Polystyrene Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

  • Ehsan Zeimaran
  • Abozar Akbarivakilabadi
  • Mainak Majumder

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit excellent mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties as well as nanometer-scale diameter and high aspect ratio, which give them a great deal of attention and have been the focus of extensive research efforts as model systems in nanotechnology. Since CNTs usually agglomerate due to van der Waals forces, it is extremely difficult to disperse and align them in a polymer matrix, which consequently leading to many defect sites in the composites and limiting the efficiency of CNTs on polymer matrices. In this chapter, we focus on recent development in preparation and characterization and also review effective parameters on CNT dispersion in polystyrene carbon nanotube nanocomposites.

Keywords

Polystyrene Carbon nanotube Nanocomposite Functionalization Ultrasonication 

References

  1. 1.
    AL-Ghamdi AS, Ali MY (2012) Rheological and thermal behaviour of high impact polystyrene nanocomposite. Adv Mater Res 383–390:3849–3853. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.383-390.3849Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Al-Shabanat M (2012) Electrical studies of nanocomposites consisting of MWNTs and polystyrene. J Polym Res 19(2):1–8. doi:10.1007/s10965-011-9795-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Amr IT, Al-Amer APST, Al-Harthi M, Girei SA, Sougrat R, Atieh MA (2011) Effect of acid treated carbon nanotubes on mechanical, rheological and thermal properties of polystyrene nanocomposites. Compos Part B: Eng 42(6):1554–1561. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.04.013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Bermúdez MD, Carrión FJ, Espejo C, Martínez-López E, Sanes J (2011) Abrasive wear under multiscratching of polystyrene + single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Effect of sliding direction and modification by ionic liquid. Appl Surf Sci 257(21):9073–9081. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.05.103CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Choi Y-J, Hwang S-H, Hong YS, Kim J-Y, Ok C-Y, Huh W, Lee S-W (2005) Preparation and characterization of PS/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Polym Bull 53(5–6):393–400. doi:10.1007/s00289-005-0348-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Fragneaud B, Masenelli-Varlot K, Gonzalez-Montiel A, Terrones M, Cavaillé JY (2008) Mechanical behavior of polystyrene grafted carbon nanotubes/polystyrene nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 68(15–16):3265–3271. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.08.013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Grady BP, Paul A, Peters JE, Ford WT (2009) Glass transition behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube − polystyrene composites. Macromolecules 42(16):6152–6158. doi:10.1021/ma900375gCrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Hill DE, Lin Y, Rao AM, Allard LF, Sun Y-P (2002) Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with polystyrene. Macromolecules 35(25):9466–9471. doi:10.1021/ma020855rCrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Hu H, Hui KN, Hui KS, Lee SK, Zhou W (2012) Facile and green method for polystyrene grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their electroresponse. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 396:177–181. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.066CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Huang C-L, Wang C (2011) Polymorphism and transcrystallization of syndiotactic polystyrene composites filled with carbon nanotubes. Eur Polym J 47(11):2087–2096. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.08.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56–58. doi:10.1038/354056a0CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Kim ST, Choi HJ, Hong SM (2006) Bulk polymerized polystyrene in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Colloid Polym Sci 285(5):593–598. doi:10.1007/s00396-006-1599-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Koziol KKK, Boncel S, Shaffer MSP, Windle AH (2011) Aligned carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites prepared by in situ polymerisation of stacked layers. Compos Sci Technol 71(13):1606–1611. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.07.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Lahelin M, Annala M, Nykänen A, Ruokolainen J, Seppälä J (2011) In situ polymerized nanocomposites: polystyrene/CNT and Poly(methyl methacrylate)/CNT composites. Compos Sci Technol 71(6):900–907. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.02.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Loos J, Alexeev A, Grossiord N, Koning CE, Regev O (2005) Visualization of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks in conductive polystyrene nanocomposites by charge contrast imaging. Ultramicroscopy 104(2):160–167. doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.03.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Mazov IN, Kuznetsov VL, Krasnikov DV, Rudina NA, Romanenko AI, Anikeeva OB, Suslyaev VI et al (2011) Structure and properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes/polystyrene composites prepared via coagulation precipitation technique. J Nanotechnol 2011:1–7. doi:10.1155/2011/648324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Patole AS, Patole SP, Jung S-Y, Yoo J-B, An J-H, Kim T-H (2012) Self assembled graphene/carbon nanotube/polystyrene hybrid nanocomposite by in situ microemulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 48(2):252–259. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.11.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Peters JE, Papavassiliou DV, Grady BP (2008) Unique thermal conductivity behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube–polystyrene composites. Macromolecules 41(20):7274–7277Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Safadi B, Andrews R, Grulke EA (2002) Multiwalled carbon nanotube polymer composites: synthesis and characterization of thin films. J Appl Polym Sci 84(14):2660–2669. doi:10.1002/app.10436CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Shin J, Kim C, Geckeler KE (2009) Single-walled carbon nanotube-polystyrene nanocomposites: dispersing nanotubes in organic media. Polym Int 58(5):579–583. doi:10.1002/pi.2550CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Shrivastava NK, Khatua BB (2011) Development of electrical conductivity with minimum possible percolation threshold in multi-wall carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites. Carbon 49(13):4571–4579. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.070CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Tchoul MN, Ford WT, Ha MLP, Chavez-Sumarriva I, Grady BP, Lolli G, Resasco DE et al (2008) Composites of single-walled carbon nanotubes and polystyrene: preparation and electrical conductivity. Chem Mater 20(9):3120–3126. doi:10.1021/cm703625wCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Wang Z, Lu M, Li H-L, Guo X-Y (2006) SWNTs–polystyrene composites preparations and electrical properties research. Mater Chem Phys 100(1):77–81. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.12.008CrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Wu T, Chen E (2008) Preparation and characterization of conductive carbon nanotube–polystyrene nanocomposites using latex technology. Compos Sci Technol 68(10–11):2254–2259. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.04.010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Yang Z, Dong B, Huang Y, Liu L, Yan F-Y, Li H-L (2005) Enhanced wear resistance and micro-hardness of polystyrene nanocomposites by carbon nanotubes. Mater Chem Phys 94(1):109–113. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.04.029CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Yu J, Lu K, Sourty E, Grossiord N, Koning CE, Loos J (2007) Characterization of conductive multiwall carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites prepared by latex technology. Carbon 45(15):2897–2903. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2007.10.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Yuan C, Wang J, Chen G, Zhang J, Yang J (2011) Orientation studies of uniaxial drawn syndiotactic polystyrene/carbon nanotube nanocomposite films. Soft Matter 7(8):4039. doi:10.1039/c0sm01475cCrossRefADSGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Yuan J-M, Fan Z-F, Chen X-H, Chen X-H, Wu Z-J, He L-P (2009) Preparation of polystyrene–multiwalled carbon nanotube composites with individual-dispersed nanotubes and strong interfacial adhesion. Polymer 50(14):3285–3291. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.065CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ehsan Zeimaran
    • 1
  • Abozar Akbarivakilabadi
    • 2
  • Mainak Majumder
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor BahruMalaysia
  2. 2.Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory (NSEL), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia

Personalised recommendations