PET and SPECT Imaging in Parkinsonian Syndromes

  • Chris C. Tang
  • Martin Niethammer
  • Patricia J. Allen
  • Klaus (Nico) L. Leenders
  • David Eidelberg
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian disorders can present with a variety of symptoms, and there is often significant overlap between the different disorders. Diagnosis typically relies on clinical examination, especially at follow-up visits, which has limitations. Neuroimaging has played a major role in the elucidation of anatomical and functional abnormalities in different parkinsonian disorders. Various imaging techniques have been investigated for their potential to aid in diagnosis during routine clinical practice. In this chapter, we describe the use of functional imaging with PET and SPECT in the research of parkinsonian syndromes, including multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). We focus on the utility of these imaging techniques to facilitate differential diagnosis and assess disease progression in patients, especially in the early stages of disease.

Keywords

Positron Emission Tomography Multiple System Atrophy Dementia With Lewy Body Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Parkinsonian Syndrome 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

[11C](R)-PK11195

11C(R)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide

APS

Atypical parkinsonian syndromes

CBD

Corticobasal degeneration

CIT

Carboxymethyoxy-3-β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane

COX-2

Cyclooxygenase-2

CVLT

California Verbal Learning Test

DAT

Dopamine transporter

DWI

Diffusion-weighted imaging

FDG

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose

FP

Fluoropropyl

HVLT

Hooper Verbal Learning Test

123I-IBF

123I-Iodolisuride

123I-IBZM

123I-Iodobenzamide

DLB

Dementia with Lewy bodies

LN

Lentiform nucleus

MCI

Mild cognitive impairment

MIBG

Meta-123I-iodobenzylguanidine

MR

Magnetic resonance

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSA

Multiple system atrophy

MSARP

Multiple system atrophy-related pattern

MSA-C

Multiple system atrophy-cerebellar

MSA-P

Multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian

PBBS

Peripheral benzodiazepine binding site

PCA

Principal component analysis

PAGF

Pure akinesia with gait freezing

PD

Parkinson’s disease

PDCP

Parkinson’s disease-related cognitive pattern

PET

Positron emission tomography

PDRP

Parkinson’s disease-related motor pattern

PMC

Premotor cortex

Pre-SMA

Pre-supplementary motor area

PSP

Progressive supranuclear palsy

PSPRP

Progressive supranuclear palsy-related pattern

SMA

Supplementary motor area

SN

Substantia nigra

SPM

Spatial parametric mapping

SPECT

Single-photon emission computed tomography

TCS

Transcranial sonography

TSPO

Translocator protein 18 kDa

99mTc-ECD

Technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer

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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [NINDS R01 NS 35069 and P50 NS 38370 to D.E.], the General Clinical Research Center of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System [National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health, M01 RR018535], and the International Parkinson Fonds, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Chris C. Tang
    • 1
  • Martin Niethammer
    • 1
    • 2
  • Patricia J. Allen
    • 1
  • Klaus (Nico) L. Leenders
    • 3
  • David Eidelberg
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Center for NeurosciencesThe Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhassetUSA
  2. 2.Departments of Neurology and MedicineNorth Shore University HospitalManhassetUSA
  3. 3.Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

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