Abstract
In the shaping of materials, the greatest difficulty lies in obtaining and maintaining the exact dimensions and shape desired by the designer. For example, the founder — casting metals must take into account the global shrinkage of the metal, the restraint caused by the mould and the thermal heterogeneities occurring during cooling. Similarly, the carpenter must consider the moisture content of wood and the distortion which it causes, and the worker in concrete must allow for the shrinkage of concrete which can be restrained by the presence of metal reinforcing.
Keywords
Residual Stress Mild Steel Weld Pool Welding Speed Weld Bead
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988