PET Imaging in Altered States of Consciousness: Coma, Sleep, and Hypnosis

  • Aurore Thibaut
  • Camille Chatelle
  • Johan Stender
  • Athena Demertzi
  • Claire Bernard
  • Roland Hustinx
  • Steven Laureys
  • Marie-Aurélie Bruno
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) allows studies of cerebral metabolism and blood flow and has been widely used to investigate physiological mechanisms underlying altered states of consciousness. Consciousness is characterized by two components: wakefulness and awareness. In this chapter, we review the current literature on brain metabolism during pathological loss of consciousness (vegetative/unresponsive or minimally conscious states), sleep, and under hypnosis. Identifying brain areas specifically involved in conscious processing, these studies have contributed to our understanding of the underlying physiology of consciousness. The precuneal and cingulate cortices, for example, seem to be key areas for maintaining consciousness awareness. Other areas such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, or temporo-occipital cortex seem to play a role in different states such as rapid eye movement sleep and hypnosis. PET studies permit a better comprehension of the loss of consciousness and focus the implication of specific neural areas and networks in altered states of consciousness (vegetative/unresponsive or minimally conscious states).

Keywords

Positron Emission Tomography Anterior Cingulate Cortex Positron Emission Tomography Study Conscious State Posterior Cingulate Cortex 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Aurore Thibaut
    • 1
  • Camille Chatelle
    • 1
  • Johan Stender
    • 1
    • 2
  • Athena Demertzi
    • 1
  • Claire Bernard
    • 3
  • Roland Hustinx
    • 3
  • Steven Laureys
    • 1
  • Marie-Aurélie Bruno
    • 1
    • 4
  1. 1.Coma Science Group, Neurology Department, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU Sart-Tilman HospitalUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
  2. 2.Department of NeurologyUniversity of CopenhagenKøbenhavnDenmark
  3. 3.Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU Sart-Tilman HospitalUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
  4. 4.Nuclear Medicine DivisionMont-Godinne University Hospital, Université Catholique de LouvainYvoirBelgium

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