The Target Organ and the Toxic Process pp 137-142 | Cite as
Renal Papillary Necrosis and Upper Urothelial Carcinoma
Abstract
Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) has been associated with the long-term abuse of mixed analgesics and therapeutic doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Chronic renal failure and upper urothelial carcinoma are frequently associated with analgesic abuse, but their relationship to RPN is less certain (Bach and Bridges 1985). Attempts to define the molecular basis of RPN using analgesics have not been successful in experimental animals because of extrarenal toxicity and a highly variable RPN. Also there are no clinical biochemistry tests that identify these changes until they progress towards renal failure, and focal necrosis is easily missed by routine histopathology unless sections go through the papilla tip (Bach and Bridges 1985; Bach and Hardy 1985).
Keywords
Urothelial Carcinoma Urothelial Cell Urinary Bladder Cancer Analgesic Nephropathy Renal Papillary NecrosisPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Bach PH, Bridges JW (1984) The role of prostaglandin synthase mediated metabolic activation of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the development of renal papillary necrosis and upper urothelial carcinoma. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med 15:251–274CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bach PH, Bridges JW (1985) Chemically induced renal papillary necrosis and upper urothelial carcinoma. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 15:217–439CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bach PH, Feldman MS (1987) The biochemical nephrotoxicity of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs: metabolic activation in the medulla and cortex. In: Rainsford KD, Velo GJ (eds) Side-effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. MTP, Lancaster, pp. 393–412Google Scholar
- Bach PH, Gregg N (1988) Experimentally induced renal papillary necrosis and upper urothelial carcinoma. Rev Exp Pathol 30:1–54Google Scholar
- Bach PH, Hardy TL (1985) The relevance of animal models to the study of analgesic associated renal papillary necrosis in man. Kidney Int 28:605–613PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bach PH, Christian R, Baker JR, Bridges JW (1980) The metabolism of 2-bromo[1-14C]ethan- 1-amine: a model compound for inducing renal papillary necrosis. In: Holmstedt B, Lauwerys R, Mercier M, Roberfroid M (eds) Mechanisms of toxicity and hazard evaluation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 533–536Google Scholar
- Bach PH, Grasso P, Molland EA, Bridges JW (1983) Changes in the medullary glycosaminoglycan histochemistry and microvascular filling during the development of 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide-induced renal papillary necrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 69:333–344PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bach PH, Ketley CP, Dixit M, Ahmed I (1986) The mechanisms of target cell injury in nephrotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 24:775–779PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Benns SE, Dixit M, Ahmed I, Ketley CP, Bach PH (1985) The use of cultured renal medullary cells as an alternative method to live animals for studying renal medullary toxicity. In: Goldberg A, Alternative methods in toxicology, vol 3. MA Liebert, New York, pp 435–447Google Scholar
- Burry A, Cross R, Axelsen R (1977) Analgesic nephropathy and the renal concentrating mechanism. Pathol Annu 12:1–31PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gregg NJ, Ijomah P, Mattingley G, Courtauld EA, Bach PH (1988a) Renal and urothelial cell changes in response to an acutely-induced papillary necrosis. In: Bach PH, Lock EA (eds) Nephrotoxicity: extrapolation from in vitro to in vivo, and animals to man. Plenum, New York, in pressGoogle Scholar
- Gregg NJ, Ijomah P, Courtauld EA, Bach PH (1988b) Upper urothelial carcinoma using N- butyl-N(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (HO-BBN) initiation and an Nephrotoxicity from in vitro to in vivo, animals ti man. Plenum, New York, in pressGoogle Scholar
- Hardy TL, Bach PH (1984) The effects of N-phenylanthranilic acid-induced renal papillary necrosis on urinary acidification and renal electrolyte handling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 75:265–277PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kunze E (1979) Development of urinary bladder cancer in the rat. Curr Top Pathol 67:145–232PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Marnett LJ, Reed GA, Dennison DJ (1978) Prostaglandin synthase dependent activation of 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene to mutagenic derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 82:210–216PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McCredie M, Stewart JH, Ford JM, MacLennan RA (1983) Phenacetin-containing analgesics and cancer of the bladder or renal pelvis in woman. Br J Urol 55:220–224PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mihatsch MJ, Hofer HO, Gudat F, Knusli C, Torhorst J, Zollinger U (1984) Capillary sclerosis of the lower urinary tract and analgesic nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 20:285–301Google Scholar
- Mohandas J, Duggin GG, Horvath JS, Tiller DJ (1981) Metabolic oxidation of acetaminophen (paracetamol) mediated by cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase in rabbit kidney. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 61:252–259PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mommsen S, Aagaard J (1983) Tobacco as a risk factor in bladder cancer. Carcinogenesis 4:335–338PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Pillai K (1987) Peroxidative metabolism of N-phenylanthranylic acid. M.Sc. Thesis, University of SurreyGoogle Scholar
- Prescott LF (1982) Analgesic nephropathy: reassessment of the role of phenacetin and other analgesics. Drugs 23:75–149PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rosner I (1976) Experimental analgesic nephropathy. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 4:331–352.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ross D, Larsson R, Andersson B, Nilsson U, Lindquist T, Lindeke B, Moldeus P (1985) The oxidation of p-phenetidine by horse radish peroxidase and prostaglandin synthase and the fate of glutathione during such oxidation. Biochem Pharmacol 34:343–351PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Whittingham A (1987) Metabolism of N-phenylanthranilic acid and peroxidation of arylamines. M.Sc. Thesis, University of SurreyGoogle Scholar
- Zenser TV, Mattammal MB, Rapp NS, Davis BB (1983) Effect of aspirin on metabolism of acetaminophen and benzidine by renal inner medulla prostaglandin hydroperoxidase. J Lab Clin Med 101:58–65PubMedGoogle Scholar