Civilization based on metals

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Abstract

Metals are one category of a trio of geological materials on which is based our present industrial civilization. The other two categories are mineral fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas, and nonmetallics (industrial minerals) like stone, sand and gravel, salt or clays. Fuels and nonmetallics (with some exceptions where metallic ore is also a nuclear fuel such as uranium, and where metallic ore has alternative applications as an industrial mineral from which the metal component is not extracted) are not treated in this book as there is voluminous literature that provides this information.

Keywords

Black Shale Metal Source Metal Tonnage Mineral Commodity Industrial Metal 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.West LakesAustralia

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