Older Drugs

  • Donald Armstrong
  • Heinz J. Schmitt
Part of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology book series (HEP, volume 96)

Abstract

For one of us (D.A.), one of the pleasures of growing graciously older is being asked to write chapters on ‘older drugs’. I assume the graciousness, otherwise I presume an editor wouldn’t ask.

Keywords

Candida Albicans Antimicrob Agent Cryptococcal Meningitis Polyene Antibiotic Torulopsis Glabrata 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Armstrong D (1989) Problems in the treatment of opportunistic fungal infections. In: Holmberg K, Meyer RD (eds) Diagnosis and therapy of systemic fungal infections. Raven Press, New York, pp 149–158Google Scholar
  2. Atkinson AJ, Bennett JE (1978) Amphotericin B pharmacokinetics in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 13: 271–276PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Bennett JE (1977) Amphotericin B binding to serum ß-lipoprotein. In: Iwata K (ed) Recent advances in medical and veterinary mycology. Proc 6th ISHAM, University Park Press, Baltimore, USA, pp 107–109Google Scholar
  4. Bennett JE, Dismukes WE, Duma RJ, Medoff G, Sande MA, Gallis H, Leonard J, Fields BT, Bradshaw M, Haywood H, McGee ZA, Cate TR, Cobbs CG, Warner JF, Alling DW (1979) A comparison of amphotericin B alone and combined with flucytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis.N Engl J Med 301: 126–131PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Berger J, Duschinksy R (1962) Control of fungi with 5-fluorocytosine. US Pat Appl Ser No 181, p 822Google Scholar
  6. Bindschadler DD, Bennett JE (1969) A pharmacologic guide to the clinical use of amphotericin B. J Infect Dis 120: 427–436PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Blanke PJ, Little JR, Shirley SF, Lynch RG (1977) Augmentation of murine immune responses by amphotericin B. J Cell Immunol 33: 180–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Blanke T, Lynch R, Little JR (1975) Mechanisms of antitumor effects of amphotericin B. Surg Forum 26: 126–128PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Block ER, Jennings AE, Bennett JE (1973) 5-Fluorocytosine resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 3: 649–656Google Scholar
  10. Bondru I (1969) De la résistance des Candida albicans à la nystatine. J Pharm Belg 24: 162–185Google Scholar
  11. Bulder CJEA (1971) Anaerobic growth, ergosterol content and sensitivity to a polyene antibiotic of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 37: 353–358Google Scholar
  12. Christiansen KJ, Bernard EM, Gold JWM, Armstrong D (1985) Distribution and activity of amphotericin B in humans. J Infect Dis 152: 1037–1043PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Chuck SL, Sande MA (1989) Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 321: 794–799PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Craven PC, Ludden TM, Drutz DJ, Rogers W, Haegele KA, Skrdlant HB (1979) Excretion pathways of amphotericin B. J Infect Dis 140: 329–341PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Cutler RE, Blair AD, Kelly MR (1978) Flucytosine kinetics in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. Clin Pharmacol Ther 24: 333–342PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Diasio RB, Bennett JE, Myers CE (1978a) Mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine. Biochem Pharmacol 27: 703–707PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Diasio RB, Lakings DE, Bennett JE (1978b) Evidence for conversion of 5- fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil in humans: possible factor in 5-fluorocytosine clinical toxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 14: 903–908PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Dismukes WE, Cloud G, Gallis HA, Kerkering TM, Medoff G, Craven PC, Kaplowitz LG, Fisher JF, Gregg CR, Bowles CA, Shadomy S, Stamm AM, Diasio RB, Kaufman L, Soong S-J, Blackwelder WC and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (1987) Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination amphotericin B and flucytosine for four as compared with six weeks. N Engl J Med 317: 334–341PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Drouhet E (1970) Basic mechanisms of antifungal chemotherapy. Mod Treat 7: 539–564PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Duschinsky R, Pleven E, Heidelberger C (1957) The synthesis of 5-fluoropyrimidines. J Am Chem Soc 79: 4559–4560CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Ellis WG, Sobel RA, Nielsen SL (1982) Leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with amphotericin B methyl ester. J Infect Dis 146: 125–137PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Feingold DS (1965) The action of amphotericin B on Mycoplasma laidlawii. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 19: 261–267PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Giégé R, Weil JH (1970) Etude des tRNA de levure ayant incorporé du 5- fluorouracile provenant de la désamination in vivo de la 5-fluorocytosine. Bull Soc Chim Biol 52: 135–144PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Gold W, Stout HA, Pagano JF, Donovick R (1956) Amphotericins A and B, antifungal antibiotics produced by a streptomycete. I. In vitro studies. In: Welch H, Marti-Ibanez F (eds) Antibiotics Annual 1955–1956. Medical Encyclopedia Inc, New York, pp 579–586Google Scholar
