Fluid Administration in Severe Head Trauma Patients

  • M. Hemmer
Conference paper
Part of the Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 1993 book series (YEARBOOK, volume 1993)

Abstract

The goal of fluid administration in severe head trauma patients is to maintain cerebral homeostasis with a special attention to specific features of brain injury such as decreased cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation, alterations of blood brain barrier (BBB), development of intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema, posttraumatic metabolic disturbances, abnormalities of sodium and waterregulation, and specific nutritional requirements.

Keywords

Cerebral Edema Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Hemorrhagic Shock Hypertonic Saline Plasma Osmolality 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Poole GV, Prough DS, Johnson JC, Stullken EH, Stump DA, Howar G (1987) Effects of resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock on cerebral hemodynamics in the presence of an intracranial mass. J Trauma 27: 18–23PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Wisner D, Busche F, Sturm J, Gaab M, Meyer H (1989) Traumatic shock and head injury: Effect of fluid resuscitation on the brain injury. J Surg Res 46: 49–59PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Albricht AL, Latchaw RE, Robinson AG (1984) Intracranial and systemic effects of osmotic and oncotic therapy in experimental cerebral edema. J Neurosurg 60: 481–489CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Korosue K, Heros RL, Ogilvy CS, Hyodo A, Tu YK, Graichen R (1990) Comparison of cristalloids and colloids for hemodilution in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 73: 576–584PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Smith SD, Cone JB, Bowser BH, Caldwell FI (1982) Cerebral oedema following acute hemorrhage in a murine model: The role of crystalloid resuscitation. J Trauma 22: 588–591PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Gunnar W, Jonasson O, Merlotti G, Stone J, Barett J (1988) Head injury and hemorrhagic shock: Studies of the blood brain barrier and intracranial pressure after resuscitation with normal saline Solution, 3% saline Solution, and dextran 40. Surgery 103: 398–407PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Shapira Y, Artru AA, Cotev S, Muggia-Sulam M, Freund HR (1992) Brain edema and neurologic status following head trauma in the rat. Anesthesiology 77: 79–85PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Zornow MH, Todd MH, Moore SS (1987) The acute cerebral effects of changes in plasma osmolality and oncotic pressure. Anesthesiology 67: 936–941PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Shackford SR, Zhuang S, Schmöker J (1992) Intravenous fluids tonicity: Effect on intracranial pressure, cerebral bloodflow and cerebral oxygen delivery in focal brain injury. J Neurosurg 76: 91–98PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Prough DS, Whitley JM, Taylor CT, Deal DD, DeWitt DS (1991) Regional cerebral blood flow following resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with hypertonic saline. Influence of a subdural mass. Anesthesiology 75: 319–327PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Prough DS, Johnson JC, Poole GV, Stullken EH, Johnston WE, Royster R (1985) Effect on intracranial pressure of resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with hypertonic saline versus lactated Ringer’s Solution. Crit Care Med 13: 407–411PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Wisner DH, Schuster L, Quinn C (1990) Hypertonic saline resuscitation of head surgery: Effects on cerebral water content. J Trauma 30: 75–78PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Zornow MH, Scheller MS, Shackford SR (1989) Effect of a hypertonic lactated Ringer’s Solution on intracranial pressure and cerebral water content in a model of traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 29: 484–488PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Walsh JC, Zhuang J, Shackford SR (1991) A comparison of hypertonic to isotonic fluid in the resuscitation of brain injury and hemorrhagic shock. J Surg Res 50: 284–292PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Vassar MJ, Perry CA, Camaway WL, Holcroft JW (1991) 7,5% Sodium chloride/dextran for resuscitation of trauma patients undergoing helicopter transfer. Arch Surg 126: 1065–1072Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Worthley LI, Copper DJ, Jones N (1988) Treatment of resistant intracranial hypertension with hypertonic saline. J Neurosurg 68: 478–481PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Rahimifar M, Tator CH, Shanlin RJ, Sole MJ (1989) Effect of blood transfusion, dopamine or normal saline on neurogenic shock secondary to acutely raised intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 70: 932–941PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Yuan XQ, Wade CE, Clifford CB (1991) Suppression by traumatic brain injury of spontaneous hemodynamic recovery from hemorrhagic shock in rats. J Neurosurg 75: 408–414PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Mendelow DA, Teasdale GM, Russell T, Flood J, Patterson J, Murray GD (1985) Effect of mannitol on cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in human head injury. J Neurosurg 63: 43–48PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Muizelaar JP, Lutz III HA, Becker DP (1984) Effect of mannitol on ICP and CBF and correlation with pressure autoregulation in severely head injured patients. J Neurosurg 61: 700–706PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Anderson P, Borens L, Gordon E (1988) Use of mannitol during neurosurgery: Interpatient variability in the plasma and CSF levels. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 35: 364–369Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Roberts PA, Polljay M, Engles C, Pendieton B, Reynolds E, Stevens FA (1987) Effect on intracranial pressure of furosemide combined with varying doses and administration rates of mannitol. J Neurosurg 66: 440–446PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Kaufmann AM, Cardoso ER (1992) Aggravation of vasogenic cerebral edema by multiple dose mannitol. J Neurosurg 77: 584–589PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Young B, Ott LG, Beard D, Dempsey RJ, Tibbs PA, McClain CJ (1988) Acute phase response of the brain injured patient. J Neurosurg 69: 375–380PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Robertson CS, Goodman JC, Narayan JR, Contant CF, Grossmann RG (1991) The effect of glucose administration on carbohydrate metabolism after head injury. J Neurosurg 74: 43–50PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Rosner MJ, Newsome HH, Becker DP (1984) Mechanical brain injury: The sympathoadrenal response. J Neurosurg 61: 76–86PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Lam AM, Winn RH, Gullen BF, Sundling W (1991) Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injury. J Neurosurg 75: 545–551PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Robertson CS, Grossmann JC (1987) The predictive value of cerebral anaerobic metabolism with cerebral infection after head injury. J Neurosurg 67: 361–368PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Rehncrona S, Rosen I, Sjesjö BK (1981) Brain lactic acidosis and ischemie cell damage 1. Biochemistry and neurophysiology. J Cerebral Blood Flow Metab 1: 297–311CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Narins RG (1986) Therapy of hyponatremia: Does haste make waste? N Engl J Med 314: 1573–1575PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Stearns RH, Riggs JE, Schochet Jr SS (1986) Osmotic demyelinisation Syndrome following correction of hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 314: 1535–1542CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Rosenfeld JV, Barnett GH, Sila CA, Little JR, Bravo EL, Beck GJ (1989) The effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on blood and CSF atrial natriuretic factor. J Neurosurg 71: 32–37PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Ishikawa S, Saito T, Kaneko K, Okada K, Kuzuya T (1987) Hyponatremia responsive to fludrocortisone acetate in elderly patients after head injury. Ann Intern Med 106: 187–191PubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Soifer BE, Geld A (1989) The multiple organ donor: Identification and management. Ann Intern Med 110: 814–823PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. Hemmer

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations