Water and Wastewater Treatment using Nano-technology

Abstract

The growth history of usage of reversible energy (from 1973) and development of nanotechnology (from 1994) shows that world’s society searching for usage of modern technology in practical development of reversible energy in great amount in global village. So the third world countries and development countries according to great profit it of free reversible energy they must use those sources when fossil sources has being finished (for independence in providing of energy. Today nanoparticles, nanomembrane and nanopowder used for detection and removal of chemical and biological substances include metals (e. g. Cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc), nutrients (e. g. Phosphate, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite), cyanide, organics, algae (e. g. cyanobacterial toxins) viruses, bacteria, parasites and antibiotics. Basically four classes of nanoscale materials that are being evaluated as functional materials for water purification e. g. metal-containing nanoparticles, carbonaceous nanomaterials, zeolites and dendrimers. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers also show some positive result. Nanomaterials reveal good result than other techniques used in water treatment because of its high surface area (surface/volume ratio).