Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Astrobiology pp 315–333Cite as

Gravitational Zoology: How Animals Use and Cope with Gravity

  • Chapter

Abstract

Since the dawn of life on Earth some four billions of years ago, gravity has been a more or less stable environmental factor thus influencing the phylogenetic development of all living organisms. On the one side, gravity represents a factor of physical restriction, which compelled the ancestors of all extant living beings to develop basic achievements to counter the gravitational force (e.g., elements of statics like any kind of skeleton - from actin to bone - to overcome gravity enforced size limits or to keep form). On the other side, already early forms of life possibly used gravity as an appropriate cue for orientation and postural control, since it is continuously present and has a fixed direction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M. Conrad, Biosystems 42, 177 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Moroz, J. Theor. Biol. 107, 303 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. I. Vinnikov, Aviakosm. Ekolog. Med. 29, 4 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. DuBois, G. Cavagna, R. Fox, J. Exp. Zool. 195, 223 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Lillywhite, J. Exp. Zool. 275, 217 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. K. Kirsch, H.-C. Gunga, in: H. Rahmann, K. Kirsch (Eds.) Mensch-Leben-Schwerkraft-Kosmos: Perspektiven biowissenschaftlicher Weltraumforschung in Deutschland, Günter Heimbach Verlag, Stuttgart, 2001, pp.210

    Google Scholar 

  7. K. Kirsch, in: P. Sahm, M. Keller, B. Schiewe (Eds.) Research in Space: The German Spacelab Missions, Wissenschaftliche Projektführung D-2, Aachen, 1993, pp. 187.

    Google Scholar 

  8. H.-C. Gunga, K. Kirsch, F. Baartz, L. Röcker, Naturwissenschaften 82, 190 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Kimura, Folia Primatol. (Basel) 66, 126 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. C. Pennycuick, J. Biomech. 29, 577 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. C. Sebastian, K. Eßeling, E. Horn, Exp. Brain Res. 112, 213 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Schatz, R. Reitstetter, A. Linke-Hommes, W. Briegleb, K. Slenzka, H. Rahmann, Adv. Space Res. 14, 35 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. W. Hanke, Adv. Space Res. 17, 143 (1996).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. H. Machemer, Adv. Space Res. 17, 11 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Neugebauer, H. Machemer, Cell Tissue Res. 287, 577 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Wiederhold, Brain Res. 78, 490 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Wiederhold, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 5, 39 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Hudspeth, P. Gillespie, Neuron 12, 1 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Clément, A. Berthoz, Proc. Eur. Symp. Life Sci. Res. Space 5, 333 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Moore, P. Bie, H. Oser (Eds.) Biological and Medical Research in Space, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. Sieving, Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 68, 346 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  22. W. Becker, J. Marxen, M. Epple, O. Reelsen, J. appl. Physiol. 89, 1601 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  23. H.-J. Marthy, Proc. Eur. Symp. Life Sci. Res. Space 5, 177 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Schatten, A. Chakrabarti, M. Taylor, L. Sommer, H. Levine, K. Anderson, M. Runco, R. Kemp, Cell. Biol. Int. 23, 407 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Pedrozo, Z. Schwartz, M. Luther, D. Dean, B. Boyan, M. Wiederhold, Hearing Res. 102, 51 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. E. Horn, H. Agricola, S. Böser, S. Förster, G. Kämper, P. Riewe, C. Sebastian, Adv. Space Res., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. Horn, C. Sebastian, J. Neubert, G. Kämper, Proc. Eur. Symp. Life Sci. Res. Space 6, 267 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. R. Gerzer, P. Hansson (Eds.) The Future of Humans in Space, Proc. 12th IAA Man in Space Symposium in Washington, D.C., U.S.A., June 1997, special issue of Acta Astronautica, Elsevier, Oxford, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Berthoz, A. Güell (Eds.) Space Neuroscience Research, Proc. of a workshop held in Paris, France, April 1997, special issue of Brain Res. Rev., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  30. A.-M. Duprat, D. Huson, L. Gualandris-Parisot, Brain Res. Rev. 28, 19 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. R. Wassersug, M. Yamashita, Adv. Space Res. 25, 2007 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Ubbels, ESA Microgravity News 2, 19 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  33. K. Souza, S. Black, R. Wassersug, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 1975 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. L. Gualandris-Parisot, S. Grinfield, F. Foulquier, P. Kan, A.-M. Duprat, Adv. Space Res. 17, 265 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Aimar, A. Bautz, D. Durand, H. Membre, D. Chardard, L. Gualandris-Parisot, D. Husson, C. Dournon, Biol. Reprod. 63, 551 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Mori Nagoya J. Med. Sci. 58, 71 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  37. V. Sabo, K. Bod’a, V. Chrappa, Vet. Med. (Praha) 40, 147 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  38. T. Suda, Bone 22 (Suppl.), 73S (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. Barrett, D. Wells, A. Paulsen, W. Conrad, J. Appl. Physiol. 88, 1614 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  40. H. Rahmann, K. Slenzka, Proc. Eur. Symp. Life Sci. Res. Space 5, 147 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. K. Ijiri, The First Vertebrate Mating in Space, RICUT, Tokyo, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  42. E. v. Hoist, Pubbl. Staz. Zool. Napoli 15, 143 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  43. S. Watanabe, A. Takabayashi, M. Tanaka, D. Yanagihara, in: S. Bonting (Ed.) Advances in Space Biology and Medicine, Vol. 1, JAI Press, Tokyo, 1991, pp. 99.

