Synthesis of Small Nuclear RNAs

  • R. Reddy
  • R. Singh
Chapter
Part of the Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology book series (PMSB, volume 12)

Abstract

There are seven abundant and several less abundant capped small nuclear RNAs characterized in mammalian cells. These RNAs are all capped on their 5′ ends and were designated U snRNAs because the U1-U3 snRNAs initially studied were rich in uridylic acid (Hodnett and Busch 1968). These capped snRNAs play important roles in the processing of nuclear precursor mRNAs and precursor rRNAs (reviewed in Busch et al. 1982; Brunei et al. 1985; Green 1986; Padgett et al. 1986; Maniatis and Reed 1987; Guthrie and Patterson 1988; Steitz 1988; Steitz et al. 1988; Zieve and Sauterer 1990). The functions of the U snRNAs are summarized in Table 1. While the roles of U snRNAs in the processing of eukaryotic precursor RNAs are well established, U5 snRNA was recently shown to have the potential to transform cells in vitro (Hamada et al. 1989), suggesting multiple roles for the U snRNAs. Each HeLa cell contains a total of approximately 2–3 million copies of U snRNAs (Weinberg and Penman 1968), and it is estimated that each of the U1 and U2 snRNA genes is transcribed every 2–4 s, generating the large amounts of U snRNAs found in mammalian cells (Skuzeski et al. 1984; Mangin et al. 1986; reviewed in Dahlberg and Lund 1988); hence, the snRNA genes have very strong promoters compared to many other cellular genes.

Keywords

Small Nuclear RNAs snRNA Gene Frog Oocyte Proximal Sequence Element snRNA Promoter 
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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991

Authors and Affiliations

  • R. Reddy
  • R. Singh
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of PharmacologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonUSA

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