Skip to main content

The Broader View

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 2177 Accesses

Part of the book series: The Frontiers Collection ((FRONTCOLL))

Abstract

The conclusion arising from the arguments given in this book is that there are other forms of causation than those encompassed by physics and physical chemistry alone, or even in genetics and neuroscience.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    See http://aeon.co/magazine/philosophy/natures-library-of-platonic-forms for an accessible description.

  2. 2.

    The reader will recognise the rest of this section as a polemical text, building on the science in the rest of the book.

  3. 3.

    http://nalibali.org.

  4. 4.

    Described in http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-04-mri-association-young-children-brain.html.

References

  1. H. Abadzi, Efficient Learning for the Poor: Insights from the Frontier of Cognitive Neuroscience (The World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. D. Abbott, P.C.W. Davies, C.R. Shalizi, Order from disorder: the role of noise in creative processes. Fluc. Noise Lett. 02, 1 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. R.L. Ackoff, Systems thinking and thinking systems. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 10, 175–188 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. R.L. Ackoff, F.E. Emery, On Purposeful Systems: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Individual and Social Behavior as a System of Purposeful Events (Aldine, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. U. Alon, An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits (Chapman and Hall, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. Ambady, The mind in the world: culture and the brain. Assoc. Psychol. Sci. 24(5–6), 49 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. B.B. Armbruster, F. Lehr, J. Osborn, The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read: Put Reading First (National Institute for literacy, 2000). http://lincs.ed.gov/publications/pdf/PRFbooklet.pdf

  8. P.W. Atkins, The limitless power of science, in Nature’s Imagination: the Frontiers of Scientific Vision, ed. by J. Cornwell (Oxford University Press, Oxford), pp. 122–132

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Auletta, G. Ellis, L. Jaeger, Top-down causation: from a philosophical problem to a scientific research program. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 5, 1159–1172 (2007). arXiv:0710.4235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Barton, Literacy: An Introduction to the Ecology of Written Language (Blackwell, Malden, Massachusetts, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Bar-Yam, "General Features of Complex Systems" Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS UNESCO Publishers, Oxford, UK, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  12. C. Baugh, Correlation function and power spectra in cosmology, in Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, ed. by P. Murdin (IOP Publishing, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. Beer, Brain of the Firm (Wiley, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  14. N. Bellomo, A. Elaiw, A.M. Althiabi, M.A. Alghamdi, On the interplay between mathematics and biology: Hallmarks toward a new systems biology. Phys. Life Rev. 12, 44–64 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. R.P. Benthal, Doctoring the Mind: Why Psychiatric Treatments Fail (Penguin, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. P.L. Berger, Invitation to Sociology (Anchor Books, 1963)

    Google Scholar 

  17. G.L. Bissex, Gnys at Wrk: A Child Learns to Write and Read (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  18. C. Bloch, Chloe’s Story: First Steps into Literacy (Juta Academic, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  19. C. Bloch, Enabling Effective Literacy Learning in Multilingual South African Early Childhood Classrooms (University of Cape Town, PRAESA, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. Bloch, Theory and Strategy of Early Literacy in Contemporary Africa with Special Reference to South Africa (PRAESA, University of Cape Town, 2006). Occasional Papers No. 25

    Google Scholar 

  21. G. Booch, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications (Addison Wesley, New York, NY, 1994)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Borowsky, J. Cummine, W.J. Owen, C.K. Friesen, F. Shih, G.E. Sarty, fMRI of ventral and dorsal processing streams in basic reading processes: insular sensitivity to phonology. Brain Topogr. 18, 233–239 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Borowsky, C. Esopenko, J. Cummine, G.E. Sarty, Neural representations of visual words and objects: a functional MRI study on the modularity of reading and object processing. Brain Topogr. 20, 89 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. V. Brattka, M. Hendtlass, A.P. Kreuzer, On the uniform computational content of computability theory. http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.00433

