The Development of the Maize Root System: Role of Auxin and Ethylene

  • María Victoria Alarcón
  • Pedro G. Lloret
  • Julio Salguero
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Soil Biology book series (SOILBIOL, volume 40)

Abstract

The maize primary root is a cylindrical structure formed by consecutive zones: (a) the root apex contains the apical meristem, where cell divisions occur; (b) the elongation zone in which cells stop dividing and start to elongate; and (c) the maturation zone, where cells reach their definitive lengths, cell differentiation begins, and lateral roots initiate. In the root, three main tissue systems can be distinguished: the epidermis, the cortex, and the vascular cylinder. The first layer of the vascular cylinder is the pericycle. Cell cycle activation in pericycle cells is clearly connected with lateral root initiation.

Root grows basically by the elongation of its cells and branches through proliferation of pericycle founder cells. Auxin is the main hormone in regulating these both processes. Exogenous auxin inhibits root growth, increases transversal expansion, and enhances lateral root formation. As auxin also enhances ethylene production, it is difficult to know whether certain auxin effects are mediated by ethylene or not. Based on own results and on the specialized literature, we discussed on regulation by auxin and ethylene of the development of the maize root system. The emerging model is that auxin and ethylene regulate root elongation depending on concentration and that both regulators interact to regulate root growth. The role of auxin in regulating lateral root formation is clearly established. However, ethylene does not seem to have such a direct role in this process.

Keywords

Root Hair Root Elongation Auxin Transport Root Apex Elongation Zone 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • María Victoria Alarcón
    • 1
  • Pedro G. Lloret
    • 2
  • Julio Salguero
    • 3
  1. 1.Departamento de HortofruticulturaInstituto de Investigaciones Agrarias La Orden-Valdesequera. CICYTEX. Gobierno de ExtremaduraBadajozSpain
  2. 2.Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajozSpain
  3. 3.Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Ecología y Ciencias de la TierraUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajozSpain

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