Neurologic Emergencies

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Pediatric Oncology book series (PEDIATRICO)

Abstract

Neurologic complications of cancer and cancer therapy are common and can arise rapidly in pediatric oncology patients. Some of these complications can present as emergent situations that require rapid diagnosis and treatment; familiarity with these conditions and a low index of suspicion are absolutely necessary in caring for such patients. The emergencies of spinal cord compression, acute alteration in mental status, increased intracranial pressure and stroke are addressed in this chapter. Specific attention is given to the acute neurotoxic effects of common chemotherapeutic agents. In addition to background regarding possible etiologies that are unique to the child with cancer, the evidence bases for diagnostic steps and management are discussed. This chapter provides the necessary framework to recognize potential neurologic emergencies in pediatric oncology patients and highlights when to utilize a multidisciplinary team approach including pediatric oncologists and neuro-oncologists, intensivists, neurologists, radiation oncologists, and neurosurgeons to provide optimal care.

Keywords

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Cord Compression Hemorrhagic Stroke Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Amit Sabnis
    • 1
  • Jonathan L. Finlay
    • 2
  • Sabine Mueller
    • 3
  1. 1.Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of PediatricsBenioff Children’s Hospital, University of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoUSA
  2. 2.Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMTNationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusUSA
  3. 3.Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and NeurosurgeryBenioff Children’s Hospital, University of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoUSA

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