  25. J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man (Little Brown and Co., Boston, 1973)

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. Bruner, Child’s Talk: Learning to Use Language (Norton, New York, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  27. J.T. Cacioppo, J. Decety, Social neuroscience: challenges and opportunities in the study of complex behavior. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1224, 162–173 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. B. Cambourne, Toward an educationally relevant theory of literacy learning: twenty years of inquiry. Read. Teach. 43, 182–190 (1995). doi:10.1598/RT.49.3.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. D.T. Campbell, Downward causation, in Studies in the Philosophy of Biology: Reduction and Related Problems, ed. by F.J. Ayala, T. Dobhzansky (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  30. N.A. Campbell, J.B. Reece, Biology (Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  31. S.T. Chan, S.W. Tang, K.W. Tang, W.K. Lee, S.S. Lo, K.K. Kwong, Hierarchical coding of characters in the ventral and dorsal visual streams of Chinese language processing. Neuroimage 48, 423 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. J.-P. Changeux, A. Connes, Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics (Princeton University Press, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  33. T. Chouard, Breaking the protein rules: if dogma dictates that proteins need a structure to function, then why do so many of them live in a state of disorder? Nature 471, 151 (2011). doi:10.1038/471151a

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Chowdhury, Stochastic mechano-chemical kinetics of molecular motors: a multidisciplinary enterprise from a physicist’s perspective. Phys. Rep. 529, 1–197 (2013)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  35. P. Churchland, Plato’s Camera: How the Physical Brain Captures a Landscape of Abstract Universals (MIT Press, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  36. C.W. Churchman, The Systems Approach (Delacorte Press, 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  37. P. Clayton, Mind and Emergence: From Quantum to Consciousness (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  38. P. Clayton, P.C.W. Davies (eds.), The Re-emergence of Emergence (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  39. S. Conway Morris, Life’s Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Conway Morris (ed.), The Deep Structure of Biology (Templeton Foundation Press, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  41. F. Crick, Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul (Scribner, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  42. A. Davis, To read or not to read: decoding synthetic phonics, in IMPACT: Philosophical Perspectives on Education Policy, vol. 20 (Wiley, 2013). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2048-416X.2013.12000.x/epdf

  43. T. Deacon, The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Human Brain (Penguin Books, London, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  44. T. Deacon, Universal grammar and semiotic constraints, in Language Evolution, ed. by M. Christiansen, S. Kirby (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003), pp. 111–139

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. G. Deco, E.T. Rolls, Neurodynamics of biased competition and cooperation for attention: a model with spiking neurons. J. Neurophysiol. (2005). doi:10.1152/jn.01095.2004

    Google Scholar 

  46. G. Deco, E.T. Rolls, R. Romo, Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function. Prog. Neurobiol. 88, 1–16 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. S. Dehaene, Reading in the Brain: The New Science of How We Read (Penguin, London, UK, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  48. H.L. de Jong, Levels of explanation in biological psychology. Philos. Psychol. 15, 441–462 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. S. Dodelson, Modern Cosmology (Academic Press, San Diego, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. Donald, A Mind so Rare: The Evolution of Human Consciousness (W. W. Norton, New York, 2001), pp. 29–36

    Google Scholar 

  51. W. Dubitzky, O. Wolkenhauer, H. Yokota, K.-H. Cho (eds.), Encyclopedia of Systems Biology (Springer, New York, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  52. R. Dunbar, Human Evolution (Pelican Books, London, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  53. J. Dupré, Human Nature and the Limits of Science (Oxford University Press, New York, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  54. A. Ebe, What eye movement and miscue analysis reveals about the reading process of young bilinguals, in Scientific Realism in Studies of reading, ed. by A.D. Flurkey, E.J. Paulson, K.S. Goodman (Taylor and Francis, London, 2008), pp. 131–152

    Google Scholar 

  55. A.S. Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World (MacMillan, 1928)

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. Eldar, M.B. Elowitz, Functional role for noise in genetic circuits. Nature 467, 167–173 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Elder-Vass, The Causal Power of Social Structures: Emergence, Structure and Agency (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  58. G.F.R. Ellis, Physics, complexity, and causality. Nature 435, 743 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. G.F.R. Ellis, Issues in the philosophy of cosmology, in Handbook in Philosophy of Physics ed. by J. Butterfield, J. Earman (Elsevier, 2006), pp. 1183–1285. http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0602280

  60. G.F.R. Ellis, On the nature of causation in complex systems. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 63, 69–84 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. G.F.R. Ellis, Commentary on ‘An Evolutionarily Informed Education Science’ by David C Geary. Educ. Psychol. 43, 206–213 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. G.F.R. Ellis, Top-down causation and emergence: some comments on mechanisms. J. Roy. Soc. Interface Focus 2, 126–140 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. G.F.R. Ellis, On the philosophy of cosmology. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part B. Stud. Hist. Philos. Mod. Phys. 46, 5–23 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. G.F.R. Ellis, Necessity, purpose, and chance: the role of randomness and indeterminism in nature from complex macroscopic systems to relativistic cosmology (2014). http://www.mth.uct.ac.za/~ellis/George_Ellis_Randomness.pdf