    Google Scholar 

  44. R. Hilbig, T. Schüle, M. Ibsch, R. Anken, H. Rahmann, Proc. C.E.B.A.S. Workshop Conf. 12, 51 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. v. Baumgarten, G. Baldrighi, G. Shillinger, Aerospace Med. 43, 626 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  46. H. DeJong, E. Sondag, A. Kuipers, W. Oosterveld, Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 67, 463 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  47. R. v. Baumgarten, Exp. Brain Res. 64, 239 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. R. Anken, T. Kappel, H. Rahmann, Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.) 118, 534 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. R. v. Baumgarten, R. Thümler, Life Sci. Space Res. 17, 161 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. Anken, M. Ibsch, D. Bremen, R. Hilbig, H. Rahmann, Proc. C.E.B.A.S. Workshops 11, 73 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  51. H. Rahmann, K. Slenzka, R. Anken, R. Appel, J. Flemming, R. Hilbig, T. Kappel, K. Körtje, G. Nindl, U. Paulus, in: P. Sahm (Ed.) Scientific Results of the German Spacelab Mission D-2, Wissenschaftliche Projektfuhrung D-2, Aachen, 1995, pp. 621.

    Google Scholar 

  52. R. Hilbig, R. Anken, G. Sonntag, S. Höhne, J. Henneberg, N. Kretschmer, H. Rahmann, Adv. Space Res., in press

    Google Scholar 

  53. R. Anken, K. Werner, J. Breuer, H. Rahmann, Adv. Space Res. 25, 2025 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. Anken, E. Edelmann, H. Rahmann, NeuroReport 11, 2981 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. K. Slenzka, R. Appel, V. Seibt, R. Anken, H. Rahmann, Proc. C.E.B.A.S. Workshop Conf. 10, 42 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  56. R. Anken, K. Slenzka, J. Neubert, H. Rahmann, Adv. Space Res. 17, 281 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. R. Anken, H. Rahmann, Adv. Space Res. 22, 281 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. H. Rahmann, K. Slenzka, R. Hilbig, J. Flemming, U. Paulus, K. Körtje, A. Bäuerle, R. Appel, J. Neubert, W. Briegleb, A. Schatz, B. Bromeis, Proc. Eur. Symp. Life Sci. Res. Space 5, 165 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. R. Anken, R. Hilbig, M. Ibsch, P. Vöhringer, H. Rahmann, Proc. Eur. Symp. Life Sci. Res. Space 7, 124 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  60. G. Nindl, K. Körtje, K. Slenzka, H. Rahmann, J. Brain Res. 37, 291 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  61. L. Serova, Aviakosm. Ekolog. Med. 27, 15 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Ralf H. Anken
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hinrich Rahmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Luft-und Raumfahrtmedizin, Linder Höhe, 51147, Köln, Germany

    Gerda Horneck  & Christa Baumstark-Khan  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Anken, R.H., Rahmann, H. (2002). Gravitational Zoology: How Animals Use and Cope with Gravity. In: Horneck, G., Baumstark-Khan, C. (eds) Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59381-9_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59381-9_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63957-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59381-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation