and P. A. Jennrngs, 1958: An infectious fertility factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nature 181, 855.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  429. Horwoon, D. A., 1959: Linkage and the mechanism of recombination in Strepto-myces coelicolor. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 81, 887.Google Scholar
  430. Horwoon, D. A., 1960: Phase-contrast observations on Streptomyces coelicolor. J. gen. Microbiol. 22, 295.Google Scholar
  431. Horwoon, D. A., 1967: Genetic analysis and genome structure in Streptomyces coelicolor. I3act. Rev. 31, 373.Google Scholar
  432. Horwoon, D. A., and Audrey M. Glauert. 1960a: Observations on the chromatinic bodies of Streptomyces coelicolor. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 8, 257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  433. Horwoon, D. A., 1960b: The fine structure of Streptomyces coelicolor. Il. The nuclear material. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 8, 267.Google Scholar
  434. Horwoon, D. A., 1960c: The fine structure of the nuclear material of a blue-green alga. Anabaena cylindricaLemm. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 8, 813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  435. Horvath, Y., 1963: IIeterocaryosis and recombination in Streptomycetes. Excerpta med., Int. Congr. Ser., No. 59, 78.Google Scholar
  436. Huang, S. L., and G. Felsenfeld, 1960: Solubility of complexes of polynucleotides with spermine. Nature 188, 301.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  437. Huebschman, C. 1952: A method for varying the average number of nuclei in the conidia of Neurosporn crassa. Mycologia 44, 599.Google Scholar
  438. Hunter, M. E., and E. D. De Lamater, 1955: Further observations on the bacterial spore nucleus. J. Bact. 69, 108.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  439. Hurst, A., and D. Taylor, 1965: Growth inhibition of Escherichia coliby some basic proteins prepared from the saine strain. Nature 207, 438.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  440. Huxley, H. E., and G. Zubay, 1961: Preferential staining of nucleic acid-containing structures for electron microscopy. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 11, 273.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  441. Imshenetsky, A. A., and V. V. Alferov, 1962: Electron microscopic study of the nuclei in a Soraagium species. J. gen. Microbiol. 27, 391.Google Scholar
  442. Isiiibashi, M., 1966: Effect of thymine starvation on chromosome transfer during conjugation in Escherichia coli. Jai). J. Genet. 41, 75.Google Scholar
  443. Jackson, B., and F. L Dessau, 1955: Streptococcal desoxyribonuclease for the removal of Feulgan-stainable material. Stain Technol. 30, 9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  444. Jacob, F., and S. Brenner, 1963: Sur la régulation de la synthèse du DNA chez les bactéries: l’hypothèse du réplicon. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 256, 298.Google Scholar
  445. Jacob, F., and F. Cuzin, 1963: On the regulation of DNA replication in bacteria. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 28, 329.Google Scholar
  446. Jacob, F., and J. Monod, 1961: On the regulation of the gene activity. Cold Spr. Harb. Syrup. quant. Biol. 26, 193.Google Scholar
  447. Jacob, F., and J. Monod, 1963: Elements of regulatory circuits in bacteria. UNESCO Sympos. biol. Org., New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  448. Jacob, F., Antoinette Titter, and F. Cuzin, 1966: On the association between DNA and membrane in bacteria. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 164, 267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  449. Jacob, F., P. Schaeffer, and E. L. Wollman, 1960: Episomic elements in bacteria. Sympos. Soc. Gen. Microbiol., Cambridge: University Press 10, 67.Google Scholar
  450. Jacob, F., and E. L. Wollman, 1958: Les épisomes, éléments génétiques ajoutés. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 247, 154.Google Scholar
  451. Jacob, F., 1961: Sexuality and the genetics of bacteria. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
  452. Jacobson, W., and M. Webb, 1952: The two nucleoproteins during mitosis. Exp. Cell Res. 3, 163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  453. Jakob, Hedwig, 1950: Influence de la colchicine sur le développement de certaines algues d’eau douce. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 230, 1203.Google Scholar
  454. Johnson, C., 1912: The morphology and reactions of Bacillus megatherium. Cbl. Bakt. II 35, 209.Google Scholar
  455. Johnson, F. H., and D. H. Gray, 1949: Nuclei and large bodies of luminous bacteria in relation to salt concentration, osmotic pressure, temperature and urethane. J. Bact. 58, 675.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  456. Johnson, T. B., and E. B. Brown, 1922: The preparation of nucleic acid from the nucleoprotein of tubercle bacilli. The pyrimidines contained in tuberculinic acid. J. biol. Chem. 54, 721, 731.Google Scholar
  457. Jordan, D. C., and I. Grinyer, 1965: Electron microscopy of the bacteroids and root nodules of Lupinus luteus. Canad. J. Microbiol. 11, 721.Google Scholar
  458. Jordan, D. O., 1951: Physicochemical properties of the nucleic acids. Progr. Biophys. 2, 51.Google Scholar
  459. Joset, F., B. Low, and R. Kriscn, 1964: Induction by radiation of a new direction of chromosome transfer during conjugation in an Hfr strain of Esdzeridtia cols. Biochem, biophys. Res. Commun. 17, 742.Google Scholar
  460. Jyssum, K., 1965: Polarity of chromosome replication in Neisseria meningitidis. J. Batt. 90, 1182.Google Scholar
  461. Jyssum, K., and S. Lie, 1965: Genetic factors as determining competence in transformation of Neisseria meningitidisI. A permanent loss of competence. Acta path. microbiol. stand. 63, 306.Google Scholar
  462. Kadoya, M., H. Mitsui, Y. Takagi, E. Otaka, H. Suzuki, and S. Osawa, 1964: Odeoxyribonucleic acid-protein complex having DNA-polymerase and RNA-polymerase activities in cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta 91, 36.Google Scholar
  463. Kaiser. A. D., 1965: Cohesion and the biological activity of bacteriophage lambda DNA. J. molec. Biol. 13, 78.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  464. Kanazir, D., and M. Errera, 1959: Alterations of intracellular deoxyribonucleic acid and their biological consequence. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 21, 19.Google Scholar
  465. Kanemasa, Y., 1962: Selective staining of cytoplasmic membrane and nuclear apparatus of bacteria. Acta med. Okayama 16, 33.Google Scholar
  466. Katz, S., 1993: The reversible reaction of Hg(II) and double-stranded polynucleo-tides. A step-function theory and its significance. Biochim. biophys. Acta 68, 240.Google Scholar
  467. Kawata, T., 1958: Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of !lficrococcus lysodeikticus. Yonago Acta med. 3, 32.Google Scholar
  468. Kawata, T., 1961: Electron microscopy of the fine structure of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, with special reference to the intracytoplasmic membrane system. Jap. J. Microbic)]. 5, 441.Google Scholar
  469. Kawata, T., T. Inoue, and A. Takagi, 1963: Electron microscopy of spore formation and germination in Bacillus subtilis. Jap. J. Microbiol. 7, 23.Google Scholar
  470. Kaye, A. M., R. Salomon, and B. Fridlender, 1997: Base composition and presence of methylated bases in DNA from a blue-green alga, Plectonema boryanum. j. molec. Biol. 24, 479.Google Scholar
  471. Kawata, T., 1951/52: Die Einflüsse verschiedener Priiparationsmethoden auf E. coil B. Z. Wiss. Mikrosk. 60, 408.Google Scholar
  472. Kawata, T., 1952a: Les transformations des nucléoides de E. coliprovoquées par les rayons ultra-violets. Experientia 8, 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  473. Kawata, T., 1952b: Les nucléoides de Escherichia coliétudiés à l’aide du microscope électronique. Experientia 8, 99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  474. Kawata, T., 1960: The physical state of the bacterial nucleus, in: Contributions to Microbial Genetics, 10th Sympos. Soc. Gen. Microbiol., Cambridge: University Press, 39.Google Scholar
  475. Kawata, T., 1961: Vegetative bacteriophage and the maturation of the virus particle. Adv. Virus Res. 8, 1.Google Scholar
  476. Kawata, T., 1962: The study of natural and artificial DNA plasms by thin sections, in: The Interpretation of Ultrastructure. First Sympos, Int. Soc. Cell Biol. New York: Academic Press, 233.Google Scholar
  477. Kawata, T., 1963: Organization of the genetic material in phage, bacteria and dinoflagellates, in: Genetics Today, Symposia held at the 11th Int. Congr. Genetics, s’Gravenhage, Oxford: Pergamon Press, vol. 2 of Proceedings, 309.Google Scholar
  478. Kawata, T., K. G. Lark, and A. Bolle, 1962: Amino acid dependent control of DNA synthesis in bacteria and vegetative phage. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 48, 1860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  479. Kawata, T., and Antoinette Ryter, 1955: Contribution à l’étude du noyau bactérien. Schweiz. Z. allg. Path. 18, 1122.Google Scholar
  480. Kawata, T., and Antoinette Ryter, 1956: Fixation and inclusion du matériel nucléaire de Escherichia coli. Experientia 12, 420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  481. Kawata, T., and Janine Szcnnud, 1958a: Electron microscope study of DNA-containing plasms II. Vegetative and mature phage DNA as compared with normal bacterial nucleoids in different physiological states. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 4, 671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  482. Kawata, T., Janine Slghaud and Antoinette Ryter, 1958b: Das Nucleoplasma der Bacteriennucleoide verglichen mit der DNS von vegetativen and reifen Phagen. 4. Int. Congr. Elektronenmikroskopie, Berlin: Springer 2, 212.Google Scholar
  483. Kellenberger, Grete, and E. Kellenberger, 1956: 1.tude de souches colicinogenes au microscope ülectronique. Schweiz. Z. allg. Path. 19, 582.Google Scholar
  484. Kellenberger, Grete, and E. Kellenberger, 1956: 1.tude de souches colicinogenes au microscope ülectronique. Schweiz. Z. allg. Path. 19, 582.Google Scholar
  485. Kelly, M. S., and R. H. Pritchard, 1965: Unstable linkage between genetic markers in transformation. J. Bact. 89, 1314.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  486. Kidson, C., 1966: Deoxyribonucleic acid secondary structure in the region of the replication point. J. molec. Biol. 17, 1.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  487. Kim, Kiian, 1966: Properties and distribution of intracellular putrescine in a Pseudomonas. J. Baut. 91, 193.Google Scholar
  488. Kinosiiita, S., and S. Itagaki, 1959: Studies on the nucleus of the spare in StreptomycesT, II. Bot. Mag. 71, 335.Google Scholar
  489. Kjeldgaard, N. O., 1961: The kinetics of ribonucleic acid-and protein formation in Salmonella typhimuriumduring the transition between different states of balanced growth. Biochim. biophys. Acta 49, 64.Google Scholar
  490. Kjeldgaard, N. O., O. Maaloe, and M. Schaechter, 1958: The transition between different physiological states during balanced growth of Salmonella typhimurium. J. gen. Microbiol. 19, 607.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  491. Kleinscim1dt, A., M. Gehatia, and R. K. Zahn, 1960a: fiber die molekulare Morphologic von Desoxyribonucleinsüuren. Kolloid-Z. 169, 156.Google Scholar
  492. Kleinscimldt, A., D. Lang, and R. K. Zahn, 1960b: Darstellung molekularer Fäden von Desoxyribonucleinsäuren. Naturwissenschaften 47, 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  493. Kleinscim1dt, A., D. Lang, and R. K. Zahn, 1961: über die intrazellulüre Formation von Bakterien-DNS. Z. Naturf. 16b, 730.Google Scholar
  494. Klieneberger-Nobel, Emmy, 1945: Changes in the nuclear structure of bacteria. particularly during spore formation. J. Hyg. 44, 99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  495. Klieneberger-Nobel, Emmy, 1947a: Time life-cycle of sporing Actinomycesas revealed by a study of their structure and septation. J. gen. Microbiol. 1, 22.Google Scholar
  496. Klieneberger-Nobel, Emmy, 1947b: A cytological study of Myxococcus. J. gen. Microbiol. 1, 33.Google Scholar
  497. Klieneberger-Nobel, Emmy, 1947c: Morphological appearances of various stages in B. proteusand colt. J. Hyg. 45, 410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  498. Klieneberger-Nobel, Emmy, 1951: Filterable forms of bacteria. Bact. Rev. 15, 77.Google Scholar
  499. Knaysi, G., 1942: The demonstration of a nucleus in the cell of a staphylococcus. J. Bact. 43. 365.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  500. Knaysi, G., 1955a: The structure, composition, and behavior of the nucleus of Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 69, 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  501. Knaysi, G., 1955b: On the structure and nature of the endospore in strain C3 of Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 69, 130.Google Scholar
  502. Knaysi, G., and R. F. Baker, 1947: Demonstration, with the electron microscope, of a nucleus in Bacillus mycoidesgrown in a nitrogen-free medium. J. Bact. 53, 539.Google Scholar
  503. Knaysi, G., I. Hillier, and C. Fabricant, 1951: The cytology of an avian strain of 31ycobacterium tuberculosisstudied with the electron and light microscope. J. Baut. 60, 423.Google Scholar
  504. Knöll, H., 1944: Zeiss-Nachr, 5, 38 (cited after Knöll and Zapf, 1952 ).Google Scholar
  505. Knöll, H., and K. Zapf, 1952: Untersuchungen zum Problem des Bakterienzellkerns, I. Mitteilung. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 157, 389.Google Scholar
  506. Knöll, H., and K. Zapf, 1954: Untersuchungen zum Problem des Bakterienzellkerns, Il. Mitteilung. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 161, 241.Google Scholar
  507. Knösel, D., 1963: Karvologische Untersuchungen an sternbildenden Bakterien vermittels Färbe-and enzymatischer Verfahren, phasen-and elektronenoptisch. Zbl. Bakt., lI. Abt. 116, 113.Google Scholar
  508. Kohiyama, M., H. Lamfrom, S. Brenner and F. Jacob, 1963: Modifications de functions indispensables chez les mutants thermosensibles d’Esdzerichia coli. Sur une mutation cmpèchant la replication du chromosome bactérien. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 257, 1979.Google Scholar
  509. Kohl, F. G., 1903: Über die Organisation and Physiologie der Cyanophyceenzelle and die mitotische Teilung ihres Kerns. Jena: Fischer.Google Scholar
  510. Kran, K., 1962: Cytologische Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung der Phagen T 2 and T 7 von Esdi.erichia coli. Arch. Mikrobiol. 44. 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  511. Kran, K., and F. W. Schlote, 1959: Zur Darstellung des chromosomalen Materials in Bakterien. Arch. Mikrobiol. 34, 412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  512. Kran, K., and T. G. Schlegel, 1963: Cytologische Untersuchungen an Chromatium okeniiPerty. Naturwissenschaften 50, 728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  513. Krieg, A., 1953: Fluoreszenzmikroskopischer Nachweis von Kernäquivalenten in Bakterien. Naturwissenschaften 40, 414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  514. Krieg, A., 1954a: Zur Zytologie and Enzymatik der Bakterien. Z. Naturf. B 9, 342.Google Scholar
  515. Krieg, A., 1954b: Existiert ein Nuclear-System in Bakterien ? Zbl. Bakt., 1. Abt. Orig. 161, 212.Google Scholar
  516. Krieg, A., 1954c: Nachweis kernäugivalenter Strukturen bei Bakterien in vivo, I—IV, Z. Hyg. 138, 357, 530; 139, 61, 64.Google Scholar
  517. Krieg, A., 1954d: Mikroskopische Untersudiungen in vivoan Azotobacter-Zellen. Naturwissenschaften 41, 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  518. Krieg, A., 1954e: Nachweis von Kernäquivalenten in Zyanophyzeen. Experientia 10, 204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  519. Kriscn, R. E., 1965: Effects of radioactive phosphorus decay on genetic recombina- tion in E. coll. K 12. Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania U., Univ. Microfilm No. 65–1374.Google Scholar
  520. Kriscn, R. E., and M. J. Kvetkas, 1966: Inhibition of bacterial mating by amino acid deprivation. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 22, 707.Google Scholar
  521. Kruis, K., 1913: Mikrophotographie der Strukturen lebender Organismen, insbesondere der Bakterienkerne mit ultraviolettemn Licht. Bull. int. de l’Acad. Sci. de Bohüme.Google Scholar
  522. Kubitschek, H. E., 1966: Mutation without segregation in bacteria with reduced dark repair ability. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 55, 269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  523. Kubitschek, H. E., H. E. Bendickeit, and M. R. Loken, 1967: Onset of DNA synthesis in chemostat cultures of bacteria. Bact. Proc., 57.Google Scholar
  524. Kuempel, P. L., M. Masters, and A. B, Pardee, 1965: Bursts of enzyme synthesis in the bacterial duplication cycle. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 18, 858.Google Scholar
  525. Kuempel, P. L., and A. B, Pardee, 1963: The cycle of bacterial duplication. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 62, pt. II, suppl. 1, 1. 5.Google Scholar
  526. Küllwein, II., and W. Rossner, 1963: Der,.Zellkern“ bei Myxobakterien. Naturwissenschaften 50, 339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  527. Kumar, H. D., 1962: Apparent genetic recombination in a blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. Nature 196, 1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  528. Kumar, H. D., 1964: Effects of radiations on blue-green algae H. Effects on growth. Ann. But. (London) 28, 555.Google Scholar
  529. Kumar, H. D., 1965: Effects of certain toxic chemicals and mutagens on the growth of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. Canad. J.ot. 43, 1523.Google Scholar
  530. Kumar, H. D., 1966: Some experiments on the induction of nutritionally-deficient mutants in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. Advancing Frontiers of Plant Sci. (India) 14, 133.Google Scholar
  531. Kumar, H. D., H. N. Sincn, and G. Prakash, 1967: The effect of proflavine on different strains of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. Plant and Cell Physiol. 8, 171.Google Scholar
  532. Kurland. C. G., M. Nomura. and J. D. Watson, 1962: The physical properties of the chloromvicetin particles. J. molec. Biol. 4, 388.Google Scholar
  533. Kusunarev, V. M., 1959: in Russian (Study of modifications of the bacterial cell during the preparation of ultra-thin sections). Mikrobiologija (Moscow) 28, 819.Google Scholar
  534. Lacks, S., 1962: Molecular fate of DNA in genetic transformation in pneumococcus. J. molec. Biol. 5, 119.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  535. Landman, O. E., and H. S. Gixoza, 1961a: Genetic nature of stable L forms of Salmonella paratyphi. J. Bact. 81, 875.Google Scholar
  536. Landman, O. E., and H. S. Gixoza, 1961b: Cytoplasmic and nuclear control of cell division and cell wall formation in bacteria. Genetics 46, 877.Google Scholar
  537. Lanc, D., and A. K. Kleinschmidt, 1964: Elektronenmikroskopische Darstellung, Längenverteilung and Konfiguration einsträngiger Desoxv ribonucleinsäure im Cytochrom-c-Film. Biophysik 2, 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  538. Lanc, D., and R. K. Zahn, 1964: Konfiguration and Längenverteilung von DNA-Molekülen in Liisung. Biochim. biophys. Acta 88, 142.Google Scholar
  539. Lark, Cynthia, 1966: Regulation of DNA synthesis in Esc.erithia colt: dependence of growth rates. Biochim. biophys. Acta 119, 517.Google Scholar
  540. Lark, Cynthia, and K. G. Tark, 1962: Cyclic deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis induced in Escherithia coltfollowing the addition of ribonucleotides to the growth medium. Biochim. biophys. Acta 55, 401.Google Scholar
  541. Lark, Cynthia, 1964: Evidence of two distinct aspects of the mechanism regulating chromosome replication in Escherithia colt. J. molec. Biol. 10, 120.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  542. Lark, K. G., 1960: Studies on the mechanism regulating periodic DNA synthesis in synchronized cultures of Alkaligenes fecalis. Biochim. biophys. Acta 45, 121.Google Scholar
  543. Lark, K. G., 1961: Variation in bacterial acid-soluble deoxyribonucleotides during discontinuous deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Biochim. biophys. Acta 51. 107.Google Scholar
  544. Lark, K. G., 1963: Cellular control of DNA biosynthesis, in: Molecular Genetics, J. H. Taylor ed., New York: Academic Press, 1, 153.Google Scholar
  545. Lark, K. G., 1966: Regulation of chromosome replication and segregation in bacteria. Batt. Rev. 30, 3.Google Scholar
  546. Lark, K. G., and R. E. Bird, 1965a: Segregation of the conserved units of DNA in Escherichia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 1444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  547. Lark, K. G., and R. E. Bird, 1965b: Premature chromosome replication induced by thymine starvation: restriction of replication to one of the two partially completed replicas. J. molec, Biol. 13, 607.Google Scholar
  548. Lark, K. G., and Cynthia Lark, 1965: Regulation of chromosome replication in Escheridzia coli: alternate replication of two chromosomes at slow growth rate. J. molec. Biol. 13, 105.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  549. Lark, K. G., O. Maalee, and O. Rostock. 1955: Cytological studies of nuclear division in Salmonella t, phimurium. J. gen. Microbiol. 13, 318.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  550. T. Repko, and E. J. Hoffman, 1963: The effect of amino acid deprivation on subsequent deoxyribonucleic acid replication. Biochim. biophys. Acta 76, 9.Google Scholar
  551. Lazaroff, N., and W. Visiiniac, 1962: The participation of filament anastomosis in the developmental cycle of Nostoc muscorum, a blue-green alga. J. gen. Microbiol. 28, 203.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  552. Lea, D. E., 1955: Action of radiations on living cells, 2nd ed., Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
  553. Leak, L. V., 1964: Ultrastructure of a blue-green alga, Anabaena sp., and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the nucleoplasmic areas. J. Cell Biol. 23, No. 2, 53 A.Google Scholar
  554. Leak, L. V., 1965: Electron microscopic autoradiography incorporation of 3H-thymidine in a blue-green -alga, Anabaenasp. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 12, 135.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  555. Leak, L. V., and G. B. Wilson, 1965: Electron microscopic observations on a blue-green alga, Anabaenasp. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 7, 237.Google Scholar
  556. Lederberg, J., 1949: Aberrant heterozygotes in Esdzerichia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 35, 178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  557. Lederberg, J., 1952: Cell genetics and hereditary symbiosis. Physiol. Rev. 32, 403.Google Scholar
  558. Lederberg, J., 1956: Bacterial protoplasts induced by penicillin. Proc. nat. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 42, 574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  559. Lederberg, J., 1957/58: Bacterial reproduction. Harvey Lectures 69.Google Scholar
  560. Lederberg, J., 1938: Extranuclear transmission of the F compatibility factor in E. coli. 7thInt. Congr. Microbiol. Stockholm, Abets., 59.Google Scholar
  561. L. L. Cavalli, and E. M. Lederberg, 1952: Sex compatibility in E. coli. Genetics 37, 720.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  562. L. L. Cavalli, and J. ST.Clair, 1958: Protoplast and L-type growth in E. coli. J. Bact. 75, 143.Google Scholar
  563. Lee, Sybil, 1927: Cytological study of Stigonema mammillosum. Bot. Gaz. 83, 420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  564. Lee, Sybil, 1960: Fixation -of E. colispheroplasts for electron microscopy. Exp. Cell Res. 21, 252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  565. Lessler, M. A., 1953: The nature and specificity of the Feulgen nucleal reaction. IIlt. Rev. Cytol. 2, 231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  566. Levinthal, C., and H. R. Crane, 1956: On the unwinding of DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 42, 436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  567. Levinthal, C., D. P. Fan, A. Higa, and R. A. Zimmermann, 1963: The decay and protection of messenger RNA in bacteria. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp, quant. Biol. 28, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  568. Liebermeister, K., 1960: Morphology of the PPLO and L forms of Proteus. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 79, 326.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  569. Liquori, A. M., H Costantino, V. Crescenzi, V. Elia, E. Giglio, R. Pulitt, M. De Santis Savin0, and V. Vitagliano, 1967: Complexes between DNA and polyamines: a molecular model. J. molec. Biol. 24, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  570. Loutit, J. S., and L. E. Pearce, 1965: Kinetics of mating of FP+ and FP-strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bact. 90, 425.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  571. LURIA, S. E., and M. L. I-IuMAN, 1950: Chromatin staining of bacteria during bacteriophage infection. J. Bact. 59, 551.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  572. Luzzatti, Denise, 1966: Effect of thymine starvation on messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escheridzia coli. J. Bact. 92, 1435.Google Scholar
  573. Maalee, O., 1961: The control of normal DNA replication ill bacteria. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 26, 45.Google Scholar
  574. Maalee, O., 1963: Role of protein synthesis in the DNA replication cycle in bacteria. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 62, pt. II, suppl. 1, 31.Google Scholar
  575. Maalee, O., 1964: In vivoreplication of DNA. 6th Int. Congr. Biochem., New York, Abstracts I (Nucleic Acids), 17.Google Scholar
  576. Maaloe, O., and A. Birch-Andersen, 1956: On the organization of the “nuclear material” in Salmonella typhimurium, in “Bacterial Anatomy”, 6th Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol., Cambridge: University Press, 261.Google Scholar
  577. Maaloe, O., and F. S. Sjöstrand, 1954: Electron micrographs of sections of E. coltcells infected with the bacteriophage T 4. Biochim. biophys. Acta 15, 12.Google Scholar
  578. Maaloe, O., and. P. C. Hanawalt, 1961: Thymine deficiency and the normal DNA replication cycle. J. molec. Biol. 3, 144.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  579. Mccarthy, B. J., 1965: The evaluation of base sequences in polynucleotides. Progr. miel. Acid Res. mol. Biol. 4, 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  580. Mccarthy, B. J., and E. T. Bolton, 1964: Interaction of complementary RNA and DNA. J. molec. Biol. 8, 184.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  581. Mc Arty, M., and O. T. Avery, 1946: Studies on the chemical nature of the substance, inducing transformation in pneumococcal types II. Effect of desoxyribonuclease on the biological activity of the transforming substance III. An improved method for the isolation of the transforming substance and its application to Pneumococcus. J. exp. Med. 83, 89, 97.Google Scholar
  582. Mcfall, Elizabeth, and G. S. Stent, 1959: Continuous synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid in Escherichia colt. Biochim. biophys. Acta 34, 580.Google Scholar
  583. Mcgee, Z. A., M. Rogul, S. Falkow, and R. G. Wittler, 1965: The relationship of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(Eaton agent) to StreptococcusMG: Application of genetic tests to determine relatedness of L forms and PPLO to bacteria. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  584. Mcgregor, J. F., 1954: Nuclear division and the life cycle in a Streptomycessp. J. gen. Microbiol. 11, 52.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  585. Mailler, H. R., 1963: The interaction of nucleic acids with diamines. Biochim. biophys. Acta 68, 211.Google Scholar
  586. Mailler, H. R., B. D. Meiirotra, and C. W. Sharp, 1960: Effects of diamines on the thermal transition of DNA. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 4, 79.Google Scholar
  587. Maier, S., 1964: A cytological study of Thioploca ingrica Wislouch. Ph.D. Thesis, Ohio State Univ.Google Scholar
  588. Maier, S., and R. G. E. Murray, 1964: The fine structure of Thioploca ingricaand a comparison with Beggiatoa. Canad. j. Microbiol. 11, 645.Google Scholar
  589. Malatjan, M. N., 1963: in Russian (Modification of bacterial nuclei and mitochondria during development. Studies with the luminescence microscope). Mikrobiologija (Moscow) 32, 806.Google Scholar
  590. Malmgren, B., and C.-G. Hedén, 1947: Studies of the nucleotide metabolism of bacteria III. The nucleotide metabolism of the Gram-negative bacteria. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 24, 448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  591. Malmon, A. G., 1967: High resolution isotope tracing using induced nuclear reactions. Int. Conf. Use radioact. Isotopes in Pharmacology, Genève. Bruxelles: Presses Acad. Européennes.Google Scholar
  592. Mandel, M., and D. B. Rowley, 1963: Configuration and base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from spores of Bacillus sublilisvar. niger. J. Bact. 85, 1443.Google Scholar
  593. Marcovicii, H., 1961: Recherches sur le mécanisme de l’action des rayons X chez Escherichia coltK 12 au moyen de la recombination génétique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 101, 660.Google Scholar
  594. Marmur, J., 1960: Thermal denaturation of deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from a thermophile. Biochim. biophys. Acta 38, 342.Google Scholar
  595. Marmur, J., 1963: New approaches to bacterial taxonomy. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 17, 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  596. Marmur, J., and P. Doty, 1961: Thermal renaturation of deoxyribonucleic acids. J. molec. Biol. 3, 585.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  597. Marmur, J., and C. M. Greenspan, 1963: Transcription in vivoof DNA from bacteriophage. Science 142, 387.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  598. Marmur, J., E. Palecek, F. M. Kahan, J. Levine, and M. Mandel, 1963: Specificity of the complementary RNA formed by Bacillus subtilisinfected with bacteriophage SP 8. Cold Spr. IIarb. Symp. quant. Biol. 28, 191.Google Scholar
  599. Marmur, J., and D. Lane, 1960: Strand separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic acids: biological studies. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46, 453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  600. Marmur, J., R. Rownd, S. Falkow, L. S. Baron, C. Schildkraut, and P. Doty, 1961a: The nature of intergeneric episomal infection. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47, 972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  601. Marmur, J., C. L. Schildkraut, and P. Doty, 1961b: The reversible denaturation of DNA and its use in studies of nucleic acid homologies and the biological relatedness of microorganisms. J. Chim. phys. Phys.-chim. biol. 58, 945.Google Scholar
  602. Marshak, A. 1951a: Chromosome structure in Escherichia colt. Exp. Cell Res. 2, 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  603. Marshak, A. 1951b: Structures in E. coltresembling chromonemata. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 37, 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  604. Martin, D., and F. Jacob, 1962: Transfer de l’épisome sexuel d’Escherichia colt à Pasteurella pestis. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 254, 3589.Google Scholar
  605. Maruyama, Y., 1965: Biochemical aspects of the cell growth of Escherichia coltas studied by the method of synchronous culture. J. Bact. 72, 821.Google Scholar
  606. Maruyama, Y., and K. G. Lark, 1961: Periodic synthesis of bacterial nucleic acids in the absence of protein synthesis. Exp. Cell Res. 25, 161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  607. Martin, D. A., and H. Hoffmann-Berling, 1963: Physical and chemical properties of two new small bacteriophages. Nature 197, 517.Google Scholar
  608. Marx, Rutii, and W. Heumann, 1963: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Feinstrukturen der Bakterienzelle. Zeiss-Mitteilungen 3, 110.Google Scholar
  609. Mason, D. J., and D. M. Powelson, 1956: Nuclear division as observed in live bacteria by a new technique. J. Bact. 71, 474.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  610. Massie, H. R., and B. H. Zimm, 1995: Molecular weight of the DNA in the chromosomes of E. coltand B. subtilis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 1636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  611. Masters, M., and W. D. Donachie, 1966: Repression and the control of cyclic enzyme synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Nature 209, 476.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  612. Masters, M., P. L. Kuempel, and A. B. Pardee, 1964: Enzyme synthesis in synchronous cultures of bacteria. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 15, 38.Google Scholar
  613. Masters, M., and A. B. Pardee, 1965: Sequence of enzyme synthesis and gene replication during the cell cycle of Bacillus subtilis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  614. Masui, M., T. Iwata, A. Ishimitsu, and Y. Umebayashi, 1962: Desoxyribonucleoprotein of halophilic Adzromobacter. Biochim. biophys. Acta 55, 384.Google Scholar
  615. Matney, T. S., E. P. Goldsciimidt, N. S. Erwin, and R. A. Scroggs, 1964: A preliminary map of genomic sites for F-attachment in Escherichia coltK 12. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 17, 278.Google Scholar
  616. Maxwell, R. E., and V. S. Nickel, 1954: Filament formation in Esdzeridzia coltinduced by azaserine and other antineoplastic agents. Science 120, 270.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  617. Mehrotra, B. D., 1964: Some studies on DNA-small ion interactions. Ph.D. Thesis Indiana U., Univ. Microfilms No. 64–12060.Google Scholar
  618. Meselson, M., and F. W. Stahl, 1958a: The replication of DNA in Escherichia colt. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 44, 671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  619. Meselson, M., and F. W. Stahl, 1958b: The replication of DNA. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 23, 9.Google Scholar
  620. Messer, W., 1963: Zur Struktur and Vermehrungsweise des Chromosoms von Escherichia colt. Z. Naturf. 18b, 385.Google Scholar
  621. Metz, A., 1958: Beiträge zur Morphologic and Biologie der Lithium-and Cäsiumformen der Salmonella paratyphi B. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 171, 461.Google Scholar
  622. Meyer, A., 1904: Orientierende Untersuchungen über Verbreitung, Morphologie and Chemie des Volutins. Bot. Ztg. 62, 113.Google Scholar
  623. Meyer, A., 1912: Die Zelle der Bakterien. Jena: G. Fischer.Google Scholar
  624. Meyer, H., 1965: Die Feinstruktur des Kernäquivalentes von Bakterien bei der „Negativfärbung“ mit Phosphowolframsäure. Naturwissenschaften 52, 437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  625. Mince, R., J.-P. Ebel and A. Mince, 1950: La choix du fixateur en cytologic bactérienne. C. R. Soc. Biol. 144, 288.Google Scholar
  626. Mince, R., and A. Mince, 1948: Le noyau des bactéries anaérobies. C. R. Soc. Biol. 142, 531.Google Scholar
  627. MOCKERIDGE, F. A., 1926: An examination of Nostocfor nuclear materials. Brit. J. exp. Biol. 4, 301.Google Scholar
  628. Moore, R. B., 1966: Survival studies on the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Texas, Austin.Google Scholar
  629. Morgan, C., H. S. Rosenkranz, and H. S. Carr, 1967: Effect of chloramphenicol on Escherichia coltas observed by the electron microscope. Bact. Proc., 111.Google Scholar
  630. Moses, M. J., 1956: Chromosomal structures in crayfish spermatocytes. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 2, 215.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  631. Motuzova, I. A., 1963: in Russian (On the fine structure of the L form of Proteus vulgaris). Mikrobiologija (Moscow) 32, 61.Google Scholar
  632. Mudd, S., and A. G. Smith, 1950: Electron and light microscopic studies of bacterial nuclei. I. Adaptation of cytological processing to electron microscopy; bacterial nuclei as vesicular structures. J. Bact. 59, 561.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  633. Munch-Petersen, A., and J. Neuhard, 1964: Studies on the acid-soluble nucleotide pool in thymine-requiring mutants of Esdzeridzia coltduring thymine starvation I. Accumulation of deoxyadenine triphosphate in Escherichia colt15 T—A—U—. Biochim. biophys. Acta 80, 542.Google Scholar
  634. Murray, R. G. E., 1953: The problem of fixation for studies of bacterial nuclei. 6th Int. Cougr. Microbiol. Roma, Sympos. Citologia Batterica ( Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità ), 136.Google Scholar
  635. Murray, R. G. E., and H. C. Douglas, 1950: The reproductive mechanism of Rhodomicrobium vannieliiand the accompanying nuclear changes. J. Batt. 59, 157.Google Scholar
  636. Nadson, G., 1895: fiber den Bau des Cyanophyceenprotoplasten. Scripta bot. St. Petersburg 4.Google Scholar
  637. Nacata, T., 1962: Polarity and synchrony in the replication of DNA molecules of bacteria. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 8, 348.Google Scholar
  638. Nacata, T., 1963a: The molecular synchrony and sequential replication of DNA in Escheridtia colt. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 49, 551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  639. Nacata, T., 1963b: The sequential replication of E. coltDNA. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 28, 55.Google Scholar
  640. Nakada, D., 1960: Involvement of newly-formed protein in the synthesis of deoxy-ribonucleic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta 44, 241.Google Scholar
  641. Nakada, D., and F. J. Ryan, 1961: Replication of deoxyribonucleic acid in non-dividing bacteria. Nature 189, 398.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  642. Nakada, D., E. Strelzoff, R. Rudner, and F. J Ryan, 1960: Is DNA replication a necessary condition for mutation? Z. Vererbungsl. 91, 210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  643. Nermut. M. V., 1959: Staining of nuclear substance in microorganisms after alkaline hydrolysis. Scripta med. (Brno) 32, 45.Google Scholar
  644. Nermut. M. V., 1962: Cytological observations on large bodies and protoplasts of bacteria. H. Nuclear equivalents and their fusion. Folia microbiol. (Praha) 7, 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  645. Neugnot, Denise, 1950: Contribution à l’étude cytochimique des Cyanophycées par application des techniques de mise en évidence de l’appareil nucléaire chez les bactéries. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 230, 1311.Google Scholar
  646. Neuhard, J.. and A. Munch-Petersen, 1966: Studies on the acid-soluble nucleotide pool in thymine-requiring mutants of Escheridtia coltduring thymine starvation. H. Changes in the amounts of deoxycytidine triphosphate and deoxyadenosine triphosphate in Escherichia coli15 TAL. Biochim, biophys. Acta 114, 61.Google Scholar
  647. Neumann, F., 1930: Die Frage nach dein Kern der Bakterien and ihre Beantwortung mit Hilfe der Nuklealfärbung. Berl. Munch. tierärzt. Wschr. 46, 101.Google Scholar
  648. Neumann, F., 1941: Untersuchungen zur Erforschung der Kernverhältnisse bei den Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., II. Abt. 103, 385.Google Scholar
  649. Nisman, B., and H. Fukuhara, 1960: Rôle de l’acide deoxyribonucléique dans la synthèse de protéine par les deux fractions enzymatiques liées à des particules do Esdzeridtia cols. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 250, 410.Google Scholar
  650. Nomura, M., and K. Hosokawa, 1965: Biosynthesis of ribosomes. Fate of chloramphenicol particles and of pulse-labeled RNA in Escherichia colt. J. molec. Biol. 12, 242.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  651. Occ, J. E., and R. D. Humphrey, 1963: Small-cell segregants from a possibly homozygous diploid strain of Escherithia colt. J. Bact. 85, 801.Google Scholar
  652. Occ, J. E., and M. R. Zelle, 1957: Isolation and characterization of a large cell possibly diploid strain of E. colt. J. Bact. 74, 477.Google Scholar
  653. Oisni, M., II. Yoshdkawa, and N. Sueoka, 1964: Synchronous and dichotomous replication of the Bacillus subtilischromosome during spore germination. Nature 204, 1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  654. Okazaki, R., T. Okazaki, and Y. Kuriki, 1959: Incorporation of ]3H]thymidine in a deoxyriboside-requiring bacterium. Biochim. biophys. Acta 33, 289.Google Scholar
  655. Okazaki, T., and R. Okazaki, 1959: Studies of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cell growth in the deoxyriboside requiring bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus. II. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in relation to ribonucleic acid synthesis and protein synthesis. Biochim. biophys. Acta 35, 434.Google Scholar
  656. Olive, E. W., 1905: Mitotic division of the nuclei of the Cyanophyceae. Bcih. Bot. Cbl. 18, 9.Google Scholar
  657. Onofrio, F. D., and G. Falcone, 1957: Sull’influenza di un agente chelante sully divisione batterica. Riv. Ist. sieroter. ital. 32, 279.Google Scholar
  658. Orskov, I., and F. Orskov, 1960: An antigen termed F+ occurring in F+ E. colistrains. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 48, 37.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  659. Ottolengitn, E., and R. D. I Otcaklss, 1960: Appearance of genetic transforming activity in pneumocoeea1 cultures. Science 132, 1257.Google Scholar
  660. Paciiler, P. F., A. L. KOCH, and M. Schaechter, 1965: Continuity of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 11, 650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  661. Painter, R. B., F. Forro Jr., and W. L. Hughes, 1958: Distribution of tritium-labelled thymidine in Escherichia coliduring cell multiplication. Nature 181, 328.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  662. Painter, R. B., and H. S. Ginoza, 1966: Some characteristics of the resistance transfer factor (RTF) episorne as determined by inactivation with tritium, P32 and gamma radiation. Biophys. J. 6, 153.Google Scholar
  663. Paxula, R., and W. Walczak, 1963: On the nature of competence of transformation in streptococci. J. gen. Microbiol. 31, 125.Google Scholar
  664. Palade, G. E., 1952: A study of fixation for electron microscopy. J. exp. Med. 95, 283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  665. Palmade, Ciiristiane, 1961: Acide düsoxyribonuclüique and des düsoxvribonuclüoprotüines bactüriennes. Thüse Fac. Sci. Univ. Strasbourg.Google Scholar
  666. Palmade, Ciiristiane, and Colette Vendrely, 1956: Sur une méthode nouvelle d’extraction de l’acide désoxyribonucléique des bactéries. C. R. Acad. Sei. (Paris) 242, 2870.Google Scholar
  667. Pankratz, H. S., and C. C. Bowen, 1963: Cytology of blue-green algae. I. The cells of Symploca muscorum. Amer. J. Bot. 50, 387.Google Scholar
  668. Pappas, G.. D., 1956: Helical structures in the nucleus of Amoeba proteus. J. biophys. biochein. Cytol. 2, 221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  669. Pardee, A. B., and L. S. Prestidge, 1956: The dependence of nucleic acid synthesis on the presence of amino acids in Escherichia colt. J. Bact. 71, 677.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  670. Park, I. W., and J. De Ley, 1967: Ancestral remnants in deoxyribonucleic acid from Pseudomonasand Xanthomonas. Antonie v. Leeuwenhoek 33, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  671. Parvis, D., 1950: Comportamento del nucleo batterieo nella Tisi di batteriofago. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 26, 1.Google Scholar
  672. Parvis, D., 1954: Sulle modificazioni provocate nei nuclei batterici dai cosiddetti „veleni mitotici“. Boll. Ist. sieroter. milan. 33, 465.Google Scholar
  673. Pauling, C., and P. Hanawalt, 1965: Non-conservative DNA replication in bacteria after thymine starvation. Proc. nat. Acad. Sei. 54, 1728.Google Scholar
  674. Payne, J, I., P. E. Iiartman, S. Mudd, and A. W. Piiillips, 1956: Cytological analysis of ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli. III. Reactions of a sensitive strain arid its resistant mutants. J. Bact. 72, 461.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  675. PERRET, C. J., 1958: The effect of growth rate on the anatomy of Escherichia coli. J. gen. Microbiol. 18. No.1, vii.Google Scholar
  676. Peshkoff, M. A., 1946: Fine structure and mechanism of division of the nuclei of the bacterium Caryophanon latum. Nature 157, 137.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  677. Peshkoff, M. A., and I. A. Motuzova, 1963: in Russian (Fine structure of M and L forms of bacteria). Mikrobiologija (Moscow) 32, 799.Google Scholar
  678. Peters, D., and R. Wigand, 1953: Enzymatisch-elektronenoptische Analyse B 8, 180.Google Scholar
  679. Petit, A., 1927: Contribution à l’étude cytologique and taxonomique des bactéries. Thèse, Fac, Sci. Paris.Google Scholar
  680. Pettermlle H. F. M., 1933a: Structure d’une Sarcine: Sarcina gigantea. C. R. Acad. Sei. (Paris) 196, 300.Google Scholar
  681. Pettermlle H. F. M., 1933b: La réaction nucléole de Feulgen chez quelques végétaux inférieurs. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 197, 88.Google Scholar
  682. Pettijohn, D. E., and P. C. Hanawalt, 1964: Isolation of partially density-labelled DNA molecules from bacteria. J. molec. Biol. 8, 170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  683. Phillips, O. P., 1904: A comparative study of the cytology and movements of the Cyanophyceae. Contrib. bot. Lab. Univ. Pennsylvania 2, 237.Google Scholar
  684. Piechaud, M., 1949: Coloration des corps chromatiques des Entérobactériacées par un colorant neutre sans hydrolyse préalable. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 76, 66.Google Scholar
  685. Piechaud, M., 1951: Coloration directe du noyau des bactéries and des levures. Bull. Mier. appl. Sér. 2, 1, 178.Google Scholar
  686. Piechaud, M., 1954: La coloration sans hydrolyse du noyau des bactéries. Ann, Inst. Pasteur 86, 787.Google Scholar
  687. Piexarski, G., 1937: Cytologische Untersuchungen an Paratyphus-and Colibakterien. Arch. Mikrobiol. 8, 428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  688. Piexarski, G., 1938: Zytologische Untersuchungen an Bakterien im ultravioletten Licht. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 142, 70.Google Scholar
  689. Piexarski, G., 1939: Lichtoptiscpe and übermikroskopische Untersuchungen zum Problem des Bakterienzollkerns. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 144, 140.Google Scholar
  690. Piexarski, G., 1940: Über kernähnliche Strukturen bei Bacillus mycoidesFlügge. Arch. Mikrobiol. 11, 406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  691. Piekarski, G., 1950: Haben Bakterien einen Zellkern? (Zur Definition des Zellkerns.) Naturwissenschaften 37, 201.Google Scholar
  692. Piekarski, G., and P. Gesrrecht, 1955: Diskussionsbemerkung zu: E. Kellenberger and Antoinette Ryter, Contribution à l’étude du noyau bactérien. Schweiz. Z. allg. Path. 18, 1136.Google Scholar
  693. Piekarski, G., 1956: Z.ytologische Untersuchungen an Bacillus megateriummit Hilfe ultradünner Schnitte. Naturwissenschaften 43, 89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  694. Piekarski, G., and P. Janssen, 1967: Über Probleme bei der Anwendung von Acridinorange als Methode zur fluoreszenzmikroskopischen Anfärbung von Toxoplasmen. Arch. Hyg. Bakt. 151, 550.Google Scholar
  695. Piekarski, G., and G. Pontieri, 1956: Über Feinstrukturen in den kernähnlichen Körpern von E. cols. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 165, 242.Google Scholar
  696. Pitzurra, M., and G. Ragni, 1958: Aspetti dismorfici nelle microculture di E. coltprovenienti da culture vecchie. Boll. Ist. sieroter. milan. 37, 262.Google Scholar
  697. Pochon, J., Y. T. Tchnn, and T. L. Wang, 1948: Recherches sur le cycle morphologique and l’appareil nucléaire des Azotobacter. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 74, 182.Google Scholar
  698. Poindexter, Jeanne S., 1964: Biological properties and classification of the Caulobactergroup. Bact. Rev. 28, 231.Google Scholar
  699. Poindexter, Jeanne S., and Germaine Cohen-Bazire, 1964: The fine structure of stalked bacteria belonging to the family Caulobacteriaceae. J. Cell Biol. 23, 587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  700. Poljansky, G., and G. Petruschewsky, 1929: Zur Frage über die Struktur der Cyanophyceenzelle. Arch. Protistenk. 67, 11.Google Scholar
  701. Pontefract, R. D., and F. S. Thatciier, 1965: A cytological study of normal and radiation-resistant Esdierithia colt. Canad. J. Microbiol. 11, 271.Google Scholar
  702. Pontieri, G., 1956: Über die sog. „large bodies“ von E. colt. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 165, 524.Google Scholar
  703. Powell, E. O., 1956: Growth rate and generation time, with special reference to continuous culture. J. gen. Microbiol. 15, 492.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  704. Preuner, R., 1951: Untersuchungen iiber den Bakterienkern. Arch. Hyg. Bakt. 134, 281.Google Scholar
  705. Preuner, R., 1953: Untersuchungen zur Feinstruktur ruhender Bacillensporen. Zbl. Bakt., 1. Abt. Orig. 160, 227.Google Scholar
  706. Preuner, R., and Jutta Von Piurrtwltz AND Gaffron, 1951: über feulgenpositive Kürper in Bazillen and Bakterien and ihr Verhalten gegenüber Streptomycin and Penicillin. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 157, 244.Google Scholar
  707. Preusser, H.-J., 1958: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Cytologie von Proteus uulgaris. Arch. Mikrobiol. 29, 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  708. Preusser, H.-J., 1959: Form and Grüße des Kernäquivalentes von Escherich,ia coltin Abhängigkeit von den Kulturbedingungen. Arch. Mikrobiol. 33, 105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  709. Prévot, A. R., and C. Mazurek, 1953: Recherches sur la substance nucléaire de Bifidibacterium bifidum and d’Actinobacterium cellulitis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 85, 125.Google Scholar
  710. Prévot, A. R., and M. Reymond, 1948: Etude cytologique des sphéroides de Spherophorus fanduliformis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 74, 334.Google Scholar
  711. Pringsheim, E. G., 1949: The relationship between bacteria and Myxophyceae. Bact. Rev. 13, 47.Google Scholar
  712. Pringsheim, E. G., 1953: Die Stellung der grünen Bakterien im System der Organismen. Arch. Mikrobiol. 19, 353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  713. Pringsheim, E. G., 1960: Der grüne Farbstoff der Chlorobakterien, eine Berichtigung. Arch. Mikrobiol. 36, 98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  714. Pringsheim, E. G., and C. F. Robinow, 1946: Observations on two very large bacteria, Car yophanon latumPeshkoff and Lineola Tonga(nomen provisorium). J. gen. Microbiol. 1, 267.Google Scholar
  715. Pritciiard, R. H., and K. G. Lark, 1964: Induction of replication by thymine starvation at the chromosome origin in Escherichia cols. J. molec. Biol. 9, 288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  716. Ptashne, M., 1965: Replication and host modification of DNA transferred during bacterial mating. J. molec. Biol. 11, 829.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  717. Pulvirenti, G. B., 1951: L’azione filamentizzante dell’urea sulla ccllula batterica. Riv. Biol. N. S. 43, 319.Google Scholar
  718. Quersin, L., 1950: Images nucléaires and coloration de Gram. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 79, 767.Google Scholar
  719. Rajchert-Trzfil, M., 1965: The influence of chloramphenicol on the conjugation yield in E. coltK 12. Bull. Acad. polon. Sei., Ser. Sci. biol. 13, 211.Google Scholar
  720. Rasmussen, R. E., and R. B. Painter, 1963: On the early onset of thymineless death occurring after exposure to ultraviolet light. Biochim. biophys. Acta 76, 157.Google Scholar
  721. Rercuenow, E., 1928: Ergebnisse mit der Nuclealfärbung bei Bakterien. Arch. Protistenk. 61, 142.Google Scholar
  722. Remsen, C. C., D. G. Landgren, and R. A. Slepecky, 1966: Inhibition of development of the spore septum and membranes in Bacillus cereusby ß-plrenethyl alcohol. J. Bact. 91, 324.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  723. Rhoades, J. V., J. Abelson, T. C. Pinkerton, and C. A. Thomas Jr., 1965: The question of interruptions in bacteriophage DNA molecules. Biophys. Soc. 9th Ann. Meeting, 96.Google Scholar
  724. Ris, H., 1956: A study of chromosomes with the electron microscope. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 2, Suppl. 385.Google Scholar
  725. Ris, H., 1961: Ultrastructure and molecular organization of genetic systems. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 3, 95.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  726. Ris, H., 1962: Interpretation of ultrastructure in the cell nucleus. 1st Syrnpos. Int. Soc. Cell Biol. ( New York: Academic Press 1964 ), 69.Google Scholar
  727. Ris, H., and B. L. Chandler, 1963: The ultrastructure of genetic systems in Prokaryotesand Eukaryotes. Cold. Spr. Harb. Syrup. quant. Biol. 28, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  728. Ris, H., and J. Fox, 1949: The cytology of Rickettsiae. J. exp. Med. 89, 681.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  729. Ris, H., and H. N. Singh, 1961: Electron microscope studies on blue-green algae. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 63.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  730. Ritchie, A. E., and I. N. Robinson, 1967: Electron microscopic anatomy of a rumen spirochaete. Bact. Proc., 25.Google Scholar
  731. Roberts, R. B., 1960: Synthetic aspects of ribosomes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei. 88, 752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  732. Rorinow, C. F.: 1942: A study of the nuclear apparatus of bacteria. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 130, 299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  733. Rorinow, C. F.: 1944: Cytological observations on Bact. coli. Proteus vulgarisand various aerobic spore-forming bacteria with special reference to the nuclear structures. J. I-lyg. 43, 413.Google Scholar
  734. Rorinow, C. F.: 1949a: Nuclear apparatus and cell structure of rod-shaped bacteria, addendum to: R. J. Drums: The Bacterial Cell-. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
  735. Rorinow, C. F.: 1949b: Cytological observations on bacteria. Exp. Cell Res. Suppl. 1, 204.Google Scholar
  736. Rorinow, C. F.: 1953a: Spore structure as revealed by thin sections. J. Bact. 66, 300.Google Scholar
  737. Rorinow, C. F.: 1953b: On the structure of bacterial spores. 6th Int. Congr. Microbiol., Symposium Citologia Batterica. Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 139.Google Scholar
  738. Rorinow, C. F.: 1956: The chromatin bodies of bacteria. Bact. Rev. 20, 207.Google Scholar
  739. Rorinow, C. F.: 1957: Kurzer Hinweis auf Metabacterium polyspora. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 8, 225.Google Scholar
  740. Rorinow, C. F.: 1960: Outline of the visible organization of bacteria, in: The Cell. J. Brachet and A. E. Mirsky ed., New York: Academic Press, 4, pt. 1, 45.Google Scholar
  741. Rorinow, C. F.: 1962: Morphology of the bacterial nucleus. Brit. med. Bull. 18, 31.Google Scholar
  742. Rorinow, C. F.: and V. E. Cosslett, 1948: Nuclei and other structures of bacteria. J. appl. Physiol. 19, 124.Google Scholar
  743. Rorinow, C. F.: and C. L. Hannay, 1953: The nuclear structures of B. megaterium. 6th Int. Congr. Microbiol. Roma, Riassunti delle Communicaziole 1, 67.Google Scholar
  744. Rogolsky, M., and R. A. Slepecky, 1964: Elimination of a genetic determinant for sporulation of Bacillus subtiliswith acriflavin. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 16, 204.Google Scholar
  745. Rogul, M., Z. A. Mcgee, R. G. Wittler, and S. Falkow, 1965: Nucleic acid homologies in selected bacteria, L forms and Mycoplasma species. J. Bact. 90, 1200.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  746. Rolfe, R., 1962: A171e molecular arrangement of the conserved subunits of DNA. J. molec. Biol. 4, 22.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  747. Rolfe, R., 1963: Changes in the physical state of DNA during the replication cycle. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 49, 386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  748. Rolfe, R., 1967: On the mechanism of thymineless death in Bacillus subtilis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 57, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  749. Rolly, H., 1951: Der Entwicklungszyklus eines aeroben Sporenbildners (Bac. sphaericus)unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nuclealstrukturen. Zbl. Bakt., 1. Abt. Orig. 157, 407.Google Scholar
  750. Ropabs, C., and R. Viovy, 1964: Fixation de l’ion cuivrique sur l’acide désoxyribonucléique de thymus de veau. Influences de la force ionique and du pH. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 258, 731.Google Scholar
  751. Rosenberg, B. H., and L. F. Cavalieri, 1964: On the transient template for in vivoDNA synthesis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51, 826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  752. Rosenberg, E., M. Katarski, and P. Gottlieb, 1967: Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during exponential growth and microcyst formation in Myxococcus. J. Bact. 93, 1402.Google Scholar
  753. Rosenberg, E., M. Katarski, and P. Gottlieb, 1967: Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during exponential growth and microcyst formation in Myxococcus. J. Bact. 93, 1402.Google Scholar
  754. Ross, P. D., and R. L. Scruggs, 1964: Electrophoresis of DNA. II. Specific interaction of univalent and divalent cations with DNA. Biopolymers 2, 79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  755. Rossner, W., 1963: Der Einflull von Streptomycin auf Cyanophyceen. 11. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Phormidium minnesotense(Tilden) Drouet. Planta 60, 166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  756. Roth, T. F., and D. R. Helinski, 1967: Circular forms of a bacterial plasmid. Batt. Proc. 49.Google Scholar
  757. Rouillier, C., and E. Fauré-Fremiet, 1957: Les constituants cytoplasmiques d’une bactérie sulfureuse Theovolum maiusHinze. C. R. Soc. Biol. 151, 903.Google Scholar
  758. Rudner, R., Mrs. B. Prokop-Schneider, and E. Chargaff, 1964: Rhythmic alternations in the rate of synthesis and the composition of rapidly labelled ribonucleic acid during the synchronous growth of bacteria. Nature 203, 479.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  759. Rudner, R., E. Rejman, and E. Chargaff, 1965: Genetic implications of periodic pulsations of the rate of synthesis and the composition of rapidly labeled bacterial RNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  760. Rièzicka, V., 1913: Eine Methode zur Darstellung der Struktur fertiger Bakteriensporen, nebst Bemerkung über das Reifen derselben. Cbl. Bakt. II 36, 577.Google Scholar
  761. Ryan, F. J., and K. Kiritani, 1959: Effect of temperature on natural mutation in Escherichia colt. J. gen. Microbiol. 20. 64. 4.Google Scholar
  762. Ryter, Antoinette, 1958: Raide morphologique de la sporulation de Bacillus subtilis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 108, 40.Google Scholar
  763. Ryter, Antoinette, 1960:. ütude au microscope ülectronique des transformations nuclüaires de E. colt K12S and K’25 (di 26) aprüs irradiation aux rayons ultraviolets and aux rayons X. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 8, 399.Google Scholar
  764. Ryter, Antoinette, 1967: Relationship between synthesis of the cytoplasmic membrane and nuclear segregation in Bacillus subtilis. Fol. microbiol. (Praha) 12, 283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  765. Ryter, Antoinette, 1968: Association of the nucleus and the membrane of bacteria: a morphological study. Bact. Rev. 32, 39.Google Scholar
  766. Ryter, Antoinette, B. Bloom, and J.-P. Aubert, 1966a: Localisation intracellulaire des acides ribonucléiques synthétisés pendant la sporulation chez Bacillus subtilis. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) D 262, 1305.Google Scholar
  767. Ryter, Antoinette, and F. Jacob, 1963: Étude au microscope électronique des relations entre mésosomes and noyaux chez Bac. subtilis. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 257, 3060.Google Scholar
  768. Ryter, Antoinette, and F. Jacob, 1964: Étude au microscope électronique de la liaison entre noyau and mésosome chez Bacillus subtilis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 107, 384.Google Scholar
  769. Ryter, Antoinette, and F. Jacob, 1966a: Etude morphologique de la liaison du noyau ü la membrane chez. E. colt andchez les protoplastes de B. subtilis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 110, 801.Google Scholar
  770. Ryter, Antoinette, and F. Jacob, 1966b: Ségrégation des noyaux chez Bacillus subtilisan cours de la germination des spores. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) D 263, 1176.Google Scholar
  771. Ryter, Antoinette, and F. Jacob, 1967: Ségrégation des noyaux pendant la croissance and la germination de B. subtilis. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) D 264, 2254.Google Scholar
  772. Ryter, Antoinette, and E. Kellenberger, 1957: Fixation of the “nucleus” of E. coilbacteria. 15th Ann. Meeting Electron Microsc. Soc. Amer., M.I.T. Cambridge, Mass., Abstracts, 26.Google Scholar
  773. Ryter, Antoinette, and E. Kellenberger, 1958: Etude au microscope électronique de plasmas contenant de l’acide désoxyribonucléique. I. Les nucléoides des bactèries en croissance active. Z. Naturf. 13b, 597.Google Scholar
  774. Ryter, Antoinette, and O. E. Landman, 1964: Electron microscope study of the relationship between mesosome loss and the stable L state (or protoplast state) in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bact. 88, 457.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  775. Ryter, Antoinette, and M. Piechaud, 1963: Étude au microscope électronique de quelques souches de Moraxella. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 105, 1071.Google Scholar
  776. Ryter, Antoinette, P. Schaeffer, and H. Ionesco, 1966b: Classification cytologique, par leur stade de blocage, des mutants de sporulation de Bacillus subtilisMarburg. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 110, 305.Google Scholar
  777. Saito, H., and Y. Ikeda, 1957: Radiokinetic evidence for the bipartite or diploid nucleus in conidia of Streptomyces griseoflaous. J. gen. appl. Microbiol. 3, 250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  778. Saito, H., and Y. Ikeda, 1958: The life-cycle of Streptomyces griseoflaous. Cytologia 23, 496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  779. Saito, H., and Y. Ikeda, 1959: Cytogenetic studies on Streptomyces griseoflaous. Ann. N.Y. Acacl. Sci. 81, 862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  780. Salvatore, G., and G. Pontieri, 1956: Osservazioni dul disnorfismo di Proacfinoniyces ruber. Giorn. Microbiol. 1, 385.Google Scholar
  781. Sassucnin, D., 1935: Zum Studium der Protisten-and Bakterienkerne. Mitt. I: Über die Nuclealreaktion and ihre Anwendung bei protozoologischen and bakteriologischen Untersuchungen. Arch. Protistenk. 84, 186.Google Scholar
  782. Schachtele, C. F., 1965: Canavanine death in Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 14, 474.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  783. Schaeciiter, M., 1991a: Patterns-of cellular control during unbalanced growth. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 26, 53.Google Scholar
  784. Schaeciiter, M., 1961b: Discussion to O. Maalee: The control of normal DNA replication in bacteria. Cold Spr. Harb. Syrup. quant. Biol. 26, 52.Google Scholar
  785. Schaeciiter, M., M. W. Bentzon, and O. Maalee, 1959: Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid during the division cycle of bacteria. Nature 183, 1207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  786. Schaeciiter, M., and V. O. LAING, 1961: Direct observation of fusion of bacterial nuclei. J. Bact. 81, 667.Google Scholar
  787. Schaeciiter, M., O. Maalee, and N. O. Kjeldgaard, 1958: Dependency on medium and temperature of cell size and chemical composition during balanced growth of Salmonella typhimurium. J. gen. Microbiol. 19, 592.Google Scholar
  788. Schaeffer, P., J. Millet, and J.-P. Aubert, 1965: Catabolic repression of bacterial sporulation. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  789. Schlossberger, H., A. Jakob and G. Piekarski, 1950: Zur systematischen Stellung der Spirochüten. Naturwissenschaften 37, 186.Google Scholar
  790. Schlossberger, H., A. Jakob and G. Piekarski, 1950: Zur systematischen Stellung der Spirochüten. Naturwissenschaften 37, 186.Google Scholar
  791. Schmitz, F., 1879: Untersuchungen über die Zellkerne der Thallophyten. Sitzber. niederrhein. Ges. Nat. Heilk. (Bonn), 345.Google Scholar
  792. Schreil, W., 1961: Vergleichende Elektronenmikroskopie reiner DNS and der DNS des Bakteriennukleoids. Experientia 17, 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  793. Schreil, W., 1964 (Schreil, W. H.): Studies on the fixation of artificial and bacterial DNA plasms for the electron microscopy of thin sections. J. Cell Biol. 22, 1.Google Scholar
  794. Schuler, R., 1952: Die vitale Darstellung der Chromatinstrukturen von Bact. Colimit Hilfe des Fluoreszenzmikroskops. Naturwissenschaften 39, 90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  795. Schweisfurtii, R., 1959: Einwirkung einiger Gifte auf Zell-and Nucleoidteilung bei Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., H. Abt. 113, 48.Google Scholar
  796. Sedar, A. W., and R. W. Burde, 1965: The demonstration of the succinic dehydrogenase system in Bacillus subtilisusing tetranitro-blue tetrazolium combined with techniques of electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 27, 53.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  797. Sermon-Bd, G., and I. Spada-Sermonti, 1955: Genetic recombination in Streptomyces. Nature 176. 121.Google Scholar
  798. Sermon-Bd, G., and I. Spada-Sermonti, 1959: Genetics of Streptomyces coelicolor. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 81, 854.Google Scholar
  799. Setlow, J. K., and R. B. Setlow, 1960: Evidence for the existence of a single-stranded stage of T 2 bacteriophage during replication. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46, 791.Google Scholar
  800. Setlow, R. B., 1960: The use of action spectra to determine the physical state of DNA in vivo. Biochim. biophys. Acta 39, 180.Google Scholar
  801. Setlow, R. B., and R. Boyce, 1961: The ultraviolet light inactivation of X 174 bacteriophage at different wave lengths and pH’s. Biophys. J. 1, 29.Google Scholar
  802. Shack, J., and B. S. Bynum, 1959: Determination of the interaction of deoxyribonucleate and magnesium ions by means of a metal ion indicator. Nature 184, 635.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  803. Shadomy, S., 1963: Cytological studies of bacteriophage infection in the mycobacteria. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif. Los Angeles.Google Scholar
  804. Shakulov, R. S.. A. A. Bogdanov, and A. S. SPIRIN, 1963: in Russian (Reconstruction of ribosomal particles from chlorornycetin particles and protein in vitro). Dokl. Akad. Nauk. S.S.S.R. 153, 223.Google Scholar
  805. Shamina, Z. I3., 1964: in Russian (Observations on nuclear elements during sporogenesis of actinomycetes). Mikrobiologija (Moscow) 33, 831.Google Scholar
  806. Shinke, N., and K. Ueda, 1956: A cytomorphological and cytochemical study of Cyanophyta. I. An electron microscope study of Oscillatoria princeps. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B 23, 101.Google Scholar
  807. Silver, S. D., 1963: The transfer of material during mating in Escherichia coli. Transfer of DNA and upper limits in the transfer of RNA and protein. J. molec. Biol. 6, 349.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  808. Singh, H. N., 1967: Genetic control of sporulation in the blue-green alga Anabaena doliolttmBharadwaja. Planta 75, 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  809. Singh, R. N., and H. N. Singh, 1964: Ultra-violet induced mutants of blue-green algae. Arch. Mikrobiol. 48, 109, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  810. Singh, R. N., and R. Siniia, 1965: Genetic recombination in a blue-green alga, Cylindrospermum maiusKuetz. Nature 207, 782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  811. Skoczylas, O., 1954:. Über die Mitose in der Peridineengattung Ceralium. Dissertation, Fak. f. Chemie, TH Darmstadt.Google Scholar
  812. Smiru, A. G., 1950: Electron and light microscopic studies of bacterial nuclei. El. An improved staining technique for the nuclear chromatin of bacterial cells. J. Bact. 59, 575.Google Scholar
  813. Smith, D. W., and P. C. Jianaalt, 1965: State of aggregation of the growing point in the bacterial chromosome. Biophys. Soc. ninth annu. Meetg. 162.Google Scholar
  814. Smith, M. A., M. Salas, W. M. Stanley, A. J. Wahba, and S. OCHOA, 1966:. Direction of reading of the genetic message. II. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 55, 141.Google Scholar
  815. Smith, P. F., 1964: Comparative physiology of pleuropneumonia-like and L-type organisms. Bact. Rev. 28, 97.Google Scholar
  816. Sm’nrmles, W. R.. and N. E. Gibbons, 1955: The deoxyribose nucleic acid slime layer of some halophilic bacteria. Canad. J. Microbiol. 1, 614.Google Scholar
  817. Sneath, P. II. A., and J. Lederberg, 1961: Inhibition by periodate of mating in Esctericzia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47, 86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  818. Soska, J., and K. G. Lark, 1966: Regulation of nucleic acid synthesis in Lactobacillus acidophilusR-26. Biochim. biophys. Acta 119. 526.Google Scholar
  819. Spearing, J. K., 1937: Cytological studies on the myxophyceae. Arch. Protistenk. 89, 209.Google Scholar
  820. Spearing, J. K., 1961: Studies on the cyanophycean cell. J. Vital staining. A study in the production of artifacts. La Cellule 61, 241.Google Scholar
  821. Spiegelman, S., 1959: Protein and nucleic acid synthesis in subcellular fractions of bacterial cells, in: Recent Progress in Microbiology, Symposia held at the 7th Int. Congr. Microbiol. Stockholm, 82.Google Scholar
  822. Spiegelman, S., A. L. Aronson, and P. C. Fitz-James, 1958:. Isolation and characterization of nuclear bodies from protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium. J. Bact. 75, 102.Google Scholar
  823. Spiegelman, S., B. D. Hall, and R. Storck, 1961: The occurrence of natural DNA-RNA complexes in E. coliinfected with T 2. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47, 1135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  824. Spprin, A. S., A. N. Belozerskij, D. G. Kudlai, A. G. Skavronskaja, and V. G. Mitereva, 1958a: in Russian (Composition of nucleic acids in the formation of saccharolytically inert forms of intestinal bacteria). Biokhimija 23, 154.Google Scholar
