Zusammenfassung
Sobald eine raumfordernde Läsion in der Schädelhöhle akut ein Volumen von mehr als 50 ml erreicht, wirkt sie komprimierend auf das Hirngewebe und kann zu Funktionsstörungen, z. B. zu einer Lähmung führen. Wenn sie weiter an Volumen zunimmt und lebenswichtige Hirnanteile komprimiert werden, geben diese ihre Funktion auf, der Patient wird bewusstlos und kann an der raumfordernden Läsion sterben. Auch die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die raumfordernde Läsion entwickelt, spielt eine Rolle. Beim Erwachsenen kann die starre Schädelkapsel der Volumenvermehrung durch die intrakranielle Geschwulst nicht nachgeben. Die Hüllstrukturen (Dura, Knochen) lassen keine wesentlichen Ausweichmöglichkeiten für einen raumfordernden Prozess zu. Dies gilt nicht für Tumoren im frühen Kindesalter, wenn die Knochennähte und Fontanellen noch nicht geschlossen sind.
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