Storage of Free Pollen, Pollen Embryos and the Zygotic Embryos of Seed by Cryopreservation and Freeze Drying

  • B. W. W. Grout
  • A. V. Roberts
Chapter
Part of the Springer Lab Manuals book series (SLM)

Abstract

The value of stored pollen as an efficient way of conserving plant genes in vitro has been widely recognised, as part of a broader strategy for the conservation of plant genetic resources (Towill 1985; Withers and Williams 1986; Alexander and Ganeshan 1988; Withers et al. 1990; Withers 1991). Stored pollen, recovered with acceptable pollination competence, is also of great value in plant breeding and production, as an appropriately compiled inventory of such material removes many difficulties associated with differences in flowering time, season, location and availablility of partners that impair specific plant crosses. The increasing successes of in vitro technology for pollen culture, leading to tissue and plant regeneration, has advantages for industrial and agricultural biotechnology and, consequently, generates a further need for effective pollen storage (e.g. Alexander and Ganeshan 1988; Chen 1990; Tupy et al. 1991). Practical storage procedures, effective for months to several years in different species, have been developed for a wide range of pollens by simple reduction of environmental temperature and humidity, either separately or in combination (King 1965; Towill 1985; Barbosa et al. 1991; Yates et al. 1991; Niimi and Shiokawa 1992; Osborne et al. 1992).

Keywords

Zygotic Embryo Plant Genetic Resource Recalcitrant Seed Direct Immersion Standard Growth Medium 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Akihama T, Omura M, Kozai I (1978) Further investigation of freeze-drying for deciduous tree pollen. In: Akihama T, Nakjima K (eds) Long-term preservation of favourable germplasm. Fruit Tree Research Station MAF, Japan, pp 1–7Google Scholar
  2. Alexander MP, Ganeshan S (1988) The role of pollen cryobanks in genetic conservation. Genome 30:Suppl 1. 472Google Scholar
  3. Andersen SB, Due IK, Olesen A (1987) The response of anther culture in genetically wide material of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Breed 99:181–186CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Andreica A, Sparchez C (1990) In vitro germination of sunflower pollen preserved at low temperatures. Stidii si Cercetari de Biologic. Ser Biol Veg 42:51–54Google Scholar
  5. Bajaj YPS (1983) Regeneration of plants from pollen embryos of Arachis, Brassica and Triticum cryopreserved for one year. Curr Sci 52:484–486Google Scholar
  6. Bajaj YPS (1984) The regeneration of plants from frozen pollen embryos and zygotic embryos of wheat and rice. Theor Appl Genet 67:525–528CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Barbosa W, Campo-Dall’Orto FA, Ojima M, Martins FP, Boaventura YMS (1991) Pollen storage and germination, pollination and fruit set in sub-tropical peaches and nectarines. Bragantia 50:17–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Barnabas B, Rajki E (1976) Storage of maize (Zea mays L.) pollen at -196°C in liquid nitrogen. Euphytica 25:747–752CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Bowers SA (1990) Long-term storage of Narcissus anthers and pollen in liquid nitrogen. Euphytica 48:275–278CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Chaudhury R, Radhamani J, Chandel KPS (1991) Preliminary observations on the cryopreservation of desiccated embryonic axes of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] seeds for genetic conservation. Cryo Lett 12:31–36Google Scholar
  11. Chen Z (1990) Haploid induction in perennial crops. In: Chen Z, Evans DA, Sharp WR, Ammirato PV, Sondahl MR (eds) Handbook of plant cell culture, vol 6. Perennial crops. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 62–75Google Scholar
  12. Chin HF (1991) Conservation of recalcitrant seeds. In: Zakri AH, Normah MN, Senawi MT, Abdul Karim AG (eds) Conservation of plant genetic resources through in vitro methods. FRIM/MNCPGR, Kuala Lumpur, pp 19–27Google Scholar
  13. Chin HF, Roberts HE (1980) Recalcitrant crop seeds. Tropical Press, Kuala LumpurGoogle Scholar
  14. Chin HF, Hor YL, Mohd Lassim MB (1984) Identification of recalcitrant seeds. Seed Sci Technol 12:429–436Google Scholar
  15. Chin HF, Krishnapillay B, Hor YL (1989) A note on the cryopreservation of embryos from young coconuts (Cocos nucifera var. Mawa). Pertanika 12:183–186Google Scholar
  16. Collins FC, Lertmongkol V, Jones JP (1973) Pollen storage of certain agronomic species in liquid air. Crop Sci 13:493–498CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Crisp PC, Grout BWW (1984) Storage of broccoli pollen in liquid nitrogen. Euphytica 33:819–823CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. de Boucaud M, Brison M, Ledoux C, Germain E, Lutz A (1991) Cryopreservation of embryonic axes of recalcitrant seed of Juglans regia L. cv Franquette. Cryo Lett 12:163–166Google Scholar
  19. Demeke T, Hughes HG (1991) Germination and storage of pollen of Phytolacca dodecandra L. Ann Bot 68:13–16Google Scholar
  20. Engelke MC, Smith RR (1974) Effect of storage on the germination and viability of red clover pollen grains. Agron Abstr (Am Soc Agron Madison) 1974:52Google Scholar
  21. Ganeshan S, Alexander MP (1991) Cryogenic preservation of lemon (Citrus limon Burm.) pollen. Gartenbauwissenschaft 56:228–230Google Scholar
  22. Grout BWW (1986) Embryo culture and cryopreservation for the conservation of genetic resources of species with recalcitrant seed. In: Withers LA, Alderson PG (eds) Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications. Butterworths, London, pp 303–309Google Scholar
  23. Grout BWW, Shelton K, Pritchard HW (1983) Orthodox behaviour of oil palm seed and cryopreservation of the excised embryo for genetic conservation. Ann Bot 52: 381–384Google Scholar
  24. Heslop-Harrison J, Heslop-Harrison Y (1977) Evaluation of pollen viability by enzymatically-induced fluorescence: intracellular hydrolysis of fluoroscein diacetate. Stain Technol 45:115–121Google Scholar
  25. Hughes HG, Lee CW, Towill LE (1991) Low temperature preservation of Clianthus formosus pollen. Hort Science 26:1411–1412Google Scholar
  26. Kanazawa T, Kobayashi S, Yakuwa T (1992) The flowering process, germination and storage of pollen in Allium victorialis ss. platyphyllum. J Jpn Soc Hortic. Sci 60:947–953CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Kendall EJ, Kartha KK, Qureshi JA, Chermak P (1993) Cryopreservation of immature spring wheat zygotic embryos using an abscisic acid pretreatment. Plant Cell Rep 12:89–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. King JR (1965) The storage of pollen — particularly by the freeze-drying method. Bull Tortey Bot Club 92:270–287CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Loeb TA, Reynolds TC (1993) Transient expression from microprojectile-mediated DNA transfer in pollen embryos of bread wheat. Plant Physiol 102:Suppl 165Google Scholar
  30. Marin ML, Mafia G, Roca WM, Withers LA (1990) Cryopreservation of Cassava zygotic embryos and whole seeds in liquid nitrogen. Cryo Lett 11:257–264Google Scholar
  31. Niimy Y, Shiokawa Yu (1992) A study on the storage of Lilium pollen. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 61:393–403Google Scholar
  32. Normah MN, Chin HF, Hor LY (1986) Desiccation and cryopreservation of embryonic axes of Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg. Pertanika 9:299–303Google Scholar
  33. Osborne R, Robbertse PJ, Claassen MI (1992) The longevity of cycad pollen in storage. S Afr J Bot 58:250–254Google Scholar
  34. Roberts EH, King MW, Ellis RH (1984) Recalcitrant seeds — their recognition and storage. In: Holden JWH, Williams JT (eds) Crop genetic resources: conservation and evaluation. Allen & Unwin, London, pp 38–52Google Scholar
  35. Roulund N, Andersen SB, Farestveit B (1991) Optimal concentration of sucrose for head cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef] anther culture. Euphytica 52:125–129Google Scholar
  36. Towill LE (1985) Low temperature and freeze-/vacuum-drying preservation of pollen. In: Kartha KK (ed) Cryopreservation of plant cells and organs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 171–198Google Scholar
  37. Tupy J, Rihova L, Zarsky V (1991) Production of fertile tobacco pollen from microspores in suspension culture and its storage for in situ pollination. Sex Plant Reprod 4:284–287CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Weatherhead MA, Grout BWW, Henshaw GG (1978) Advantages of the storage of potato pollen in liquid nitrogen. Potato Res 21:97–100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Withers LA (1987) The low temperature preservation of plant cell, tissue and organ cultures and seed for genetic conservation and improved agricultural practice. In: Grout BWW, Morris GJ (eds) The effects of low temperatures on biological systems. Edward Arnold, London, pp 389–409Google Scholar
  40. Withers LA (1991) Tissue culture in the conservation of plant genetic resources. In: Zakri AH, Normah MN, Senawi MT, Abdul Karim AG (eds) Conservation of plant genetic resources through in vitro methods. FRIM/MNCPGR, Kuala Lumpur, pp 1–18Google Scholar
  41. Withers LA, Williams JT (1986) In vitro conservation — international board for plant genetic resources research highlights 1985–1985. IBPGR, RomeGoogle Scholar
  42. Withers LA, Wheelans SK, Williams JT (1990) In vitro conservation of crop germplasm and the IBPGR databases. Euphytica 45:9–22Google Scholar
  43. Yates E, Sparks D, Connor K, Towill L (1991) Reducing pollen moisture simplifies long-term storage of pecan pollen. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116:430–434Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995

Authors and Affiliations

  • B. W. W. Grout
  • A. V. Roberts

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations