Techniques Toward High Speed Operation of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Chapter
Part of the Engineering Materials book series (ENG.MAT.)

Abstract

In this section some theoretical and experimental techniques will be presented to increase the gain and phase recovery time and speed up the Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) operation. These methods include the regular bulk SOAs and also quantum dot SOAs (QD-SOAs). However one can generalize these techniques to quantum-well SOAs (QW-SOAs) either.

Keywords

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Wavelength Conversion Wavelength Converter Electron Relaxation Time Confinement Factor 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

References

  1. 1.
    Sun, H., Wang, Q., Dong, H., Zhu, G., Dutta, N.K., Jaques, J.: Gain dynamics and saturation property of a semiconductor optical amplifier with a carrier reservoir. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 196–198 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Sugawara, M., Akiyama, T., Hatori, N., Nakata, Y., Ebe, H., Ishikawa, H.: Quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers for high-bit-rate signal processing up to 160 Gb/s and a new scheme of 3R regenerators. Meas. Sci. Technol. 13, 1683–1691 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Furata, T.: High Field Minority Electron Transport in GaAs in Semiconductors and Semimetals. Academic, New York (1993)Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Reschner, D.W., Gehrig, E., Hess, O.: Pulse amplification and spatio-spectral hole-burning in inhomogeneously broadened quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45, 21–33 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Berg, T.W., Mørk, J.: Saturation and noise properties of quantum-dot optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 1527–1539 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Sosnowski, T.S., Norris, T.B., Jiang, H., Singh, J., Kamath, K., Bhattacharya, P.: Rapid carrier relaxation in In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum dots characterized by differential transmission spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 57, R9423–R9426 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Agrawal, G.P., Dutta, N.K.: Semiconductor Lasers. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1993)Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Mecozzi, A., Møork, J.: Saturation effect in nondegenerate four-wave mixing between short optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifier. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 3, 1190–1207 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Tang, J.M., Shore, K.A.: Characteristic of optical phase conjugation of picosecond pulses in semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1032–1040 (1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Sugawara, M., Ebe, H., Hatori, N., Ishida, M., Arakawa, Y., Akiyama, T., Otsubo, K., Nakata, Y.: Theory of optical signal amplification and processing by quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 69, 235332-1–235332-39 (2004)Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Manning, R.J., Davies, D.A.O.: Three-wavelength device for all-optical signal processing. Opt. Lett. 19, 889–891 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Inoue, K., Yoshino, M.: Gain dynamics of a saturated semiconductor laser amplifier with 1.47-μm ld pumping. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, 506–508 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Usami, M., Tsurusawa, M., Matsushima, Y.: Mechanism for reducing recovery time of optical nonlinearity in semiconductor laser amplifier. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2657–2659 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Dupertuis, M.A., Pleumeekers, J.L., Hessler, T.P., Selbmann, P.E., Deveaud, B., Dagens, B., Emery, J.Y.: Extremely fast high-gain and low-current soa by optical speed-up at transparency. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1453–1455 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Tai, C., Tzeng, S.L., Chang, H.C., Way, W.I.: Reduction of nonlinear distortion in MQW semiconductor optical amplifier using light injection and its application in multichannel m-qam signal transmission systems. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 609–611 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Yoshino, M., Inoue, K.: Improvement of saturation output power in a semiconductor laser amplifier through pumping light injection. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, 58–59 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Yu, J., Jeppesen, P.: Improvement of cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier gates by using holding light injection. J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 614–623 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Ho, K.-P., Liaw, S.-K., Lin, C.: Reduction of semiconductor laser amplifier induced distortion and crosstalk for wdm systems using light injection. Electron. Lett. 32, 2210–2211 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Pleumeekers, J.L., Kauer, M., Dreyer, K., Burrus, C., Dentai, A.G., Shunk, S., Leuthold, J., Joyner, C.H.: Acceleration of gain recovery in semiconductor optical amplifiers by optical injection near transparency wavelength. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 12–14 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Talli, G., Adams, M.J.: Gain recovery acceleration in semiconductor optical amplifiers employing a holding beam. Opt. Commun. 245, 363–370 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Talli, G., Adams, M.J.: Gain dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers and three-wavelength devices. IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 39, 1305–1313 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Liu, Y., Tangdiongga, E., Li, Z., Zhang, S., Waardt, H., Khoe, G.D., Dorren, H.J.S.: Error-free all-optical wavelength conversion at 160 Gb/s using a semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical bandpass filter. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 230–236 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Chayett, H., Ben Ezra, S., Shachar, N., Tzadok, S., Tsadka, S., Leuthold, J.: Regenerative all-optical wavelength converter based on semiconductor optical amplifier and sharp frequency response. In: Optical Fiber Communication (OFC), Los Angeles, CA, Paper Ths2 (2004)Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Nielsen, M.L., Lavigne, B., Dagens, B.: Polarity-preserving SOA-based wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s using bandpass filtering. Electron. Lett. 39, 1334–1335 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Leuthold, J., Marom, D.M., Cabot, S., Jaques, J.J., Ryf, R., Giles, C.R.: All-optical wavelength conversion using a pulse reformatting optical filter. J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 186–192 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Liu, Y., Tangdiongga, E., Li, Z., Zhang, S., de Waardt, H., Khoe, G.D., Dorren, H.J.S.: 160 Gb/s SOA-ased wavelength converter assisted by an optical bandpass filter. In: Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), Anaheim, CA, PDP17 (2005)Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Mark, J., Mørk, J.: Subpicosecond gain dynamics in InGaAsP optical amplifiers: experiment and theory. Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2281–2283 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Liu, Y., Tangdiongga, E., Li, Z., Zhang, S., de Waardt, H., Khoe, G.D., Dorren, H.J.S.: Error-free 320Gbit/s SOA based wavelength conversion using optical filtering. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, CA, USA, paper PDP28 (2006)Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Nielsen, M., Mork, J.: Increasing the modulation bandwidth of semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based switches by using optical filtering. J.Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 1606–1619 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Leuthold, J.: Trends in the field of all-optical wavelength conversion and regeneration for communication up to 160 Gbit/s. In: Proceedings of ECOC, Glasgow, paper Tu3.3.6 (2005)Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Manning, R.J.: Cancellation of nonlinear patterning in semiconductor amplifier based switches. In: Proceedings of OAA, Whistler, Canada, paper OTuC1 (2006)Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    Giller, R.: Recovery dynamics of the Turbo-Switch. In: Proceedings of OAA, Whistler, Canada, paper OTuC2 (2006)Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    Manning, R.J., Giller, R., Yang, X., Webb, R.P., Cotter, D.: SOAs for all-optical switching-techniques for increasing the speed. IEEE ICTON 2007, 239–242 (2007)Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Zhang, L.: Significant reduction of recovery time in semiconductor optical amplifier using p type modulation doped MQW. In: Proceedings of ECOC, Cannes, France, paper Tu4.4.5 (2006)Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    Dagens, B.: Design optimization of all-active Mach-Zehnder wavelength converters. Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 424–426 (1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Miyazaki, Y.: Polarization-insensitive SOA-MZI monolithic all-optical wavelength converter for full C-band 40Gbps-NRZ operation. In: Proceedings of ECOC, Cannes, France, paper Th3.4.2 (2006)Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Giller, R., Manning, R.J., Talli, G., Webb, R.P., Adams, M.J.: Analysis of the dimensional dependence of semiconductor optical amplifier recovery speeds. Opt. Exp. 15, 1773–1782 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Sokoloff, J.P., Prucnal, P.R., Glesk, I., Kane, M.: A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD). IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5, 787–790 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Zhang, L., Kang, I., Bhardwaj, A., Sauer, N., Cabot, S., Jaques, J., Nielson, D.T.: Reduced recovery time semiconductor optical amplifier using p-type-doped multiple quantum wells. Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2323–2325 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Ginovart, F., Simon, J.C.: Semiconductor optical amplifier length effects on gain dynamics. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 36, 1473–1476 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Schares, L., Schubert, C., Schmidt, C., Weber, H.G., Occhi, L., Guekos, G.: Phase dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers at 10–40 GHz. J. Quantum. Electron. 39, 1394–1408 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Li, X., Alexandropoulos, D., Adams, M.J., Lealman, I.F.: Wavelength dependence of gain recovery time in semiconductor optical amplifiers. In: Proceedings of SPIE, vol 5722, pp. 343–350 (2005)Google Scholar
  43. 43.
    Ito, T., Yoshimoto, N., Magari, K., Kishi, K., Kondo, Y.: Extremely low power consumption semiconductor optical amplifier gate for WDM applications. Electron. Lett. 33, 1791–1792 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Ju, H., Uskov, A.V., Nötzel, R., Li, Z., V′azquez, J., Lenstra, D., Khoe, G.D., Dorren, H.J.S.: Effects of two-photon absorption on carrier dynamics in quantum-dot optical amplifiers. Appl. Phys. B 82, 615–620 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Rostami, A., Baghban, H., Qartavol, R.M., Rasooli, H.: Tb/s optical logic gates based on quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46, 354–360 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Uskov, A.V., Berg, T.W., Mørk, J.: Theory of pulse-train amplification without patterning effects in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 306–320 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Ben-Ezra, Y., Haridim, M., Lembrikov, B.I.: Theoretical analysis of gain-recovery time and chirp in QD-SOA. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 1803–1805 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Annetts, P.J., Asghari, M., White, I.H.: The effect of carrier transport on the dynamic performance of gain-saturation wavelength conversion in MQW semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 3, 320–329 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Watanabe, T., Sakaida, N., Yasaka, H., Kano, F., Koga, M.: Transmission performance of chirp controlled signal by using semiconductor optical amplifier. J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1069–1077 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Uskov, A.V., McInerney, J., Adler, F., Schweizer, H., Pulkuhn, M.H.: Auger carrier capture kinetics in self-assembled quantum dot structures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 58–60 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Bhattacharya, P., Klotzkin, D., Qasaimeh, O., Zhou, W., Krishna, S., Zhu, D.: High speed modulation and switching characteristics of InGaAs-AlGaAs self organized quantum dot lasers. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 6, 426–438 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Sun, H., Wang, Q., Dong, H., Dutta, N.K.: XOR performance of a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach–Zender interferometer. Opt. Exp. 13, 1892–1899 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Ben-Ezra, Y., Lembrikov, B.I., Haridim, M.: Ultrafast all-optical processor based on quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45, 34–41 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Steiner, T. (ed.): Semiconductor Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications. Artech House, London (2004)Google Scholar
  55. 55.
    Asryan, L., Suris, R.: Longitudinal spatial hole burning in a quantum-dot lasers. IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 36, 1151–1160 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Qasaimeh, O.: Characteristics of cross-gain (XG) wavelength conversion in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 542–544 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    Qasaimeh, O.: Optical gain and saturation characteristics of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39, 793–798 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Newell, T.C., Bossert, D.J., Stinz, A., Fuchs, A., Malloy, K.J.: Gain and linewidth enhancement factor in InAs quantum-dot laser diodes. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 1527–1529 (1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    Dagens, B., Markus, A., Chen, J.X., Provost, J.-G., Make, D., de Gouezigou, O., Landreau, J., Fiore, A., Thedrez, B.: Giant linewidth enhancement factor and purely frequency modulated emission from quantum dot laser. Electron. Lett. 41, 323–324 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. 60.
    Agrawal, G.P.: Fiber Optic Communication Systems. John Wiley, New York (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Borri, P., Langbein, W., Hvam, J.M., Heinrichsdorff, F., Mao, H.M., Bimberg, D.: Spectral hole-burning and carrier-heating dynamics in quantum-dot amplifiers: comparison with bulk amplifiers. Phys. Status. Solidi. B 224, 419–423 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Meuer, C., Kim, J., Laemmlin, M., Liebich, S., Capua, A., Eisenstein, G., Kovsh, A.R., Mikhrin, S.S., Krestnikov, I.L., Bimberg, D.: Static gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. Opt. Exp. 16, 8269–8279 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    Schneider, S., Borri, P., Langbein, W., Woggon, U., Sellin, R.L., Ouyang, D., Bimberg, D.: Excited-state gain dynamics in InGaAs quantum-dot amplifiers. J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 2014–2016 (2005)Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer -Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Nanophotonics School of Engineering-Emerging TechnologiesUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
  2. 2.Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran

Personalised recommendations