  25. Grunberg E, Titsworth E, Bennett M (1964) Chemotherapeutic activity of 5-fluorocytosine. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1963. Am Soc Microbiol, pp 566–568Google Scholar
  26. Grunberg E, Prince HN, Utz JP (1967) Observations on the activity of two newer antifungal agents, saramycetin (X-5079C) and 5-fluorocytosine. Proc 5th Int Cong Chemother, Vienna, 4: 69–76Google Scholar
  27. Hamilton-Miller JMT (1972) Physiological properties of mutagen-induced variants of Candida albicans resistant to polyene antibiotics. J Med Microbiol 5: 425–440PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Harris BE, Manning BW, Federle TW, Diasio RB (1986) Conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil by human intestinal microflora. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 29: 44–48PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Hazen EL, Brown R (1951) Fungicidin, antibiotic produced by soil actinomycete. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 76: 93–97PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Heidelberger C, Griesbach L, Montag BJ, Mooren D, Cruz O, Schnitzer RJ, Grunberg E (1958) Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. II. Effects on transplanted tumors. Cancer Res 18: 305–317PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Hejzlar M, Vymola F (1970) Comparative study of pimaricin and fungicidin activity in vitro. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immun 14: 211–213Google Scholar
  32. Hoeprich PD (1982) Amphotericin B methyl ester and leukoencephalopathy: the other side of the coin. J Infect Dis 146: 173–176PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Horn R, Wong B, Kiehn TE, Armstrong D (1985) Fungemia in a cancer hospital: changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of therapy. Rev Infect Dis 7: 646–655PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Kinsky SC (1961a) The effects of polyene antibiotics on permeability in Neurospora crassa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 4: 353–357PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Kinsky SC (1961b) Alterations in the permeability of Neurospora crassa due to polyene antibiotics. J Bacteriol 82: 889–897PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Kotler-Brajtburg J, Price HD, Medoff G, Schiessinger D, Kobayashi GS (1974) Molecular basis for the selective toxicity of amphotericin B for yeast and filipin for animal cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5: 377–382PubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Kotler-Brajtburg J, Medoff G, Kobayashi GS, Schelssinger D, Atallah A (1977) Sensitivity to amphotericin B and the cholesterol: phospholipid molar ratios of 3T3. L, BHK and HeLa cells. Biochem Pharmacol 26: 705–710PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Kwan CN, Medoff G, Kobayashi GS, Schlessinger D, Raskas HJ (1972) Potentiation of the antifungal effects of antibiotics by amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2: 61–65PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Lampen JO, Morgan ER, Slocum A, Arnow P (1959) Adsorption of nystatin by micro-organisms. J Bacteriol 78: 282–289PubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Lin H-S, Medoff G, Kobayashi GS (1977) Effects of amphotericin B on macrophages and their precursor cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 11: 154–160PubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Lopez-Berestein G, Fainstein V, Hopfer R, Mehta K, Sullivan MP, Keating M, Rosenblum MG, Mehta R, Luna M, Hersh EM, Reuben J, Juliano RL, Bodey GP (1985) Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of systemic fungal infections in patients with cancer: a preliminary study. J Infect Dis 151: 704–710PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Louria DB (1967) Deep-seated mycotic infections, allergy to fungi and mycotoxins. N Engl J Med 277: 1065–1071, 1126–1134PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Medoff G, Comfort M, Kobayashi GS (1971) Synergistic action of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine against yeast-like organisms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 138: 571–574PubMedGoogle Scholar
  44. Medoff G, Kobayashi GS, Kwan CN, Schlessinger D, Venkov P (1972) Potentiation of rifampin and 5-fluorocytosine as antifungal antibiotics by amphotericin B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69: 196–199PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Medoff G, Valeriote F, Lynch RG, Schelssinger D, Kobayashi GS (1974) Synergistic effect of amphotericin B and l,3-bis(2-chloro-ethyl)-l-nitrosourea (BCNU) against a syngenic transplantable AKR leukemia. Cancer Res 34: 974–978PubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. Meunier F (1986) Serum fungistatic and fungicidal activity in volunteers receiving antifungal agents. Eur J Clin Microbiol 5: 103–109PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Normarck S, Schönebeck J (1972) In vitro studies of 5-fluorocytosine resistance in Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2: 114–121Google Scholar
  48. Patel PV, Johnston JR (1968) Dominant mutation for nystatin resistance in yeast. Appl Microbiol 16: 164–165PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. Polak A, Grenson M (1973) Evidence for a common transport system for cytosine, adenine and hypoxanthine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Eur J Biochem 32: 276–282PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Polak A, Scholer HJ (1973) Fungistatic activity, uptake and incorporation of 5- fluorocytosine in Candida albicans, as influenced by pyrimidines and purines. II. Studies on distribution and incorporation. Pathologia Microbiol 39: 334–347Google Scholar
  51. Polak A, Scholer HJ (1975) Mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine and mechanisms of resistance. Chemotherapy 21: 113–130PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Polak A, Wain WH (1977) The inhibition by 5-fluorocytosine of nucleic acid synthesis in Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Chemotherapy 23: 243–259PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Polsky B, Depman MR, Gold JWM, Galicich JH, Armstrong D (1986) Intraventricular therapy of cryptococcal meningitis via a subcutaneous reservoir. Am J Med 81: 24–28PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Procknow JJ (1962) Treatment of opportunistic fungus infections. Lab Invest 11: 1217–1230PubMedGoogle Scholar
  55. Scholer HJ (1980) Flucytosine. In: Speller DCE (ed) Antifungal chemotherapy. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 35–106Google Scholar
  56. Schmitt HJ, Armstrong D (1990) Antifungal chemotherapy. In: Kass EH, Platt R (eds) Current therapy in infectious disease, 3rd ed. BC Decker Inc., Philadelphia, pp 12–17Google Scholar
  57. Schmitt HJ, Bernard EM, Häuser M, Armstrong D (1988) Aerosol amphotericin B is effective for prophylaxis and therapy in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 1676–1679PubMedGoogle Scholar
  58. Schroeder F, Holland JF, Bieber LL (1971) Fluorometric evidence for the binding of cholesterol to the filipin complex. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 24: 846–849Google Scholar
  59. Shadomy S, Kirchoff CB, Ingroff AE (1973) In vitro activity of 5-fluorocytosine against Candida and Troulopsis species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 3: 9–14PubMedGoogle Scholar
  60. Sokol-Anderson ML, Brajtburg J, Medoff G (1986a) Sensitivity of Candida albicans to amphotericin B administered as single or fractionated doses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 29: 701–702PubMedGoogle Scholar
  61. Sokol-Anderson ML, Brajtburg J, Medoff G (1986b) Amphotericin B-induced oxidative damage and killing of Candida albicans. J Infect Dis 154: 76–83PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Stamm AM, Diasio RB, Dismukes WE, Shadomy S, Cloud GA, Bowles CA, Karam GH, Espinel-Ingroff A and members of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (1987) Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Am J Med 83: 236–242PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. Tillack TW, Kinsky SC (1973) A freeze-etch study of the effects of filipin on liposomes and human erythrocyte membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 323: 43–54PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. Vandeputte J, Wachtel JL, Stiller ET (1956) Amphotericins A and B, antifungal antibiotics produced by a streptomycete: II. The isolation and properties of the crystalline amphotericins. Antibiotic Annual 1955–1956. Medical Encyclopedia Inc, New York, pp 587–591Google Scholar
  65. Verkleij AJ, De Kruijff B, Gerritsen WF, Demel RA, Van Deenen LLM, Ververgaert PHJ (1973) Freeze-etch electron microscopy of erythrocytes, Acholeplasma laidlawii cells and liposomal membranes after the action of filipin and amphotericn B. Biochim Biophys Acta 291: 577–581PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. Vertut-Croquin A, Brajtburg J, Medoff G (1986) Two mechanisms of synergism when amphotericin B is used in combination with actinomycin D or l-(2-chloroethyl)-3- cyclohexyl-l-nitrosurea against the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Cancer Res 46: 6054–6058PubMedGoogle Scholar
  67. Wagner G, Shadomy S (1976) Mode of action of flucytosine in Aspergillus species. In: Williams JD, Geddes AM (eds) Chemotherapy. Proc 9th Int Cong Chemother, London 1975. Plenum Press, New York, 3: 211–215Google Scholar
  68. Weber MM, Kinsky SC (1965) Effect of cholesterol on the sensitivity of Mycoplasma laidlawii to the polyene antibiotic filipin. J Bacteriol 89: 306–312PubMedGoogle Scholar
  69. Woods RA, Bard M, Jackson IE, Drutz DJ (. 1974 ) Resistance to polyene antibiotics and correlated sterol changes in two isolates of Candida tropicalis from a patient with an amphotericin B-resistant funguria. J Infect Dis 129: 53–59PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990

Authors and Affiliations

  • Donald Armstrong
  • Heinz J. Schmitt

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations