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Dissoziativa

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Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen

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Zusammenfassung

Dissoziativa sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Substanzen, die ihre Wirkung primär durch einen Antagonismus am NMDA-Rezeptor entfalten. Phencyclidin (PCP) ist die Leitsubstanz der Dissoziativa, die jedoch nicht mehr verordnungsfähig ist und nunmehr im nicht-medizinischen Kontext eine Rolle spielt. Das dissoziative Anästhetikum Ketamin ist sowohl in der medizinischen Anwendung als auch in der Partyszene von großer Bedeutung. In hohen Dosierungen kommt es zur dissoziativen Anästhesie und Analgesie, was Ketamin für die Notfallmedizin relevant macht. In mittleren Dosierungen kommt es zu veränderten Bewusstseinszuständen, wie sie im Rahmen des rekreationalen Konsums angestrebt werden, wie sie aber auch in der Bewusstseins- und Modellpsychoseforschung eine Rolle spielen. Zudem zeigt Ketamin eine rasch eintretende antidepressive Wirkung, die aktuell Forschungsgegenstand ist. Weitere relevante Vertreter der Dissoziativa sind Dextrometorphan und die neue psychoaktive Substanz Methoxetamin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland

    Felix Betzler

  2. Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Große Hamburger Str. 5-11, 10115, Berlin, Deutschland

    Tomislav Majić

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  1. Felix Betzler
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  2. Tomislav Majić
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Correspondence to Felix Betzler .

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  1. FINDER Institut für Präventionsforschung & Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Maximilian von Heyden

  2. FINDER Institut für Präventionsforschung, Berlin, Germany

    Henrik Jungaberle

  3. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Tomislav Majić

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Betzler, F., Majić, T. (2018). Dissoziativa. In: von Heyden, M., Jungaberle, H., Majić, T. (eds) Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55125-3_48

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55125-3_48

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