A Decision Making System Based on Complementary Learning

  • Tuan Zea Tan
  • Geok See Ng
  • Chai Quek
Part of the Intelligent Systems Reference Library book series (ISRL, volume 4)

Abstract

Medical decision making is often linked to survival and wellbeing of patients. As such, it is paramount for clinical decision support system to not only provides human-understandable explanation, but also human-relatable reasoning. A human decision making model Complementary Decision Making System (CDMS) is proposed. CDMS is based on complementary learning that functionally models the lateral inhibition and segregation mechanisms observed in the human decision making in prefrontal and parietal lobes. As such, CDMS has a human-like process of decision making. A mapping of hypothetico-deductive reasoning further equip CDMS with a decision making flow that is akin to physicians. CDMS was subsequently applied in diagnosis and it demonstrated its potential as a clinical decision support system.

Keywords

Decision Making Receptive Field Fuzzy Rule Lateral Inhibition Reward System 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Hampton, A.N., O’Doherty, J.P.: Decoding the neural substrates of reward-related decision making with functional MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(4), 1377–1382 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Deppe, M., Schwindt, W., Krämer, J., Kugel, H., Plassmann, H., Kenning, P., Ringelstein, E.B.: Evidence for a Neural Correlate of a Framing Effect Bias-Specific Activity in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During Credibility Judgments. Brain Research Bulletin 67, 413–421 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Berns, G.S., Sejnowski, T.J.: How the Basal Ganglia Make Decisions. In: Damasio, A.R., Damasio, H., Crhsiten, Y. (eds.) Neurobiology of Decision-Making, pp. 101–114. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Gold, J.I., Shadlen, M.N.: Banburismus and the Brain: Decoding the Relationship between Sensory, Stimuli, Decisions, and Reward. Neuron 36, 299–308 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Ernst, M., Paulus, M.P.: Neurobiology of Decision Making: a Selective Review from a Neurocognitive and Clinical Perspective. Biology Psychiatry 58(8), 597–604 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Manes, F., Sahakian, B., Clark, L., Rogers, R., Antoun, N., Aitken, M., Robbins, T.: Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex. Brain 125, 624–639 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Leland, D.S., Paulus, M.P.: Increased risk-taking decision making but not altered response to punishment in stimulant using young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 78, 83–90 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Damasio, A.R.: Emotion, Decision Making and the Orbitofrontal Cortex. Cerebral Cortex 10, 295–307 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Velásquez, J.D.: Modeling Emotion-Based Decision-Making. In: Proceedings of the 1998 AAAI Fall Symposium Emotional and Intelligent: The Tangled Knot of Cognition. AAAI Press, Orlando Florida (1998)Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Shall, J.D.: Neural basis of deciding, choosing, and acting. Nature Neuroscience Review 2, 33–42 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Glimcher, P.W.: The neurobiology of visual-saccadic decision making. Annual Review of Neuroscience 26, 133–179 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Shall, J.D.: Decision making: neural correlates of dispatch response time. Current Biology 12, R800–R801 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Smith, P.L., Ratcliff, R.: Psychology and neurobiology of simple decisions. Trends in Neuroscience 27(3), 161–168 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Cochrane, B., Lee, F.J., Chown, E.: Modeling Emotion: Arousal’s Impact on Memory. In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual meeting of the cognitive science society (2006)Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Patel, V.L., Zhang, J., Yoskowitz, N.A., Green, R., Sayan, O.R.: Translational Cognition for Decision Support in Critical Care Environments: A Review. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 41, 413–431 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Patel, V.L., Currie, L.M.: Clinical Cognition and Biomedical Informatics: Issues of Patient Safety. International Journal of Medical Informatics 74, 869–885 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Evans, C.: Clinical Decision Making Theories: Patient Assessment in A&E. Emergency Nurse 13(5), 16–19 (2005)Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Ernst, M., Bolla, K., Mouratidis, M., Contoreggi, C., Matochik, J.A., Kurian, V., Cadet, J.-L., Kimes, A.S., London, E.D.: Decision-making in a risk-taking task: a PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 26(5), 682–691 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Paulus, M.P.: Neurobiology of Decision-Making: Quo vadis? Cognitive Brain Research 23, 2–10 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Svenson, O., Salo, I.: Mental Representations of Important Real-Life Decisions. European Journal of Operational Research 177(3), 1353–1362 (2007)MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Volz, K.G., Schubotz, R.I., von Cramon, D.Y.: Variants of Uncertainty in Decision-Making and Their Neural Correlates. Brain Research Bulletin 67, 403–412 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Platt, M.L.: Neural correlates of decisions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 12, 141–148 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Lee, D., McGreevy, B.P., Barraclough, D.J.: Learning and decision making in monkeys during a rock-paper-scissors game. Cognitive Brain Research 25(2), 416–430 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Pomerol, J.C.: Artificial intelligence and human decision making. European Journal of Operational Research 99, 3–25 (1997)MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Windmann, S., Urbach, T.P., Kutas, M.: Cognitive and neural mechanisms of decision biases in recognition memory. Cerebral Cortex 12, 808–817 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Gutnik, L.A., Hakimzada, A.F., Yoskowitz, N.A., Patel, V.L.: The role of emotion in decision-making: a cognitive neuroeconomic approach to towards understanding sexual risk behavior. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39(6), 720–736 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Baron, J.: Thinking and deciding, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, US (2000)Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Arocha, J.F., Wang, D., Patel, V.L.: Identifying Reasoning Strategies in Medical Decision Making: A Methodological Guide. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 38, 154–171 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Tan, T.Z., Ng, G.S., Quek, C., Razvi, K.: Ovarian cancer diagnosis using complementary learning fuzzy neural network. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 43(3), 207–222 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Hendelman, W.J.: Atlas of functional neuroanatomy. CRC Press, New York (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Frank, M.J., Claus, E.D.: Anatomy of a decision: striato-orbitofrontal interactions in reinforcement learning, decision making and reversal. Psychological Review 113(2), 300–326 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Krawczyk, D.C.: Contributions of the prefrontal cortex to the neural basis of human decision making. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 26, 631–664 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Machens, C.K., Romo, R., Brody, C.D.: Flexible control of mutual inhibition: a neural model of two-interval discrimination. Science 307, 1121–1124 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Froemke, R.C., Merzenich, M.M., Schreiner, C.E.: A synaptic memory trace for cortical receptive field plasticity. Nature 450, 425–429 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Ingram, J.N.: Receptive-field plasticity in human visual cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6(8), 330 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Wächter, T., Lungu, O.V., Liu, T., Willingham, D.T., Ashe, J.: Differential effect on reward and punishment on procedural learning. The Journal of Neuroscience 29(2), 436–443 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Wang, X.-J.: Probabilistic decision making by slow reverberation in cortical circuits. Neuron 36, 955–968 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Romo, R., Salinas, E.: Flutter discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making. Nature Neuroscience Review 4, 203–218 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Savage, L.M., Ramos, R.L.: Reward expectation alters learning and memory: the impact of the amygdale on appetitive-driven behaviors. Behavioral Brain Research 198, 1–12 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Shall, J.D.: Neural correlates of decision processes: neural and mental chronometry. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 13, 182–186 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Hanm, J., Kamber, N.: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Morgan Kanfmann Publishers, San Francisco (2001)Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Tuan Zea Tan
    • 1
  • Geok See Ng
    • 2
  • Chai Quek
    • 3
  1. 1.Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of Singapore, Centre for Life ScienceSingapore
  2. 2.School of Engineering (Electronics)Nanyang PolytechnicSingapore
  3. 3.Centre for Computational IntelligenceNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

Personalised recommendations