Disorders of Micturition

  • Georges L. Kaiser
Chapter

Abstract

Distorted micturition is a frequent presenting sign in childhood that draws attention of the parents especially in all kinds of wetting. In reality, the appearance of distorted micturition is many and diverse; it may be classified diagrammatically into five categories:
  1. 1.

    Acute or chronic urinary retention

     
  2. 2.

    Continuous leaking (as urine flow or dribbling) or intermittent uncontrolled micturition – incontinence or overflow incontinence

     
  3. 3.

    Abnormal course of micturition (see lower obstructive uropathies)

     
  4. 4.

    Abnormal direction of micturition: Deflection, doubling of, or fan-like urinary stream, ballooning of the urethra or prepuce, and exit of urine at abnormal sites

     
  5. 5.

    Symptomatology of dysfunctional voiding: Daytime wetting or urinary tract infection, and more specifically, delayed bladder maturation with pollakiuria due to a small bladder volume or absent control, frequent urge and hold maneuvers, prolonged micturitions in portions, etc.

     

Keywords

Posterior Urethral Valve Urethral Diverticulum Bladder Exstrophy Dysfunctional Voiding Overflow Incontinence 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Bibliography

General: Penile Lesions, End-Stage Renal Disease, and Enuresis

  1. Kirkham AP, Illing RO, Minhas S, Allen C (2008) MR imaging of nonmalignant penile lesions. Radiographics 28:837–853PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Largo RH, Gianciaruso M, Prader A (1978) Die Entwicklung der Darm- und Blasenkontrolle von der Geburt bis zum 18. Lebensjahr. Longitudinale Studie. Schweiz Med Wschr 108:155–160PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. McDonald SP, for the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Nephrology Association (2004) Long-term survival of children with end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med 350:2654–2662PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Robson WLM, Leung AKC, Van Howe R (2005) Primary and secondary nocturnal enuresis: similarities in presentation. Pediatrics 115:956–959PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Ruano R (2011) Fetal surgery for severe lower urinary tract obstruction. Prenat Diagn 31:667–674PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Wiersma R (2009) Urethro-ejaculatory duct reflux in ­children: an updated review. Eur J Pediatr Surg 19:374–376PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Section 28.1.1

  1. Grafstein NH, Combs AJ, Glassberg KI (2005) Primary bladder neck dysfunction: an overlooked entity in children. Curr Urol Rep 6:133–139PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Section 28.1.2

  1. Gygi C, Plaschkes J, Carvajal MI, Kaiser G (1994) Prostatic utricle: an unusual case report. Eur J Pediatr Surg 4:211–213PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Hendry WF, Pryor JP (1992) Müllerian duct (prostatic utricle) cyst: diagnosis and treatment in subfertile males. Br J Urol 69:79–82PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Kaplan GW, Picconi JR, Schuhrke TD (1977) Posterior approach to Müllerian duct and seminal vesical cysts. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 13(5):241–245PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Monfort G (1982) Transvesical approach to utricular cysts. J Pediatr Surg 17:406–409PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Schuhrke TD, Kaplan GW (1978) Prostatic utricle cysts (Müllerian duct cyst). J Urol 119:765–767PubMedGoogle Scholar

