Optics and Lasers in Biomedicine and Culture pp 281-284 | Cite as
Image Formation in Optical Coherence Tomography and Microscopy
Abstract
Three dimensional image formation in optical coherence tomography has been investigated theoretically. Imaging can be described by a three-dimensional (3-D) coherent transfer function (CTF), which has contributions from the different wavelength components. From this, two dimensional imaging can be described using the 2-D CTF obtained as a projection of the 3-D CTF. For very low numerical aperture axial imaging results from the limited coherence length of the light source. Interference microscopy results in an optical sectioning property similar to that in confocal microscopy. Thus for intermediate values of numerical aperture, axial imaging is a combination of coherence gating and confocal sectioning, for which a paraxial theory can be used. At very high numerical apertures it is necessary to use a full high aperture theory. These theoretical treatments can be used to model images of known structures, and to estimate expected imaging performance.
Keywords
Optical Coherence Tomography Spatial Frequency Numerical Aperture Reference Beam Interference MicroscopyPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Davidson, M., Kaufman, K., Mazor, I. and Cohen, F. (1987) An application of interference microscopy to integrated circuit inspection and metrology. Proc. SPIE. 775, 233–247CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Danielson, B. L. and Whittenburg, C. D. (1987) Guided-wave reflectometry with micrometer resolution. Appl. Opt. 26, 2842–2836ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Corcoran, V. J. (1965) Directional characteristics in optical heterodyne detection processes. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1819–1825ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Fujii, Y. and Takimoto, H. (1976) Imaging properties due to the optical heterodyne and its application to laser microscopy. Opt. Comm. 18, 45–47ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Sawatari, T. (1973) Optical heterodyne scanning microscope. Appl. Opt. 12, 2768–2772ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Roy, M. and Hariharan, H. (1995) White-Light geometric phase interferometer for surface profiling. Proc. SPIE 2554, 64–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Huang, D., Swanson, E. A., Lin, C. P., Schuman, J. S., Puliafito, C. A. and Fujimoto, J. G. (1991) Optical coherence tomography. Science 254, 1178–118ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Izatt, J. A., Hee, M. R., Owen, G. A., Swanson, E. A. and Fujimoto, J. G. (1994) Optical coherence microscopy in scattering media. Opt. Lett. 19, 590–592ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Gu, M., Gan, X. and Sheppard, C. J. R.(1991) Three-dimensional coherent transfer functions in fibre optical confocal scanning microscopes. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8, 1019–1025ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Fujimoto, F. G., De Silvestri, S., Ippen, E. P., Puliafito, C. A., Margolis, R. and Oseroff, A. (1986) Femtosecond optical ranging in biological systems. Opt. Lett. 11, 150–152ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Caulfied, H. J., Hirschfield, T. and Williams, A. D. White-light interferometry and phase-locked pulse analysis. Opt. Lett. 1, 56–57Google Scholar
- 12.Sheppard, C. J. R., Gu, M., Mao, X. Q. (1977) Three-dimensional coherent transfer function in a reflection-mode confocal scanning microscope. Opt. Commun. 81, 281–284ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Gu, M. and Sheppard C. J. R. (1995) Three-dimensional image formation in confocal microscopy under ultra-short laser-pulse illumination. J. Mod. Opt. 42, 747–762ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Sheppard, C. J. R. and Gan, X. (1997) Free-space propagation of Femto-second light pulses. Opt. Commun. 133, 1–6ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Sheppard, C. J. R., Connolly, T. J. and Gu, M.(1995) The scattering potential for imaging in the reflection geometry. Opt. Commun. 117, 16–19ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Sheppard, C. J. R. (1998) Imaging of random surfaces and inverse scattering in the Kirchhoff approximation. Waves in Random Media 8, 53–66MathSciNetADSMATHGoogle Scholar