Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Pollutants with Bioluminescent Microorganisms

  • Francisca Fernández-Piñas
  • Ismael Rodea-Palomares
  • Francisco Leganés
  • Miguel González-Pleiter
  • M. Angeles Muñoz-Martín
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology book series (ABE, volume 145)

Abstract

This chapter deals with the use of bioluminescent microorganisms in environmental monitoring, particularly in the assessment of the ecotoxicity of pollutants. Toxicity bioassays based on bioluminescent microorganisms are an interesting complement to classical toxicity assays, providing easiness of use, rapid response, mass production, and cost effectiveness. A description of the characteristics and main environmental applications in ecotoxicity testing of naturally bioluminescent microorganisms, covering bacteria and eukaryotes such as fungi and dinoglagellates, is reported in this chapter. The main features and applications of a wide variety of recombinant bioluminescent microorganisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, are also summarized and critically considered. Quantitative structure-activity relationship models and hormesis are two important concepts in ecotoxicology; bioluminescent microorganisms have played a pivotal role in their development. As pollutants usually occur in complex mixtures in the environment, the use of both natural and recombinant bioluminescent microorganisms to assess mixture toxicity has been discussed. The main information has been summarized in tables, allowing quick consultation of the variety of luminescent organisms, bioluminescence gene systems, commercially available bioluminescent tests, environmental applications, and relevant references.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Bioluminescent microorganisms Environmental monitoring Genetically modified microorganisms Mixture toxicity Pollutants Toxicity bioassays 

Abbreviations

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials

BETEX

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene

CA

Concentration addition

CCD

Charge-coupled device

CHAs

Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons

CI

Combination index

DCP

Dichlorophenol

EC50

Effective concentration of pollutant that inhibits the toxicity endpoint by 50 %

GC-MS

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HA

Humic acids

HOMO

Highest occupied molecular orbital

HPLC-MS

High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

IA

Independent action

ICP-MS

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

INFCIM

Integrated fuzzy concentration addition-independent action model

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

Kow

n-octanol water partition coefficient

LC-MS

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

LUMO

Lowest occupied molecular orbital

MOA

Mechanism of toxic action

MODEL KEY

Models for assessing and forecasting the impact of environmental key pollutants of freshwaters marine ecosystems and bioavailability

NOECs

No observed effect concentrations

PAHs

Policyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCP

Pentachlorophenol

PVA

Polivinyl alcohol

TBT

Tributyltin

TCA

Trichloroethane

TCE

Trichloroethene

TCP

Trichlorophenol

TEQs

Toxic equivalency factors

TPT

Triphenyltin

TU

Toxic units

OCDE

Organization for economic cooperation and development

QSAR

Quantitative structure-activity relationship

USEPA

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

WARUS

Weak acid respiratory uncouplers

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Francisca Fernández-Piñas
    • 1
  • Ismael Rodea-Palomares
    • 1
  • Francisco Leganés
    • 1
  • Miguel González-Pleiter
    • 1
  • M. Angeles Muñoz-Martín
    • 1
  1. 1.Departamento de Biología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

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