NeuroIntensiv pp 299-313 | Cite as

Vergiftungen

Chapter

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Kapitel geht es um Vergiftungen, die vorwiegend das ZNS beeinflussen. Dabei handelt es sich um Vergiftungen durch Sedativa und Psychopharmaka. Im Einzelnen werden hier Antidepressiva, Lithiumsalze, Neuroleptika, Carbamazepin, Benzodiazepine, Zolpidem und Zopiclon besprochen.

Literatur

  1. 1.
    Balit CR, Isbister GK, Hackett LP, Whyte IM (2003) Quetiapine poisoning: A case series. Ann Emerg Med 6:751–758CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Barry D, Meyskens FL, Becker CE (1973) Phenothiazine poisoning: A review of 48 cases. Calif Med 118:1–5PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Biggs JT, Spiker DG, Petit JM et al (1977) Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: Incidence of symptoms. JAMA 238:135CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR et al (2009) 2008 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 26th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 47:911–1084CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Buckley NA, Whyte IM, Dawson AH (1995) Thioridazine has greater cardiotoxicity in overdose than other neuroleptics. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 33:199–204CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Callaham M, Schumaker H, Pentel P (1988) Phenytoin prophylaxis of cardiotoxicity in experimental amitriptyline poisoning. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 245:216–220PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Caravati EM, Bossart PJ (1991) Demographic and electrocardiographic factors associated with severe tricyclic antidepressant toxicity. Clin Toxicol 29:31–43Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Cave G, Harvey M (2009) Intravenous lipid emulsion as antidote beyond local anesthetics toxicity: A systemic review. Acad Emerg Med 16:815–824CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Charney DS, Mihic SJ, Harris R (2001) Hypnotics and sedatives. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG (Hrsg) Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10. Aufl. McGraw-Hill, New York, S 399–427Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Drummer OH, Syrjanen M, Cordner SM (1993) Deaths involving the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 14:238–243CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Dyson EH, Simpson D, Prescott LF et al (1987) Self-poisoning and therapeutic intoxication with lithium. Hum Toxicol 6:325–329CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Ereshefsky L (1999) Pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic consideration in choosing an antipsychotic. J Clin psychiatry 60(Suppl 10):20–30PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Erich JL, Shih RD, O’Connor RE (1995) »Ping-pong« gaze in severe monoamine oxidase inhibitor toxicity. J Emerg Med 13:653–655CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Eyer F, Pfab R, Felgenhauer N et al (2006) Lithium Poisoning: Pharmacokinetics and clearance during different therapeutic measures. J Clin Psychopharmacol 26:325–330CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Goldberg ND, Shindeman FE (1963) Species differences in the cardiac effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 136:142–151Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Graudins A, Stearman A, Chan B (1998) Treatment of the serotonin syndrome with cyproheptadine. J Emerg Med 16:615–619CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Gueye PN, Hoffmann JR, Taboulet P et al (1996) Empiric use of flumazenil in comatose patients: Limited applicability of criteria to define low risk. Ann Emerg Med 27:730–735CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Guze BH, Baxter LR Jr (1986) The serotonin syndrome: Case responsive to propranolol. J Clin Psychopharmacol 6:119–120CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Harvey M, Cave G (2007) Intralipid outperforms sodium bicarbonate in a rabbit model of clomipramine toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 49:178–185CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Hulten BA, Heath A (1982) Clinical aspects of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. Acta Med Scand 213:275CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Jaeger A, Sauder P, Kopferschmitt J et al (1993) When should dialysis be performed in lithium poisoning? A kinetic study in 14 cases of lithium poisoning. Clin Toxicol 31:429–447Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Kemper A, Dunlop R, Pietro D (1983) Thioridazine-induced torsades de pointes successful therapy with isoproterenol. JAMA 249:2931–2934CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Knudsen K, Abrahamsson J (1993) Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on hemodynamic parameters and arrhythmias during a continuous infusion of amitriptyline in rats. Clin Toxicol 31:461–471Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Knudsen K, Abrahamsson J (1994) Effect of epinephrine, norepinephrine, magnesium sulphate and milrinone on survival and the occurrence of arrhythmias in amitriptyline poisoning in the rat. Crit Care Med 22:1851–1855CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Kokan L, Dart RC (1996) Life threatening hypotension from venlafaxine overdose (abstract. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 34:559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Langou RA, Van Dyke C, Tahan SR (1980) Cardiovascular manifestations of tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Am Heart J 100:458–463CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Leblanc M, Raymond M, Bonnardeaux A et al (1996) Lithium poisoning treated by high- performance continuous arteriovenous and venovenous hemodiafiltration. Am J Kidney Dis 27:365–372CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Linden CH, Rumack BH, Strehlke C (1984) Monoamine oxidase inhibitor overdose. Ann Emerg Med 13:1137–1143CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Litovitz TL, Troutman WH (1983) Amoxapine overdose-seizures and fatalities. JAMA 250:1069CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    von Mach MA, Weilemann LS (2003) Aktuelle Therapie von Intoxikationen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 128:1779–1781CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Mitchell AA, Lovejoy FH, Goldman P (1976) Drug ingestions associated with miosis in comatose children. J Pediatr 89:303–305CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Pentel PR, Benowitz NL (1986) Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning: Management of arrhythmias. Med Toxicol 1:101–121CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Rotschild L, Bern S, Oswald S, Weinberg G (2010) Intravenous lipid emulsion in clinical toxicology. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 18:51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Serfaty M, Masterton G (1993) Fatal poisonings attributed to benzodiazepines in Britain during the 1980s. Br J Psychiatry 163:386–393CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Sivilotti L, Nistri A (1991) GABA receptor mechanisms in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 36:35–92CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Smith LM, Peroutka SJ (1986) Differential effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A selective drugs on the 5-HAT behavioral syndrome. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 24:1513–1519CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Smith SW, Ling LL, Haistenson CE (1991) Whole-bowel irrigation as a treatment for acute lithium overdose. Ann Emerg Med 20:536–539CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Trosch RM (2004) Neuroleptic-induced movement disorders: Deconstructing extrapyramidal symptoms. J Am Geriatr Soc 12(Suppl):266–271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Wit AL, Cranefield PF, Hoffman BF (1972) Slow conduction and re-entry in the ventricular conducting system. Circ Res 30:11CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Wysowski DK, Barash D (1991) Adverse behavioural reactions attributed to triazolam in the Food and Drug Administration’s Spontaneous Reporting System. Arch Intern Med 151:2003–2008CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Zilker T (2014) Akute Intoxikationen bei Erwachsenen – was Sie wissen sollten. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 139:31–46CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.MünchenDeutschland

Personalised recommendations