  65. G.F.R. Ellis, D. Noble, T. O’Connor, Top-down causation: an integrating theme within and across the sciences? Interface Focus 2(1) (2012). http://rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/1/1.short

    Google Scholar 

  66. N.C. Ellis, Emergentism, connectionism and language learning. Lang. Learn. 48, 631–664 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. M.B. Elowitz, A.J. Levine, E.D. Siggia, P.S. Swain, Stochastic gene expression in a single cell. Science 297, 1183–1186 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. A. Falcon, Aristotle on Causality, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2015 Edition). ed. by Edward N. Zalta. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/aristotle-causality

  69. G. Fauconnier, Mappings in Thought and Language (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  70. C. Fernando, E. Szathmáry, P. Husbands, Selectionist and evolutionary approaches to brain function: a critical appraisal. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 6, 24 (2012). doi:10.3389/fncom.2012.00024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. E. Ferreiro, A. Teberosky, Literacy Before Schooling (Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  72. R. Feynman, The Character of Physical Law (Modern Library, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  73. R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton, M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics: Quantum Mechanics (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass, 1965)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  74. D. Fleisch, A Student’s Guide to Maxwell’s Equations (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2008)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  75. R.L. Flood, E. Carson, Dealing with Complexity: An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science (Springer, USA, 1993)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  76. A.D. Flurkey, E.J. Paulsen, K.S. Goodman, Scientific Realism in Studies of Reading (Laurence Erlbaum, New York, NY, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  77. B. Flyvbjerg, Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Enquiry Fails and How it Can Succeed Again (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  78. B. Flyvbjerg, T. Landman, S. Schram, Real Social Science: Applied Phronesis (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  79. V.E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning (Beacon Press. Boston 1963, (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  80. C. Frith, Making up the Mind: How the Brain Creates Our Mental World (Blackwell, Malden, 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  81. M. Gellman, The Quark and the Jaguar (Abacus, London, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  82. S.H. Gellman (ed.), Molecular recognition. Chem. Rev. 97(5), 1231–1232 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  83. M. Gellman, The Quark and the Jaguar (Abacus, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  84. S. Gilbert, Developmental Biology (Sinauer, Sunderland, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  85. S.F. Gilbert, D. Epel, Ecological Developmental Biology (Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  86. P.W. Glimcher, Indeterminacy in brain and behavior. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 56, 25–56 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. K.S. Goodman, Reading: a psycholinguistic guessing game, in Language and Literacy: The Selected Writings of Kenneth Goodman, vol. 1, ed. by F.V. Gollasch (London, UK, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967), pp. 33–44

    Google Scholar 

  88. K. Goodman, What’s Whole in Whole Language: 20th, Anniversary edn. (RDR Books, Muskegon, MI, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  89. K. Goodman, “Afterword: whole language and the pedagogy of the absurd. What’s whole in whole language” 20th anniversary edition, in What’s Whole in Whole Language: 20th Anniversary Edition (RDR Books, Muskegon, MI, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  90. K.S. Goodman, The Truth About DIBELS: What It Is-What It Does (Heinemann, Portsmouth, NH, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  91. K. Goodman, Suffer Little Children to Come to Be DIBELed (2008). http://www.u.arizona.edu/~kgoodman/sufferlittlechildren.htm

  92. K.S. Goodman, E.B. Smith, R. Meredith, Y.T. Goodman, Language and Thinking in School: A Whole Language Curriculum (Richard C. Owen Publishers, New York, NY, 1986)

    Google Scholar 

  93. A. Gopnik, A. Meltzoff, P. Kuhl, The Scientist in the Crib: What Early Learning Tells Us about the Mind (Perennial, New York, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  94. M. Gove, Speech on improving the quality of teaching and leadership, given on 5 Sept 2013 at Policy Exchange, London (2013), http://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/michael-gove-speaks-about-theimportance-of-teaching. Accessed 3 Nov 2013

  95. J. Gottschall, The Storytelling Animal: How Stories Make Us Human (Boston, Mariner Books, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  96. P. Gray, Psychology (Worth, New York, NY, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  97. S.I. Greenspan, S.G. Shanker, The First Idea: How Symbols, Language, and Intelligence Evolved from our Primate Ancestors to Modern Humans (Da Capo Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  98. A.C. Guyton, Basic Human Physiology (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1977)

