Advanced Concepts: Beyond the Shockley–Queisser Limit

  • Gottfried H. Bauer
Part of the Lecture Notes in Physics book series (LNP, volume 901)

Abstract

The main difference between the theoretical limit of solar energy conversion, like that of a Mueser engine at maximum concentration (see Sect.  4.1.4, where we found η Mues = 0. 86) and the Shockley–Queisser efficiency , representing the radiative limit of a single-gap absorber illuminated by sunlight without concentration (η SQ = 0. 29, [1]) results from
  • the excess energy of photons \(\hslash \omega >\epsilon _{\mathrm{g}}\) which is converted into heat,

  • the amount of photons \(\hslash \omega <\epsilon _{\mathrm{g}}\) not absorbed,

  • the low photon solid angle \(\varOmega _{\mathrm{in}} =\varOmega _{\mathrm{Sun}} = 5.3 \times 10^{-6}\) of non-concentrated sunlight1 compared to the solid angle for emission Ω out (e.g., for flat absorbers with highly reflecting rear contacts Ω out = 2π)

Keywords

Photonic Crystal Fluorescence Photon Intermediate Band Tandem Cell Solar Photon 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

References

  1. 1.
    W. Shockley, H.-J. Queisser, J. Appl. Phys. 32, 510 (1961)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    W.T. Welford, R. Winston, The Optics of Non-imaging Concentrators (Academic, New York, 1978)Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    W.H. Weber, J. Lambe, Appl. Opt. 15, 2299 (1976)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    A. Goetzberger, W. Greubel, Appl. Phys. 14, 123 (1977)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    E. Yablonovich, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, 1362 (1980)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    G. Smestad et al., Sol. Energy Mater. 21, 99 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    T. Markvart, J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 10, 015008 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    T. Markvart, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 026101 (2006)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    U. Rau et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 171101 (2005)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    E. Yablonovitch, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 899 (1982)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    C. Ulbrich et al., Phys. Status Solidi (a) 205, 2831 (2008)Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    A. Bielawny et al., Phys. Status Solidi (a) 205, 2796 (2008)Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    S. Knabe et al., Phys. Status Solidi (RRL) 4, 118 (2010)Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    L. Shaffer, Sol. Energy 2, 21 (1958)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    C. Liebert, R. Hibbard, Sol. Energy 6, 84 (1962)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    A. De Vos, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 13, 839 (1980)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    P. Baruch, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 1347 (1985)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    G.H. Bauer et al., in Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, European Commission ∕ Directorate General Joint Research Centre Environment Institute Renewable Energies Unit Ispra (I), (ISBN 92-828-5179-6) 1998, p. 132Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    A. Marti, G.L. Araujo, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 43, 203 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    W.H. Bloss et al., in Proceedings of 3rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 1981), p. 401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    J. Fischer et al., J. Appl. Phys. 108, 044912 (2010)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    E. Klampaftis et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93, 1182 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    A. Luque et al., J. Appl. Phys. 96, 903 (2004)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    A. Luque, A. Marti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5014 (1997)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    R.T. Ross, A.J. Nozik, J. Appl. Phys. 53, 3813 (1982); A.J. Nozik, Physica E 14, 115 (2002)Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    V.S. Vavilov, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 8, 223 (1959)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    O. Christensen, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 689 (1976)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    F.J. Wilkinson et al., J. Appl. Phys. 54, 1172 (1983)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    S. Kolodinsky et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2405 (1993)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    P. Würfel et al., Progr. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 13, 277 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    R.J. Ellington et al., Nano Lett. 5, 865 (2005)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    G. Allan, C. Delerue, Phys. Rev. B 73, 205423 (2006)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    M.C. Beard et al., Nano Lett. 10, 3019 (2010)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    J.-W. Luo et al., Nano Lett. 8, 3174 (2008)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    F. Hallermann et al., Phys. Status Solidi (a) 205, 2844 (2008)Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    S. Link et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 3529 (1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    S. Link et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 4212 (1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    S. Pillai et al., J. Appl. Phys. 101, 093105 (2007)CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    T.J. Coutts, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 66, 443 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin, Solid State Physics/International Edition (W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1976)Google Scholar
  41. 41.
    J.C.C. Fan, G.W. Turner, R.GP. Gale, C.O. Bozler, in Conference Record of 14th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (IEEE, New York, 1980), p. 1102Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    Khz. Seeger, Semiconductor Physics. Springer Series in Solid State Sciences, vol. 40 (Springer, Berlin, 1989)Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Gottfried H. Bauer
    • 1
  1. 1.Institut für Physik Carl von Ossietzky Universität AG HalbleiterphysikOldenburgGermany

Personalised recommendations