A Survey on Privacy Problems and Solutions for VANET Based on Network Model

  • Hun-Jung Lim
  • Tai-Myoung Chung
Conference paper
Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 7017)

Abstract

For a long term of vehicle communication research, now VANET is in a stage of implementation. However, most of VANET researches focus on message transmission. Vehicle is extremely personal device; therefore personal information, so called privacy has to be protected. In this paper, we analyze identity and location privacy threatening factors, problems, and solutions based on network model. To analyze solution’s effectiveness, we define four attack models: External attack, Internal attack, Correlational attack, and Relational attack. According to our research, most of the solutions use pseudonym identity or address changing scheme to protect identity privacy. Also, solutions are weak to or do not consider the relational attack. We analyze this is due the meet the network model’s transparency design goal and protect vehicle’s real identity even revealing the vehicle’s location. The result of this paper could guide a way to design a privacy preserve solution and present a trend of existing solutions.

Keywords

VANET Identity Privacy Location Privacy 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Kent, S.T., Millett, L.I.: IDs–not that easy: Questions about nationwide identity systems. Natl. Academy Pr., Washington DC (2002)Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Beresford, A.R., Stajano, F.: Location Privacy in Pervasive Computing. IEEE Pervasive Computing 2, 46–55 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Fuentes, J.M., González-Tablas, A.I., Ribagorda, A.: Overview of Security Issues in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2010) Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Gruteser, M., Grunwald, D.: Enhancing Location Privacy in Wireless LAN through Disposable Interface Identifiers: A Quantitative Analysis. Mobile Networks and Applications 10, 315–325 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Huang, L., Matsuura, K., Yamane, H., Sezaki, K.: Enhancing wireless location privacy using silent period. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1187–1192. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Jiang, T., Wang, H.J., Hu, Y.C.: Preserving location privacy in wireless LANs. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, pp. 246–257. ACM, New York (2007)Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Pang, J., Greenstein, B., Gummadi, R., Seshan, S., Wetherall, D.: 802.11 user fingerprinting. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 99–110. ACM, New York (2007)Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Greenstein, B., McCoy, D., Pang, J., Kohno, T., Seshan, S., Wetherall, D.: Improving wireless privacy with an identifier-free link layer protocol. In: Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, pp. 17–20. Citeseer (June 2008) Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Droms, R.: Dynamic host configuration protocol (1997) Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Srisuresh, P., Holdrege, M.: RFC 2663. IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations (1999) Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Thomson, S., Narten, T., Jinmei, T.: RFC4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. Standards Track, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4862.txt AUTOCONF-Stating the Problem, 31
  12. 12.
    Haddad, W., Nordmark, E., Dupontand, F., Bagnulo, M., Park, S., Patil, B.: Privacy for Mobile and Multi-homed Nodes: MoMiPriv Problem Statement (2005) Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Groat, S., Dunlop, M., Marchany, R., Tront, J.: The privacy implications of stateless IPv6 addressing. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research, pp. 1–4. ACM, New York (2010)Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Lindqvist, J.: IPv6 is Bad for Your Privacy (2007) Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Trostle, J., Matsuoka, H., Tariq, M.M.B., Kempf, J., Kawahara, T., Jain, R.: Cryptographically protected prefixes for location privacy in ipv6. In: Martin, D., Serjantov, A. (eds.) PET 2004. LNCS, vol. 3424, pp. 142–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Narten, T., Draves, R., Krishnan, S.: RFC 4941-Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6. IETF (September 2007) Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Nikander, P., Arkko, J., Kempf, J., Zill, B.: SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C., Carney, M.: Dynamic host configuration protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) (2003) Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Koodli, R.: RFC 4882: IP Address Location Privacy and Mobile IPv6: Problem Statement (2007) Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Qiu, Y.: RFC 5726 : Mobile IPv6 Location Privacy Solutions (2010) Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Geographic Location/Privacy (geopriv), http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/geopriv/
  22. 22.
    Beresford, A.R., Stajano, F.: Mix zones: User privacy in location-aware services. In: Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2004, pp. 127–131. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Huang, L., Yamane, H., Matsuura, K., Sezaki, K.: Towards modeling wireless location privacy. In: Danezis, G., Martin, D. (eds.) PET 2005. LNCS, vol. 3856, pp. 59–77. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Huang, L., Yamane, H., Matsuura, K., Sezaki, K.: Silent Cascade: Enhancing Location Privacy without Communication Qos Degradation. In: Clark, J.A., Paige, R.F., Polack, F.A.C., Brooke, P.J. (eds.) SPC 2006. LNCS, vol. 3934, pp. 165–180. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Li, M., Sampigethaya, K., Huang, L., Poovendran, R.: Swing & swap: user-centric approaches towards maximizing location privacy. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Privacy in Electronic Society, pp. 19–28. ACM, New York (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Raya, M., Hubaux, J.P.: The security of vehicular ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, pp. 11–21. ACM, New York (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Gerlach, M., Guttler, F.: Privacy in VANETs using changing pseudonyms-ideal and real. In: IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2007-Spring, pp. 2521–2525. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Gerlach, M.: Assessing and Improving Privacy in VANETs. ESCAR, Embedded Security in Cars (2006) Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Buttyán, L., Holczer, T., Vajda, I.: On the Effectiveness of Changing Pseudonyms to Provide Location Privacy in VANETs. In: Stajano, F., Meadows, C., Capkun, S., Moore, T. (eds.) ESAS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4572, pp. 129–141. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Dötzer, F.: Privacy issues in vehicular ad hoc networks. In: Danezis, G., Martin, D. (eds.) PET 2005. LNCS, vol. 3856, pp. 197–209. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Golle, P., Greene, D., Staddon, J.: Detecting and correcting malicious data in VANETs. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, pp. 29–37. ACM, New York (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Freudiger, J., Raya, M., Felegyhazi, M., Papadimitratos, P., Hubaux, J.P.: Mix-zones for location privacy in vehicular networks. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Wireless Networking for Intelligent Transportation Systems (WiN-ITS 2007) (2007) Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    Buttyán, L., Holczer, T., Weimerskirch, A., Whyte, W.: Slow: A practical pseudonym changing scheme for location privacy in vanets. In: 2009 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), pp. 1–8. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2010)Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Dahl, M., Delaune, S., Steel, G.: Formal Analysis of Privacy for Vehicular Mix-Zones. In: Gritzalis, D., Preneel, B., Theoharidou, M. (eds.) ESORICS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6345, pp. 55–70. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Poovendran, R., Sampigethaya, K., Huang, L., Li, M., Matsuura, K., Sezaki, K.: CARAVAN: Providing Location Privacy for VANET (2005) Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    Sampigethaya, K., Li, M., Huang, L., Poovendran, R.: Amoeba: Robust Location Privacy Scheme for Vanet. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 25, 1569–1589 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Papadimitratos, P., Buttyan, L., Hubaux, J.P., Kargl, F., Kung, A., Raya, M.: Architecture for secure and private vehicular communications. In: 7th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications, ITST 2007, pp. 1–6. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Hun-Jung Lim
    • 1
  • Tai-Myoung Chung
    • 2
  1. 1.Dept. of Computer EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversityKorea
  2. 2.School of Information Communication EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversityKorea

Personalised recommendations