  825. Spprin, A. S., A. G. Skavronskaja, and A. Pretel-Martines, 1958b: Nucleic acid content in ageing cultures of colon bacilli. Microbiologija (English Translation) 27, 271.Google Scholar
  826. Srinivasan, V. R., 1966: Sporogen, an “ inductor” for bacterial cell differentiation. Nature 209, 537.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  827. Stacey, M. 1953:. Chemistry of the Gram staining and of the Feulgen and Dische reactions for nuclear material. Nature 171 507.Google Scholar
  828. Stanier, R. Y., 1961: La place des bactéries dans le monde vivant. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 101, 297.Google Scholar
  829. Stanier, R. Y., and C. B. VAN Niel, 1962:. The concept of a bacterium. Arch. Mikrobiol. 42, 17.Google Scholar
  830. Stapp, C., 1942: Der Pflanzenkrebs and sein Erreger Pseudomonas turnefaciens. XI. Mitteilung: Zytologische Untersuchung des bakteriellen Erregers. Zbl. Bakt., II. Abt. 105, 1.Google Scholar
  831. Stapp, C., and D. Knösel, 1954: Zur Genetik sternbildender Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., II. Abt. 108, 243.Google Scholar
  832. Stapp, C., 1956a: Phasenoptisch-cytologische Untersuchungen sternbildender Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., II. Abt. 109, 25.Google Scholar
  833. Stapp, C., 1956b: Fortgefiihrte Untersuchungen fiber den Entwicklungszyklus and die Karyologie sternbildender Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., II. Abt. 109, 416.Google Scholar
  834. Stapp, C., 1956c: Zur Frage des Vorkommens sogenannter „Polyzygoten“ bei sternbildenden Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., II. Abt. 109, 473.Google Scholar
  835. Stempen, H., 1950: Demonstration of the chromatine bodies of E. coliand Proteus nulgariswith the aid of the phase contrast microscope. J. Bact. 60, 81.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  836. Stent, G. S., and C. R. Fuerst, 1960: Genetic and physiological effects of the decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus in bacterial viruses and bacteria. Advance biol. med. Phys. 7, 1.Google Scholar
  837. Stent, G. S., and O. Maalee, 1953: Radioactive phosphorus tracer studies on the reproduction of T 4 bacteriophage. II. Kinetics of phosphorus assimilation. Biochim. biophys. Acta 10, 55.Google Scholar
  838. Stern, K. G., and M. A. Steinberg, 1953: Desoxyribonucleic acid complexes of rare earths. Biochim. biophys. Acta 11, 553.Google Scholar
  839. Stille, B., 1937: Zytologische Untersuchungen an Bakterien mit Hilfe der Feulgenschen Nuclealreaktion. Arch. Mikrobiol. 8, 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  840. Stoker, M. G. P., K. M. Smith, and P. Fiset, 1956: Internal structure of Rickettsia burnetiias shown by electron microscopy of thin sections. J. gen. Microbiol. 15, 632.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  841. Stonehir.L, E. 1L, 1965: On the mechanism of DNA replication. J. theor. Biol. 9, 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  842. Stoughton, R. H., 1930: The morphology and cytology of Bacterium maloacearum. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 105, 469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  843. Stoughton, R. H., 1932: The morphology and cytology of Bacterium maloacearumE. F. S. Part II. Reproduction and cell-fusion. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 111, 46.Google Scholar
  844. Stoutiamer, A. H., and P. G. De Haan, 1963: Kinetics of F-curing by acridine orange. J. gen. Microbiol. 31, xii.Google Scholar
  845. Stuy, J. H., 1958: The nucleic acids of Bacillus cereus. J. Bact. 76, 179.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  846. Sueoka, N., and H. Yoshikawa. 1963: Regulation of chromosome replication in Bacillus subtilis. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 28, 47.Google Scholar
  847. Suit, J. C., 1963: Localization of deoxyribonucleic acid-like ribonucleic acid in a “membrane” fraction of Escheridtia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta 72, 488.Google Scholar
  848. Suringar, W. F. R., 1865: De sarcine ( Sarcina ventriculi Goodsir) Leeuwarden: G. T. N. Suringar.Google Scholar
  849. Suringar, W. F. R., 1866: Ein Wort über den Zcllenhau der Sarcina. Bot. Ztg. 24, 269, 277.Google Scholar
  850. Suzuki, H., J. Pangborn, and W. W. Kilgore, 1967: Filamentous cells of Escheridtia coliformed in the ppresence of mitomycin. J. Bact. 93, 683.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  851. Szabo, G., T. Valyi-Nagy, and S. Vitales, 1963: An endogenic factor regulating the life cycle of Streptomyces griseus. Excerpta med., Int. Congr. Ser., No. 59, 88.Google Scholar
  852. Szybalski, W., and D. H. Braendle, 1956: Genetic recombination in Streptomyces. Bact. Proc., 48.Google Scholar
  853. Tabor, H., 1961: The stabilization of Bacillus subtilistransforming principle by spermine. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 4, 228.Google Scholar
  854. Tabor, H., C. W. Tabor, and S. M. Rosenthal, 1961: The biochemistry of the polyamines: spermidine and spermine. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 30, 579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  855. Takagp, A., T. Kawata, S. Yamamoto, T. Kubo, and S. Okita, 1960: Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin sections of spores of Clostridium tetaniand Clostridium histolyticum, with special reference to sporulation and spore germination process. Jap. J. Microbiol. 4, 137.Google Scholar
  856. Takahashi, I., and N. E. Gibbons, 1957: Effect of salt concentration on the extra-cellular nucleic acids of Micrococcus halodenitrificans. Canad. J. Microbiol. 3, 687.Google Scholar
  857. Tamura, A., 1959: Studies on the structure of Rickettsia orientalisas shown by chemical treatment. Kyoto Univ. Inst. Virus Res., Annu. Rept., Ser. B, 187.Google Scholar
  858. Tanaka, K., 1961: Studies on the Cytology of Spirillum, I., II. Scient. Papers Coll. gen. Educ. Univ. Tokyo 11, 69, 83.Google Scholar
  859. Taylor, A. L., and E. A. Adelberg, 1960: Linkage analysis with very high frequency males of Escheridtia coli. Genetics 45, 1233.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  860. Thomas, J.-A., 1932: Contribution à l’étude cytologique des Schizophytes. Arch. zool. exp. gén. 72, 417.Google Scholar
  861. Tichonenko, A. S., I. A. Bespelova, and A. S. Kriviski, 1964: Electron microscopy studies of RNA phage MS 2 and its reproduction in bacterial cells. Proc. 3rd Europ. Reg. Conf. Electron Microscopy Prague, vol. B, 545.Google Scholar
  862. Tocchini-Valentini, G. P., M. Stodolsky, A. Aurisicchio, M. Sarnat, F. Graziosi, S. B. Weiss, and E. P. Geiduschek, 1963: On the asymmetry of RNA synthesis in vino. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 50, 935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  863. Tomasz, A., 1965: Control of competent state in Pneumococcusby a hormone-like cell product: an example for a new type of regulatory mechanism in bacteria. Nature 208, 155.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  864. Tomasz, A., J. D. Jamieson, and E. Ottolenghi, 1964: The fine structure of Diplococcus pneumoniae. J. Cell Biol. 22, 453.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  865. Tomizawa, J., 1960: Genetic structure of recombinant chromosomes formed after mating in Escheridtia coliK 12. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46, 91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  866. Tomlin, S. G., and J. W. May, 1955: Electron microscopy of sectioned bacteria. A study of Escherichia coli. Austral. J. exp. Biol. Med. 33, 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  867. Toschi, G., 1963/64: Concentrazione intracellulare e composizione delle poli-ammine in microorganismi mesofili e termofili. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 39, 2125.Google Scholar
  868. Treick, R. W., and W. A. Konetzka, 1964: Physiological state of Escheridtia coliand the inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by phenethyl alcohol. J. Bact. 88, 1580.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  869. Tronnier, E. A., 1952: Zur Existenz des sog. Karyoid-Systems bei Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Zbl. Bakt., 1. Abt. Orig. 159, 213.Google Scholar
  870. Tronnier, E. A., 1953: Zur Darstellung der Nukleoide bei Bakterien mit Azur-Eosin. Naturwissenschaften 40, 511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  871. Tschenzoer, B., 1916: Die Kernteilung bei Euglena viridis. Arch. Protistenk. 36, 137.Google Scholar
  872. Tsumita, T., and E. Chargaff, 1958: Studies on nucleoproteins. VI. The deoxyribonucleoprotein and the deoxyribonucleic acid of bovine tubercle bacilli (BCG). Biochim. biophys. Acta 29, 568.Google Scholar
  873. Tuffery, A. A., 1954a: Systematic position of the genus Oscillospira. Nature 174, 838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  874. Tuffery, A. A., 1954b: The nuclear structures of Oscillospira guilliermondiChatton and Perard. J. gen. Microbiol. 10, 342.Google Scholar
  875. Tuffery, A. A., 1955: Nuclear changes in the growth cycle of Caryophanon latum. Exp. Cell Res. 9, 182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  876. Tulasne, R., 1949a: Sur la cytologie des bactéries vivantes étudiées grace au microscope à contraste de phase. C. R. Soc. Biol. 143, 1390.Google Scholar
  877. Tulasne, R., 1949b: Données nouvelles sur la cytologie des bactéries apportées par la microscopie de contraste de phase. C. R. Soc. Biol. 143, 1392.Google Scholar
  878. Tulasne, R., 1953: Le cycle L and les formes naines des bactéries. Sixth Int. Congr. Microbiol. Roma, Symposium Citologia Batterica. Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 144.Google Scholar
  879. Tulasne, R., and R. Minck, 1947: Mise en évidence des noyaux des cocci par la ribonucléase. C. R. Soc. Biol. 141, 1255.Google Scholar
  880. Tulasne, R., and R. Vendrely, 1947a: Demonstration of bacterial nuclei with ribonuclease. Nature 160, 225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  881. Tulasne, R., and R. Vendrely, 1947b: Mise en évidence des noyaux bactériens par la ribonucléase. C. R. Soc. Biol. 141, 674.Google Scholar
  882. Tulasne, R., and R. Minck, 1948a: Noyaux bactériens and pénicilline. C. R. Soc. Biol. 142, 237.Google Scholar
  883. Tulasne, R., and R. Minck, 1948b: Noyaux bactériens and streptomycine. C. R. Soc. Biol. 142, 1012.Google Scholar
  884. Vahlkampf, E., 1905: Beiträge zur Biologie and Entwicklungsgeschichte von Amoeba limaxeinschließlich der Züchtung auf künstlichen Nährboden. Arch. Protistenk. 5, 67.Google Scholar
  885. Valentine, R. C., 1966: Sexual differentiation of E. coli. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 22, 156.Google Scholar
  886. Van Baalen, C., 1965: Mutation of the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. Science 149, 70.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  887. Van Iterson, Woutera, 1960: Membranes, particular organelles and peripheral bodies in bacteria. Proc. Europ. Regional Conf. Electron Microscopy, Delft, 2, 763.Google Scholar
  888. Van Iterson, Woutera, 1962: Membraneous structures in micro-organisms, in: Recent Progress in Microbiology, Symposia held at the Eight Int. Congr. Microbiol., Montréal. Toronto: Univ. Toronto Press, 14.Google Scholar
  889. Van Iterson, Woutera, and C. F. Robinow, 1961: Observations with the electron microscope on the fine structure of the nuclei of two spherical bacteria. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  890. Van Tubergen, R. P., 1961: The use of radioautography and electron microscopy for the localization of tritium label in bacteria. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  891. Van Tubergen, R. P., and R. B. Setlow, 1961: Quantitative autoradiographic studies on exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia coli. The distribution of parental DNA, RNA, protein, and cell wall on progeny cells. Biophys. J. 1, 589.Google Scholar
  892. Vejdovskv, F., 1900: Bemerkungen über den Bau and die Entwicklung der Bakterien. Cbl. Bakt. II 6, 577.Google Scholar
  893. Vejdovskv, F., 1904: Fiber den Kern der Bakterien and seine Teilung. Cbl. Bakt. II 11, 481.Google Scholar
  894. Vendrely, R., 1953: Histochimie du noyau and du cytoplasme bactérien. 6th Int. Congr. Microbiol. Roma, Symposium Citologia Batterica. Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 82.Google Scholar
  895. Vendrely, R., and Jeanne Lipardy, 1946: Acides nucléiques and noyaux bactériens. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 223, 342.Google Scholar
  896. Vendrely, R., Yenned, H., and C. Zimmer, 1964: Effekte von Schwermetallionen auf den Helix- Knäuel-ebergang der Desoxyribonucleinsäure. Naturwissenschaften 51, 173.Google Scholar
  897. Vendrely, R., Yenned, H., and C. Zimmer, 1966: Studies on nucleic acids. VIII. Changes in the stability of DNA secondary structure by interaction with divalent metal ions. Biopolymers 4, 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  898. Vielmetter, W., and W. Messer, 1964: Zum Wachstum des Bakterienchromosoms (E. coliK 12, Hfr and F). Ber. Bunsenges. phys. Chem. 68, 742.Google Scholar
  899. Vinter, V., and R. A. Slepecky, 1965: Direct transition of outgrowing bacterial spores to new sporangia without intermediate cell division. J. Bact. 90, 803.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  900. Voelz, H., 1966: The fate of the cell envelope of Myxococcus xanthusduring microcyst germination. Arch. Mikrobiol. 55, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  901. Voelz, H., and M. Dworkin, 1962: Fine structure of Myxococcus xanthusduring morpho-genesis. J. Bact. 84, 943.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  902. Voelz, H., Ursula Voelz, and R. O. Ortigoza, 1966: The “polphosphate overplus” phenomenon in Myxococcus xanthusand its influence on the architecture of the cell. Arch. Mikrobiol. 53, 371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  903. Voit, K., 1925: Ober das Verhalten der Bakterien zur Nuclealfärbung. Z. ges. exp. Med. 47, 183.Google Scholar
  904. Voit, K., 1927: Liber das Verhalten der Bakterien zur Nuclealfärbung, II. Mitteilung. Z. ges. exp. Med. 55, 564.Google Scholar
  905. Von Plotiio, O., 1942: Die chromatische Substanz bei Aktinomyceten. Arch. Mikrobiol. 11, 285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  906. Von Zastrow, Eva-Maria, 1953: Aber die Organisation der Cyanophyceenzelle. Arch. Mikrobiol. 19, 174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  907. Wager, H., 1901: Cytology of the Cyanophyceae. Rep. Brit. Ass. 830.Google Scholar
  908. Wake, R. G., 1963: Sequential replication of DNA in synchronously germinating Bacillus subtilisspores. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 13, 67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  909. Walker, J. R., and A. B. Pardee, 1967: Relation between DNA and septum formation in Escherichia colt. Bact. Proc., 56.Google Scholar
  910. Watanare, T., 1963: Infective heredity of multiple drug resistance in bacteria. Bact. Rev. 27, 87.Google Scholar
  911. Watson, J. D., and F. H. C. Crick, 1953a: A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171, 737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  912. Watson, J. D., and F. H. C. Crick, 1953.b: Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature 171, 964.Google Scholar
  913. Werk, R. B., J. B. Clark, and H. I. Chance, 1954: A cytological study of Nocardia corallinaand other actinomycetes. J. Bact. 67, 498.Google Scholar
  914. Weed, L. L., 1963: Effects of copper on Bacillus subtilis. J. Bact. 85, 1003.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  915. Weibull, C., 1965: Structure of bacterial L forms and their parent bacteria. J. Bact. 90, 1467.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  916. Welscii, M., and E. Miami., 1948: A propos de la mise en évidence du noyau bactérien. C. R. Soc. Biol. 142, 1449.Google Scholar
  917. Weygand, F., A. Wacker, and H. Deliweg, 1951: Spaltung von Desoxyribonucleinsäure mit Bleiliydroxyd and Isolierung der Desoxyribose durch kontinuierliche Gegenstromverteilung. Z. Naturf. B 6, 130.Google Scholar
  918. Whitfield, J. I., 1962:. Lysogeny. Brit. med. Bull. 18, 56.Google Scholar
  919. Whitfield, J. I., and R. G. E. Murray, 1954: A cytological study of the lysogenization of Shigella dysenteriaewith P 1 and P 2 bacteriophages. Canad. J. Microbiol. 1, 216.Google Scholar
  920. Whitfield, J. I., and R. G. E. Murray, 1956: The effects of the ionic environment on the chromatin structures of bacteria. Canad. J. Microbiol. 2, 245.Google Scholar
  921. Whitfield, J. I., 1957: Observations on the initial cytological effects of bacteriophage infection. Canad. J. Microbiol. 3, 493.Google Scholar
  922. Wiiierg, J. S., and W. F. Neumann, 1957: The binding of bivalent metals by deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys, 72, 66.Google Scholar
  923. Wigand, R., and D. Peters, 1954a: Licht-and elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über den Abbau gramnegativer Kokken mit Nucleasen and Proteasen. Z. Naturf. B 9, 586.Google Scholar
  924. Wigand, R., and D. Peters, 1954b: Abbauversuche an Ilaemobartonella murisand Eperythrozoon coccoides. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 5, 482.Google Scholar
  925. Wilkins, M. H. F., and G. Zubay, 1959a: X-ray diffraction studies of the molecular structure of nucleobistone and chromosomes. J. molec. Biol. 1, 179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  926. Wilkins, M. H. F., and G. Zubay, 1959b: The absence of histone in the bacterium Escherichia coli. II, X-ray diffraction of nucleoprotein extract. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 5, 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  927. Wilkinson, J. F., and J. P. Duguid, 1960: The influence of cultural conditions on bacterial cytology. Int. Rev. Cytol. 9, 1.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  928. Williams, Marion A., 1959: Chromatin patterns in Spirillum anulus. J. gen. Microbiol. 21, 109.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  929. Williams, Marion A., and S. C. Rittenberg, 1957: Nuclear fusion in Spirillumspp. J. gen. Microbiol. 17, 274.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  930. Winkler, Annelise, and Mechthild Knoch, 1951: Zur Fixation von Bakterienpräparaten. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 157, 239.Google Scholar
  931. Winkler, Annelise, and H. König, 1951: Vergleichende licht-and elektronenmikroskopische Unter-suchungen an Bakterien. Naturwissenschaften 38, 241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  932. Witkin, Evelyn M., 1951: Nuclear segregation and the delayed appearance of induced mutants in Escheriehia coli. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 16, 337.Google Scholar
  933. Witkin, Evelyn M., 1958: Post-irradiation metabolism and the timing of ultraviolet-induced mutations in bacteria. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Genetics Montreal, 280.Google Scholar
  934. Woese, C. R., 1958: Comparison of the X-ray sensitivity of bacterial spores. J. Bact. 75, 5.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  935. Wohlfarth-Bottermann, K.-E., 1961: Cytologische Studien VII, Strukturaspekte der Grandsubstanz des Cytoplasmas nach Einwirkung verschiedener Fixierungsmittel. Untersuchungen am Hyaloplasma von Amöben der Limax-and Proteus-Gruppe. Protoplasma 53, 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  936. Wolfe, S. L., M. Beer, and C. R. Zobel, 1962: The relative staining of nucleic acids in a model system and in tissue. Proc. Fifth Int. Congr. Electron microscopy, Philadelphia. New York: Academic Press, 2, 0–6.Google Scholar
  937. Wollman, E. L., and F. Jacob, 1955: Sur le mécanisme du transfert de matériel génétique au cours de la recombinaison chez Escheriehia coltK 12. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 240, 2449.Google Scholar
  938. Wollman, E. L., and F. Jacob, 1959: La sexualité des bactéries. Paris: Masson amp; Cie.Google Scholar
  939. Wollman, E. L., and W. Hayes, 1956: Conjugation and genetic recombination in Escherichia coltK 12. Cold Spr. Harb, Symp. quant. Biol. 21, 141.Google Scholar
  940. Won, W. D., 1950: The production of “giant” cells of Pasteurella pestisby treatment with camphor. J. Bact. 60, 102.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  941. Wyatt, G. R., and S. S. Cohen, 1952: Nucleic acids of Rickettsiae. Nature 170, 846.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  942. Wyss, O., M. G. Neumann, and M. D. Socolofsky, 1961: Development and germination of the Azotobactercyst. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 10, 555.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  943. Yamane, T., and N. Davidson, 1961: On the complexing of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by mercuric ion. J. amer. chem. Soc. 83, 2599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  944. Yamane, T., and N. Davidson, 1962: On the complexing of deoxyribonucleic acid by silver (I). Biochim. biophys. Acta 55, 609.Google Scholar
  945. Yoshikawa, H., 1965: DNA synthesis during germination of Bacillus subtilisspores. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 53, 1476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  946. Yoshikawa, H., A. O’sullivan, and N. Sueoka, 1964: Sequential replication of the Bacillus subtilischromosome. III. Regulation of initiation. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 52, 973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  947. Yoshikawa, H., and N. Sueoka, 1963: Sequential replication of the Bacillus subtilischromosome. I. Comparison of marker frequencies in exponential and stationary growth phases. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 49, 559.Google Scholar
  948. Young, I. Elizabeth, and P. C. Fitz-James, 1959: Pattern of synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid in Bacillus cereusgrowing synchronously out of spores. Nature 183, 372.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  949. Yuasa, A., T. Hirano, and O. Suzuki, 1955: in Japanese (Studies in the cytology of Mycobacterium. III. The digestion-method of the nucleus). Jap. J. Genet. 30, 78.Google Scholar
  950. Zapf, K., 1957: Untersuchungen zum Problem des Bakterienzellkerns Penicillinbeeinfluliter Coli-Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt., L Abt. Orig. 167, 565.Google Scholar
  951. Zavarzin, G. A., 1960: in Russian (Developmental cycle and nuclear apparatus of Hyphomicrobium bulgare Stutz. and Hartleb). Mikrobiologija (Moscow) 29, 38.Google Scholar
  952. Zavarzin, G. A., 1961: in Russian (The budding bacteria). Mikrobiologija (Moscow) 30, 952.Google Scholar
  953. Zettnow, E., 1899: Romanowski’s Färbung bei Bakterien. Z. Hyg. 30, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  954. Zobel, C. R., and M. Beer, 1961: Electron stains. I. Chemical studies on the interaction of DNA with uranyl salts. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 10, 335.Google Scholar
  955. Zubay, G., 1959: The interaction of nucleic acid with Mg-ions. Biochim. biophys. Acta 32, 233.Google Scholar
  956. Zubay, G., and P. Doty, 1958: Nucleic acid interactions with metal ions and amino acids. Biochim. biophys. Acta 29, 47.Google Scholar
  957. Zubay, G., and M. R. Watson, 1959: The absence of histone in the bacterium Escherithia coli. I. Preparation and analysis of nucleoprotein extract. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 5, 51.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag/Wien 1969

Authors and Affiliations

  • G. Wolfgang Fuhs
    • 1
  1. 1.AlbanyUSA

Personalised recommendations