Recent Development of Japan’s Space Policy: The Quasi-Zenith Satellite Programme and the Space Policy Making Process

Abstract

The first Quasi-Zenith satellite “MICHIBIKI” was launched on 11 September 2010. The Quasi-Zenith Satellites System uses multiple satellites that have the same orbital period as geostationary satellites with some orbital inclinations (their orbits are known as “Quasi-Zenith Orbits”). These satellites are placed in multiple orbital planes, so that one satellite always appears near the zenith above the region of Japan. The system makes it possible to provide high accuracy satellite positioning services covering close to 100% of Japan, including urban, canyon and mountain terrain. The image of the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System using three satellites is shown in Fig. 9.1 below.