Pädiatrie pp 1359-1391 | Cite as

Angeborene Herz- und Gefäßanomalien

  • Johannes Breuer
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Zusammenfassung

Acht bis zehn von 1000 lebend geborenen Kindern haben eine angeborene Herz- oder Gefäßanomalie. Hierbei sind der offene Ductus arteriosus des Frühgeborenen sowie im Kindesalter oft nicht auffallende, aber durchaus häufige Anomalien wie die bikuspide Aortenklappe, der Mitralklappenprolaps, asymptomatische Aortenbogenanomalien und eine persistierende linke V. cava superior nicht mitgerechnet. Bei 2–3 von 1000 Neugeborenen ist die Anomalie so schwer, dass sie bereits im Säuglingsalter Symptome verursacht und einer Behandlung bedarf. Die Prävalenz angeborener Herz- und Gefäßanomalien bei Spontanaborten bzw. Totgeburten ist mit ca. 15 % bzw. 3–4 % erheblich höher als bei lebendgeborenen Kindern.

Die relative Häufigkeit einzelner Herz- und Gefäßanomalien bei Neugeborenen geht aus Tab. 172.1 hervor, in der die Daten der sog. PAN-Studie aus Deutschland zusammengeführt sind. Da viele Anomalien in Kombination mit anderen auftreten, erfolgt die Klassifizierung nach dem klinisch führenden Defekt. Alle Untersuchungen zeigen übereinstimmend, dass der Ventrikelseptumdefekt der bei Weitem häufigste Herzfehler ist.

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Johannes Breuer
    • 1
  1. 1.Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde, Abt. für KinderkardiologieUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnDeutschland

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