Asian Upper Blepharoplasty

Chapter

Abstract

The principle goal of the Asian upper blepharoplasty, or the “double eyelid” procedure, is to create a crisp, clean upper eyelid fold thus imparting the appearance of a wider eye. In order to successfully perform Asian upper blepharoplasty, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the underlying anatomy, to be able to appreciate the subtle nature of the patient’s desire and expectations, and to tailor the procedure to the patient’s specific features and their aesthetic demands in the context of their cultural identity. The double eyelid procedure is the most commonly requested cosmetic procedure by Asian patients [1]. Approximately 50 % of East Asians have a “single eyelid” characterized by a lack of a supratarsal fold with the upper lid draping like a single sheet from the supraorbital ridge to the eyelashes [2]. Even for those Asians with double eyelids, many desire enhancement to improve upon a rudimentary or small fold with abundant periorbital fat and excess eyelid skin.

Keywords

Palpebral Fissure Orbital Septum Ciliary Margin Tarsal Plate Levator Aponeurosis 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Ohmori K (1990) Aesthetic surgery in the Asian patient. In: McCarthy JG (ed) Plastic surgery, vol 3. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 2420–2426Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Liu D, Hsu WM (1986) Oriental eyelids: anatomic difference and surgical consideration. Opthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2:59–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Matsunaga RS (1985) Westernization of the Asian eyelid. Arch Otolaryngol 111:149–153CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Sayoc BT (1974) Surgery of the oriental eyelid. Clin Plast Surg 1(1):157–170PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Flowers RS (1987) The art of eyelid and orbital aesthetics: multiracial surgical considerations. Clin Plast Surg 14:703–721PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Park JS, Ham KS et al (1990) Study on the beauty sense for the eyes in Korean. Korean J Plast Surg 17:196Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Sayoc BT (1956) Absence of superior palpebral fold in slit eyes: an anatomic and physiological explanation. Am J Ophthalmol 42(2):298–300CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Sayoc BT (1967) Anatomic considerations in the plastic construction of a palpebral fold in the full upper eyelid. Am J Ophthalmol 63:155–158CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Siegel R (1984) Surgical anatomy of the upper eyelid fascia. Ann Plast Surg 13(4):263–723CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Collin JR, Beard C, Wood I (1978) Experimental and clinical data on the insertion of the levator palpebra suprioris muscle. Am J Ophthalmol 85:742–801CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Morikawa K, Yamamoto H, Uchinuma E et al (2001) Scanning electron microscopic study on double and single eyelids in Orientals. Aesthetic Plast Surg 25(1):20–24CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Uchida J (1962) A surgical procedure for blepharoptosis vera and pseudoblepharoptosis orientalis. Br J Plast Surg 15:271CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Lee SI (1985) A statistical study of upper eyelids of Korean young women. Korean J Plast Reconstr Surg 12:325Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Baek SM, Kim SS et al (1989) Oriental blepharoplasty: single-stitch, nonincision technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 83:236CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Park JI, Park MS (2007) Double-eyelid operation: orbicularis oculi-levator aponeurosis fixation technique. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 4:315–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Yoon KC, Park S (2009) Systematic approach and selective tissue removal in blepharoplasty for young Asians. Plast Reconstr Surg 102(2):502–508CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    McCurdy JA Jr (2005) Upper blepharoplasty in the Asian patient: the “double eyelid” operation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 13:47–64CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Yoon K (1993) Modification of Mustarde technique for correction of epicanthus in Asian patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 92:1182–1186CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Lin SD (2000) Correction of the epicanthal fold using the VM-plasty. Br J Plast Surg 53:95–99CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Mulliken JB, Hoopes JE (1975) W-epicanthoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 55:435–438CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Li FC, Ma LH (2008) Double eyelid blepharoplasty incorporating epicanthoplasty using Y-V advancement procedure. J Plast Reconstr Aesth Surg 61:901–905CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Park JI (2000) Modified z-epicanthoplasty in the Asian eyelid. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2(1):43–47CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Song IC, Hunter JG, Chung SC (1991) Problems in the management of blepharoplasty in Orientals. Probl Plast Reconstr Surg 1:542Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Hin LC (1985) Unfavorable results in oriental blepharoplasty. Ann Plast Surg 14:523–534CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Plastic SurgeryKaiser Foundation HospitalSan RafaelUSA

Personalised recommendations