    Google Scholar 

  99. N. Hall, Writing with Reason (Hodder and Stoughton, London, UK, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  100. M. Halliday, Learning How to Mean (Edward Arnold, London, 1975)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  101. A.S. Hansen, E.K. O’Shea, Promoter decoding of transcription factor dynamics involves a trade-off between noise and control of gene expression. Mol. Syst. Biol. 9, 704 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. C.M. Harris, D.M. Wolpert, Signal-dependent noise determines motor planning. Nature 394, 780–784 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. E. Harrison, Cosmology: The Science of the Universe (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  104. L.H. Hartwell, J.J. Hopfield, S. Leibler, A.W. Murray, From molecular to modular cell biology. Nature 402, C47–C52 (1999). Supplement (2 December 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  105. D. Haslacher, Beyond the computational–representational brain: why affective neuroscience tells us attitudes must be explained on multiple levels. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 8, 419 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. J. Hawkins, On Intelligence (Holt Paperbacks, New York, NY, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  107. S.B. Heath, Ways with Words (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  108. G. Hinshaw, WMAP data put cosmic inflation to the test. Phys. World 19, 16–19 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  109. E.P. Hoel, L. Albantakis, G. Tononi, Quantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro. PNAS 110, 19790–19795 (2013). http://www.pnas.org/content/110/49/19790.abstract

    Google Scholar 

  110. P.M. Hoffmann, Life’s Ratchet: How Molecular Machines Extract Order from Chaos (Basic Books, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  111. J.H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  112. D. Holdaway, The Foundations of Literacy (Ashton Scholastic, Sydney, 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  113. M. Hoey, Textual Interaction: An Introduction to Written Discourse Analysis (Routledge, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  114. M. Hoey, Lexical Priming: A New Theory of Words and Language (Routledge, London, UK, 2005)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  115. S. Hunston, Corpora in Applied Linguistics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  116. D. Huron, Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  117. J.S. Hutton, T. Horowitz-Kraus, T. De Witt, S. Holland, Parent–child reading increases activation of brain networks supporting emergent literacy in 3–5 year-old children: an fMRI study. Presentation at Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting in San Diego. Session: General Pediatrics and Preventive Pediatrics—Prevention and Early Intervention, 25 Apr 2015

    Google Scholar 

  118. J.S. Hutton, T. Horowitz-Kraus, A.L. Mendelsohn, T. DeWitt, S.K. Holland, Home reading environment and brain activation in preschool children listening to stories. Pediatrics 136(3), 466–478 (2015). doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. P.A. Iglesias, B.P. Ingalis, Control Theory and Systems Biology (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  120. C.J. Isham, Lectures on Quantum Theory: Mathematical and Structural Foundations (Imperial College Press, London, 1995)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  121. L. Jaeger, E.R. Calkins, Downward causation by information control in micro-organisms. Interface Focus 2, 26–41 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. J. Kagan, The Human Spark: The Science of Human Development (Basic Books, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  123. E. Kandel, Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and the New Biology of Mind (American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  124. E. Kandel, The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind, and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present (Random House, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  125. E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, T.M. Jessell, Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, New York, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  126. D.E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Design of Algorithms (Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford, CA, 2010)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  127. S.D. Krashen, T.D. Terrell, The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Classroom (Alemany Press, San Francisco, CA, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  128. B.-O. Küppers, Information and the Origin of Life (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  129. J. Le Fanu, The Rise and Fall of Modern medicine (Abacus, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  130. J.-M. Lehn, Perspectives in supramolecular chemistry: from molecular recognition towards molecular information processing and self-organization. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 89–121 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. J.-M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1995)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  132. D.J. Levitin, This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession (Plume, London, UK, 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  133. C.S. Lewis, Of Other Worlds: Essays and Stories (Harcourt, 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  134. O. Lombardi, The ontological autonomy of the chemical world: facing the criticisms, in Philosophy of Chemistry, ed. by E. Scerri, L. McIntyre, vol. 306. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science

    Google Scholar 

  135. J.E. Longres, Human Behaviour in the Social Environment (F.E, Peacock, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  136. G.R. Lyon, J.M. Rumsey (eds.), Neuroimaging: A Window to the Neurological Foundations of Learning and Behaviour in Children (Brookes, Baltimore, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  137. P.K. Maini, T.E. Woolley, R.E. Baker, E.A. Gaffney, S.S. Lee, Turing’s model for biological pattern formation and the robustness problem. Interface Focus 2, 487–496 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. D. Marr, Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information (W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  139. M. Martinez, A. Moyo, Natural selection and multi-level causation. Philos. Theor. Biol. 3, 2 (2011). http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/ptb/6959004.0003.002/--natural-selection-and-multi-level-causation?rgn=main;view=fulltex

  140. H.H. McAdams, A. Arkin, Stochastic mechanisms in gene expression. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 94, 814–819 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  141. G. McGhee, Convergent Evolution: Limited Forms most Beautiful (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  142. G. McGhee, Convergent Evolution: Limited Forms Most Beautiful (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  143. A.R. McIntosh, N. Kovacevic, R.J. Itier, Increased brain signal variability accompanies lower behavioral variability in development. PLOS Comput. Biol. 4, e1000106 (2008)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  144. A.R. McIntosh, N. Kovacevic, S. Lippe, D. Garrett, C. Grady, V. Jirsa, The development of a noisy brain. Arch. Ital. Biol. 148, 323–337 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  145. R. Meyer, Phonics Exposed: Understanding and Resisting Systematic Direct Intense Phonics Instruction (Erlbaum, London, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  146. M. Miodownik, Stuff Matters: Exploring the Marvelous Materials that Shape our Man-Made World (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  147. J. Monod, Chance and Necessity: An Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology (Penguin, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  148. V.F. Mukhanov, H.A. Feldman, R.H. Brandenberger, Theory of cosmological perturbations. Phys. Rep. 215, 203–333 (1992)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  149. N. Murphy, W. Brown, Did My Neurons Make me Do it? Philosophical and Neurobiological Perspectives on Moral Responsibility and Free Will (Oxford University Press, New York, 2007)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  150. N. Murphy, G.F.R. Ellis, T. O’Connor (eds.), Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will (Springer, Heidelberg, 2009)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  151. J.K. Nicholson, E. Holmes, J.C. Lindon, I.D. Wilson, The challenges of modeling mammalian biocomplexity. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1268–1274 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. D. Noble, The Music of Life: Biology Beyond Genes (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  153. D. Noble, A theory of biological relativity: no privileged level of causation. Interface Focus 2, 55–64 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. V.G. Paley, The Boy Who Would Be a Helicopter: The Uses of Storytelling in the Classroom (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  155. Quaker Faith and Practice, 27.22 (Religious Society of Friends, London)

    Google Scholar 

  156. R. Penrose, The Large, the Small and the Human Mind (Cambridge University Press, Canton, 2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  157. I. Percival, Schrödinger’s quantum cat. Nature 351, 357 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  158. G.A. Petsko, D. Ringe, Protein Structure and Function (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  159. J. Piaget, Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood (Norton, New York, 1962)

    Google Scholar 

  160. D. Purves, Brains: How they Seem to Work (FT Press Science, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  161. A. Rae, Quantum Physics: Illusion or Reality? (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  162. C.V. Rao, D.M. Wolf, A.P. Arkin, Control, exploitation and tolerance of intracellular noise. Nature 420, 231–237 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  163. J.M. Raser, E.K. O’Shea, Noise in gene expression: origins, consequences, and control. Science 309, 2010–2013 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  164. R. Rhoades, R. Pflanzer, Human Physiology (Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  165. J.G. Roederer, Information and Its Role in Nature (Springer, Heidelberg, 2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  166. B. Rogoff, The Cultural Nature of Human Development (Oxford University Press, New York, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  167. E.T. Rolls, G. Deco, The Noisy Brain: Stochastic Dynamics as a Principle of Brain Function (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  168. M.S. Samoilov, G. Price, A. Arkin, From fluctuations to phenotypes: the physiology of noise. Sci. STKE 2006(366), re17 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  169. J. Scalo, J.C. Wheeler, P. Williams, Intermittent jolts of galactic UV radiation: mutagenetic effects, in Frontiers of Life, 12th Rencontres de Blois ed. by L.M. Celnikier (2001). arXiv:astroph/0104209

  170. S. Shaywitz, Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and Complete Science-Based Program for Reading Problems at any Level (Vintage, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  171. S. Shaywitz, B.M. Shaywitz, K.R. Pugh, P. Skudlarski, R.K. Fulbright, R.T. Constable, R.A. Bronen, J.M. Fletcher, A.M. Liberman, D.P. Shankweiler, L. Katz, C. Lacadie, K.E. Marchione, J.C. Gore, The neurobiology of developmental dyslexia as viewed through the lens of functional magnetic resonance imaging technology, in Neuroimaging: A Window to the Neurological Foundations of Learning and Behaviour in Children, ed. by G.R. Lyon, J.M. Rumsey (Baltimore, Brookes, 1996), pp. 80–94

