Dysthymie

Epidemiologie, Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie
  • M. Schmauss
  • Th. Messer
Conference paper

Zusammenfassung

„Dysthymie“ stammt aus dem Griechischen und bedeutet „Verstimmtsein“ bzw. „schlechte Laune“. Der Begriff Dysthymie findet sich bereits im 19. Jahrhundert in der französischen, englischen und deutschen psychiatrischen Literatur als Synonym für Depression, in die deutschsprachige Psychiatrie wurde er von C.F. Flemming 1844 eingeführt. „Dysthymie“ wurde von ihm als Synonym für „Gemüthsstörungen“ benutzt und darunter wurden verschiedene Affektstörungen subsumiert (Flemming 1844). Kahlbaum verstand als Erster den Dysthymiebegriff ähnlich seiner heutigen Bedeutung: Er wies in seiner Einteilung der psychiatrischen Krankheiten auf den Ausgang als Ordnungskriterium hin und differenzierte deshalb zwischen „Dysthymie“ und „Melancholie“ (Kahlbaum 1878). Die Dysthymie verlaufe zwar chronisch, aber mit guter Prognose, während die Melancholie die Tendenz habe, „schließlich in den Blödsinn überzugehen“. In der deutschsprachigen Psychiatrie des 20. Jahrhunderts ist der Begriff Dysthymie ausgesprochen vieldeutig. Weitbrecht (1949) prägte den Begriff der „endoreaktiven Dysthymie“, die zwischen endogener und reaktiver Depression zu finden ist. Dabei schilderte er die Symptomatik teilweise vergleichbar mit den modernen Dysthymiekonzepten: Lange Verläufe einer eher missmutig anmutenden Verstimmung, häufig mit Hypochondrie verbunden, ohne Manien oder primäre Schuldgefühle bei erschöpfbaren, reizbaren, eher asthenischen Menschen.

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. Schmauss
  • Th. Messer

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