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Late Quaternary Sedimentation and Early Diagenesis in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Patterns, Trends and Processes Deduced from Rock Magnetic and Geochemical Records

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The South Atlantic in the Late Quaternary

Abstract

This is an interdisciplinary and synoptic study of Equatorial Atlantic sediment formation in the Late Quaternary aimed at untangling the interlaced signatures of terrigenous and biogenous deposition and early diagenesis. It is based on a stratigraphic network of 16 gravity core records arranged along one meridional and three zonal transects (4°N, 0° and 4°S) crossing the Amazon and Sahara plumes as well as the Equatorial Divergence high productivity region. All newly introduced sediment sequences are collectively dated by their coherent CaCO3 content profiles and two available δ18O age models. To infer proxy records indicative of individual fluxes and processes, we analyze environmental magnetic parameters describing magnetite concentration, magnetic grain sizes and magnetic mineralogy along with CaCO3, Corg, Fe, Mn, Ba and color data. Diagenetically affected layers are identified by a newly introduced Fe/κ index. Reach and climatic variability of the major regional sedimentation systems is delimited from lithological patterns and glacial/interglacial accumulation rate averages. The most prominent regional trends are the N-S decrease in terrigenous accumulation and the Equatorial Divergence high in glacial Corg accumulation, which decays much faster south- than northwards. Glacial enrichments in Corg and proportional depletions in CaCO3, content appear to reflect sedimentary carbonate diagenesis more than lysoclinal oscillations and dominate temporal lithology changes. Suboxic iron mineral reduction is low at Ceara Rise and Sierra Leone Rise, but more intense on both flanks of the Mid-Atlantic ridge, where it occurs within organic rich layers deposited during oxygen isotope stages 6, 10 and 12, in particular at the terminations. To the equator, these zones reflect a full precessional rhythm with individual diagenesis peaks merging into broader magnetite-depleted zones. Rock magnetic and geochemical data show, that the depths of the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox boundary in the Equatorial Atlantic are not indicative of average productivity and were frequently shifted in the past. They are now located just above the topmost preserved productivity pulse. At 4°N, this organically enriched layer coincides with glacial stage 6, at 0° with glacial stage 2. Subsequent oxic and suboxic degradation of organic material entails stratigraphically coincident carbonate and magnetite losses opening new analytical perspectives.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Postfach 33 04 40, D-28334, Bremen, Germany

    J. A. Funk, T. von Dobeneck & S. Kasten

  2. Paleomagnetic Laboratory 'Fort Hoofddijk', Faculty of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 17, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    T. von Dobeneck

  3. Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Dept., Fye Laboratory (MS#4), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1543, USA

    T. Wagner

Authors
  1. J. A. Funk
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  2. T. von Dobeneck
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  3. T. Wagner
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  4. S. Kasten
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. DFG Research Center Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Straße, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Gerold Wefer , Stefan Mulitza  & Volker Ratmeyer ,  & 

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© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Funk, J.A., von Dobeneck, T., Wagner, T., Kasten, S. (2003). Late Quaternary Sedimentation and Early Diagenesis in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Patterns, Trends and Processes Deduced from Rock Magnetic and Geochemical Records. In: Wefer, G., Mulitza, S., Ratmeyer, V. (eds) The South Atlantic in the Late Quaternary. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18917-3_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18917-3_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62354-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18917-3

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