Abstract
Investigators have learned and casuistics confirm that 10% or more of the world population is born with some form of urogenital anomaly. Of this number of deformities one-half constitute developmental defects of the upper urinary tract. It is estimated that 40% of all diseases of the kidney are associated with a congenital anomaly. Many of these anomalies do not come to clinical recognition; they remain “silent” throughout life and are discovered first upon postmortem examination. In addition, anomalies of the urogenital system are accompanied frequently by maldevelopment of other organs in the body.
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References
Renal Agenesis
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Hypoplasia
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Cystic Disease
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Melicow, M. M., and H. H. Gile: An hypernephroma in a polycystic kidney. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 43, 767 (1940).
Milam, J. H., J. H. Magee, and R. C. Bunts: Evaluation of surgical decompression of polycystic kidneys by differential renal clearances. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 90, 144 (1963).
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Pollastri, S.: Terapia del rene policistica. Urologia (Venice) 24, 399 (1957).
Prat, V.: Hypertense u nemocnych polycystickmi ledviami. Vnitrni Lek. 6, 413 (1960).
Rall, J. E., and H. M. Odel: Congenital polycystic disease of the kidney. Amer. J. med. Sci. 218, 399 (1949).
Ravitch, M. M., and M. O. Sandford: Unilateral multicystic kidney in infants. Pediatrics 4, 769 (1949).
Ribbert: Quoted from Rall and Odel.
Ritter and Baehr: Quoted from Rall and Odel.
Rossi, C.: Su di un caso di cisti ematica del rene. Acta ital. uro. 15, 265 (1938).
Sander, E.: Case report on persistent pronephros. Z. Urol. 49, 654 (1956).
Schencker, B., and P. Zanca: A rational approach to the diagnosis of renal masses. Med. Tms (New York) 92, 685 (1964).
Schneiderman, F. J.: Familial infantile polycystic disease of the kidney. J. Amer. osteopath. Ass. 62, 1004 (1963).
Spence, H. M.: Congenital unilateral multicystic kidney. An entity to be distinguished from polycystic kidney disease and other cystic disorders. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 74, 693 (1955).
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Staijbitz, W. J., Th. C. Jewett, and R.J. Pletman: Renal cystic disease in childhood. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 90, 8 (1963).
Trinkle, J. K.: Polycystic kidney disease. G P, Kansas City, Mo., U.S.A. 27, 92 (1963).
Uson, A. C., Mélicow, and M. Meyer: Multilocular cysts of kidney with intrapelvic herniation of a “daughter” cyst: report of 4 cases. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 89, 341 (1963).
Vellios, F., and R. A. Garrett: Congenital multicystic disease of the kidney. Amer. J. clin. Path. 85, 244 (1961).
Vermooten, V.: The kidneys: neoplasms and cystic disease. Postgrad. Med. 8, 369 (1963).
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Vorobtsoy, V. I.: Secondary heminephrectomy in hemorrhage from a polycystic horseshoe kidney. Urologiya 21, 49 (1956).
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Fusion Anomalies
Abeshouse, B. S.: Crossed ectopia with fusion. Amer. J. Surg. 73, 657 (1947).
Adan, R.: A descriptive study of a new technique relating to the surgical treatment of tuberculosis of the small bladder and ureter in the case of a single kidney. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 62, 491 (1956).
Anson, B. J., J. W. Pick, and E. W. Cauldwell: The anatomy of commoner renal anomalies: ectopic and horseshoe kidneys. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 47, 112 (1942).
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Baggentoss, A. H.: Congenital anomalies of the kidney. Med. Clin. N. Amer. 35, 987 (1941).
Beck, W. C., and A. E. Hlivko: Wilm’s tumor in the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney. Arch. Surg. 81, 803 (1960).
Bell, E. T.: Cystic disease of the kidneys. Amer. J. Path. 11, 373 (1935).
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Ectopia of the Kidney
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Anomalies of Rotation
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Anomalies of the Vessels
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Supernumerary Kidney
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Cystic Disease of the Renal Pyramids
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Turner, T. A., J.I. Waller, C. A. Hell wig, and E.N. Musker: Medullary sponge kidney. An uncommon urological disorder, probably congenital in origin, and curable. J. Kans. med. Soc. 64, 303 (1963).
Anomalies of the Pelvis
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Payne, R. A.: Clinical significance of reduplicated kidneys. Brit. J. Urol. 31, 141 (1959).
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Farman, F. (1968). Anomalies of the Kidney. In: Malformations. Handbuch der Urologie / Encyclopedia of Urology / Encyclopédie d’Urologie, vol 7 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87399-7_2
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