Section 28.1.3

  1. Bani Hani O, Prelog K, Smith GH (2006) A method to assess posterior urethral valve ablation. J Urol 176:303–305PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Berrocal T, Lopez-Pereira P, Arjonilla A, Gutierrez J (2002) Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in children: embryologic, radiologic, and pathologic features. Radiographics 22:1139–1146PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Biard JM, Johnson MP, Carr MC, Wilson RD, Hedrick HL, Pavlock C, Adzick NS (2005) Long-term outcomes in children treated by prenatal vesicoamniotic shunting for lower urinary tract obstruction. Obstet Gynecol 106:503–508PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Carr MC, Snyder HM (2004) Urethral valves. Fate of the bladder and upper urinary tract. Urologe A 43:408–413PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Desai DY (2007) A review of urodynamic evaluation in children and its role in the management of boys with posterior urethral valves. Indian J Urol 23:435–442PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Duckett JW, Baskin LS (1998) Hypospadias. In: O’Neill JA Jr et al (eds) Pediatric surgery, vol II, 5th edn. Mosby, St. LouisGoogle Scholar
  7. Ellis DG, Mann CM Jr (1998) Abnormalities of the urethra, penis, and scrotum. In: O’Neill JA Jr et al (eds) Pediatric surgery, vol II, 5th edn. Mosby, St. LouisGoogle Scholar
  8. Glassberg KI (2001) The valve bladder syndrome: 20 years later. J Urol 166:1406–1414PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Glassberg KI (2002) Editorial: the valve bladder syndrome. J Urol 167:298–299PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Hodges SJ, Patel B, McLone G, Atala A (2009) Posterior urethral valves. Scientific World Journal 9:1119–1126PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Kajbafzadeh A (2005a) Congenital urethral anomalies in boys. Part I: posterior urethral valves. Urol J 2:59–78PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Kajbafzadeh A (2005b) Congenital urethral anomalies in boys. Part II. Urol J 2:125–131PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Karmarkar SJ (2001) Long-term results of surgery for posterior urethral valves: a review. Pediatr Surg Int 17:8–10PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Koff SA, Mutabagani KH, Jayanthi VR (2002) The valve bladder syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment with nocturnal bladder emptying. J Urol 167:291–297PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Lal R, Bhatnagar V, Agarwala S, Grover VP, Mitra DK (1999) Urodynamic evaluation in boys for posterior urethral valves. Pediatr Surg Int 15:358–362PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Mildenberger H, Habenicht R, Zimmermann H (1989) Infants with posterior urethral valves: a retrospective study and consequences for therapy. Prog Pediatr Surg 23:104–112PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Patil KK, Wilcox DT, Samuel M, Duffy PG, Ransley PG, Gonzalez R (2003) Management of urinary extravasation in 18 boys with posterior urethral valves. J Urol 169:1508–1511, discussion 1511PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Puri A, Grover VP, Agarwala S, Mitra DK, Bhatnagar V (2002) Initial surgical treatment as a determinant of bladder dysfunction in posterior urethral valves. Pediatr Surg Int 18:438–443PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Quintero RA, Johnson MP, Romero R, Smith C, Arias F, Guevara-Zuloaga F, Cotton DB, Evans MI (1995) In-utero percutaneous cystoscopy in the management of fetal lower obstructive uropathy. Lancet 346:537–540PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Schober JM, Dulabon LM, Woodhouse CR (2004) Outcome of valve ablation in late-presenting posterior urethral valves. BJU Int 94:616–619PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Section 28.1.4

  1. Perovic S, Djakovic N, Hohenfellner M (2004) Penile and urethral anomalies. Urologe A 43:394–401PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Weissmüller J (1985) Harnröhrenduplikation beim Mann. Urologe 24:274–279PubMedGoogle Scholar

Section 28.1.5

  1. Meeks JJ, Erickson BA, Granieri MA, Gonzalez CM (2009) Stricture recurrence after urethroplasty: a systematic review. J Urol 182:1266–1270. Comment in: J Urol (2009) 182:1259–1260PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Mundy AR (2006) Management of urethral strictures. Postgrad Med J 82:489–493PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Section 28.1.6

  1. Klingler J (1970) Der Durchmesser des Meatus externus urethrae bei Mädchen von 0–10 Jahren. Urol Int 25:551–562PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Pompino HJ, Hoffmann D (1984) Anomalies of the external urethral orifice in girls. Prog Pediatr Surg 17:49–56PubMedGoogle Scholar

Section 28.1.7

  1. Sheldon CA, Snyder HM III (1998) Structural Disorders of the Bladder, Augmentation. In: O’Neill JA Jr et al (eds) Pediatric surgery, vol II, 5th edn. Mosby, St. LouisGoogle Scholar

Sections 28.1.8 and 28.1.9

  1. Centeno-Wolf N, Chardot C, Le Coultre CP, La Scala GC (2008) Infected urocolpos and generalized peritonitis secondary to labia minora adhesions. J Pediatr Surg 43:e35–e39PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Section 28.2.1

  1. Apostolidis A, Dasgupta P, Denys P, Elneil S, Fowler CJ, Giannantoni A, Karsenty G, Schulte-Baukloh H, Schurch B, Wyndaele JJ, European Consensus Panel (2009) Recommendations on the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of lower urinary tract disorders and pelvic floor dysfunctions: a European consensus report. Eur Urol 55:100–119PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Bauer SB (2008) Neurogenic bladder: etiology and assessment. Pediatr Nephrol 23(23):541–551PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. de Jong TPVM, Chrzan R, Klijn AJ, Dik P (2008) Treatment of the neurogenic bladder in spina bifida. Pediatr Nephrol 23:889–896PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Gamé X, Mouracade P, Chartier-Kastker E et al (2009) Botulinum toxin-A (Botox) intradetrusor injections in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity/neurogenic overactive bladder: a systematic literature review. J Pediatr Urol 5:156–164PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Lazarus J (2009) Intravesical oxybutynin in the pediatric neurogenic bladder. Nat Rev Urol 6:671–674PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Misseri R, Rosenbaum DH, Rink RC (2008) Reflux in cystoplasties. Arch Esp Urol 61:213–217PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Section 28.2.2

  1. Abrams P, Andersson KE (2007) Muscarinic receptor antagonists for overactive bladder. BJU Int 100:987–1006PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Bauer SB (2002) Special considerations of overactive bladder in children. Urology 60(5 Suppl 1):43–48, discussion 49PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Chase J, Austin P, Hoebeke P, McKenna P, International Children’s Continence Society (2010) The management of dysfunctional voiding in children: a report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol 183:1296–1302PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Glassberg KI, Combs AJ (2009) Nonneurogenic voiding disorders: what’s new? Curr Opin Urol 19:412–418PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Hoebeke P, Van Laecke E, Raes A, Van Gool JD, Vande Walle J (1999) Anomalies of the external urethral meatus in girls with non-neurogenic bladder sphincter dysfunction. BJU Int 83:294–298PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Houle AM, Gilmour RF, Churchill BM, Gaumaond M, Bissonnette B (1993) What volume Can a child normally store in the bladder at a safe pressure? J Urol 149:561–564PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Kakizaki H, Moriya K, Ameda K, Shibata T, Tanaka H, Koyanagi T (2003) Diameter of the external urethral sphincter as a predictor of detrusor-sphincter incoordination in children: comparative study of voiding cystourethrography. J Urol 169:655–658PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Nguyen MT, Pavlock CL, Zderic SA, Carr MC, Canning DA (2005) Overnight catheter drainage diuresis in children with poorly compliant bladders improves post-obstructive and urinary incontinence. J Urol 174:1633–1636, discussion 1636PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Nijman RJ (2004) Role of antimuscarinics in the treatment of nonneurogenic daytime urinary incontinence in children. Urology 63(3 Suppl 1):45–50PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Pompino HJ, Bodecker RH, Trammer UA (1995) Urethral valves during the first year of life – a retrospective, multicenter study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 5:3–8PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Schulman SL, Duckett JW (1998) Disorders of bladder function. In: O’Neill JA Jr et al (eds) Pediatric surgery, vol II, 5th edn. Mosby, St. LouisGoogle Scholar
  12. van Gool JD, Hjalmas K, Tamminen-Möbius T, Olbing H, on behalf of the International Reflux Study in Children (1992) Historical clues to the complex of dysfunctional voiding, urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol 148:1699–1702PubMedGoogle Scholar

Section 28.3

  1. Asgari SA, Mansour Ghanaie M, Simforoosh N, Kajbafzadeh A, Zare’ A (2005) Acute urinary retention in children. Urol J 2:23–27PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Garcia-Nieto V, Navarro JF, Sanchez-Almeida E et al (1997) Standards for ultrasound guidance of suprapubic aspiration. Pediatr Nephrol 11:607–609PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Kaefer M, Zurakowski D, Bauer SB et al (1997) Estimating normal bladder capacity in children. J Urol 158:2261–2264PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Munir V, Barnett P, South M (2002) Does the use of volumetric bladder ultrasound improve the success rate of suprapubic aspiration of urine? Pediatr Emerg Care 18:346–349PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Peter JR, Steinhardt GF (1993) Acute urinary retention in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 9:205–207PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Section 28.4

  1. Brock JW III, O’Neill JA Jr (1998) Bladder exstrophy. In: O’Neill JA Jr et al (eds) Pediatric surgery, vol II, 5th edn. Mosby, St. LouisGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  • Georges L. Kaiser
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Pediatric Surgery InselspitalUniversity of BerneBerneSwitzerland

Personalised recommendations