    Google Scholar 

  172. N. Shea, Distinguishing top-down from bottom-up effects, in Perception and Its Modalities, ed. by S. Biggs, M. Matthen, D. Stokes (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  173. J. Silk, A Short History of the Universe (Henry Holt and Company, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  174. J. Silk, The Big Bang (Henry Holt and Company, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  175. H.A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  176. C. Snow et al., Developing Early Literacy: Report of the National Early Literacy Panel. A Scientific Synthesis of Early Literacy Development and Implications for Intervention (National Institute for Literacy, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  177. K. Stotz, Extended evolutionary psychology: the importance of transgenerational developmental plasticity. Front. Psychol 5(1), 908 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  178. S.L. Strauss, The Linguistics, Neurology, and Politics of Phonics: Silent E Speaks out (Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, New Jersey, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  179. S.L. Strauss, The political economy of dyslexia. Mon. Rev. 66(04) (2014). http://monthlyreview.org/2014/09/01/the-political-economy-of-dyslexia

    Google Scholar 

  180. S.L. Strauss, B. Altwerger, The logographic nature of English alphabetics and the fallacy of direct intensive phonics instruction. J. Early Child. Lit. 7, 299–317 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. S.L. Strauss, K.S. Goodman, E.J. Paulson, Brain research and reading: how emerging concepts in neuroscience support a meaning constructionist view of the reading process. Educ. Res. Rev. 4, 21–33 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  182. B. Street, Literacy in Theory and Practice (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  183. B. Street, Social Literacies: Critical Approaches to Literacy Development, Ethnography and Education (Longman, London, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  184. A.S. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organisation (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  185. C. Taylor, Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  186. D. Taylor, Beginning to Read and the Spin Doctors of Science: The Political Campaign to Change America’s Mind about How Children Learn to Read (National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  187. J.L. Tinker, B.E. Robertson, A.V. Kravtsov, A. Klypin, M.S. Warren, G. Yepes, S. Gottlober, The large scale bias of dark matter halos: numerical calibration and model tests. Astrophys. J. 724, 878–886 (2010). arXiv:1001.3162

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  188. M. Tomasello, The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition (Harvard University Press, Boston, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  189. M. Tomasello, Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition (Harvard University Press, Boston, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  190. C.J. Torgerson, G. Brooks, J. Hall, A Systematic Review of the Research Literature on the Use of Phonics in the Teaching of Reading and Spelling (DfES, London, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  191. P.U. Tse, The Neural Basis of Free Will (MIT Press, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  192. M.A. Turing, The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 237, 37–72 (1952)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  193. J.-P. Uzan, The big bang theory: construction, evolution, and status. L’UNIVERS, Séminaire Poincaré XX 1–69, (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  194. S. Vogel, Cats’ Paws and Catapults: Mechanical Worlds of Nature and People (W. W. Norton, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  195. L.S. Vygotsky, Mind in Society (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  196. A. Wagner, Arrival of the Fittest: Solving Evolution’s Greatest Puzzle (Current, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  197. S.I. Walker, P.C.W. Davies, The algorithmic origins of life. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 10 (2013). http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.4803

    Google Scholar 

  198. S.I. Walker, L. Cisneros, P.C.W. Davies, Evolutionary transitions and top-down causation, in Proceedings of Artificial Life XIII (2013), pp. 283–290. http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.4803

  199. S.I. Walker, P.C.W. Davies, G.F.R. Ellis (eds.), Information and Causality: From Matter to Life (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  200. J.D. Watson, Molecular Biology of the Gene (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  201. S. Webster, Thinking about Biology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  202. G. Wells, The Meaning Makers (Heinemann, Portsmouth, NH, 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  203. J. Willis, The neuroscience of joyful education, Educational Leadership (ASCD). Summer 2007, vol. 64, Engaging the Whole Child (2007). ASCD website, http://www.ascd.org/portal/site/ascd

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to George Ellis .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ellis, G. (2016). The Broader View. In: How Can Physics Underlie the Mind?. The Frontiers Collection. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49809-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49809-5_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-49807-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-49809-5

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics