Colon (Including Ileum) Interposition
Abstract
It is a fact that the native esophagus is the best; there is no better substitute for the native esophagus; no ideal graft. In pediatric surgery efforts are not saved to preserve the native esophagus, but reconstruction is considered in cases of failure. Cases that irreversibly lost their ability to normal oral feeding due to certain esophageal disorders either congenital or acquired are indicated for esophageal replacement. Arguments are still present about the organ used (whole stomach, gastric tube, small bowel, or colon), the route passed from the abdomen to the neck (subcutaneous, retrosternal, transthoracic, or posterior mediastinal), the surgical technique, and the urge to remove the native diseased esophagus. The colon is the most commonly used organ, and experienced centers consider the colon as a good substitute in caustic strictures.
Keywords
Esophageal atresia Tracheoesophageal fistula Colon Colonic interposition Management Perioperative OutcomeReferences
- 1.Arul GS, Parikh D. Oesophageal replacement in children. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2008;90(1):7–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 2.George A, Sinha V. Balloon and Bougie dilatation of benign esophageal strictures. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;57(3):196–8.PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 3.Myers NA. He who cannot take part in the friendly meal is half cut off from the society of man. Aust N Z J Surg. 1997;67(12):888–98.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 4.Thomson W. Notes on gastrostomy in stricture of the oesophagus with report of a successful case by Professor F. Trendelenberg of Rostock. Lancet. 1878;ii:284–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.The 25th Herbert Michael Moran lecture, delivered in 1996 at the annual scientific congress of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.Google Scholar
- 6.Bircher E. Ein Beitrag zur plastischen Bildung eines neuen Oesophagus. Zentralbl Chir. 1907;34:1479–82.Google Scholar
- 7.Myers NA. The history of esophageal surgery: pediatric aspects. Pediatr Surg Int. 1997;12(2–3):101–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Waterston D. The long term clinical state after resection with colon replacement in children. In: Surgery of the esophagus, the coventry conference. London: Butterworths; 1972. P. 35–9.Google Scholar
- 9.Nakayama K, Yazawa C, Sakakibara N, et al. A report on three cases with carcinoma developing after antethoracic reconstructive surgery of the esophagus (by skin graft). Surgery. 1971;69(5):800–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Lundblad O. Uber antethorakale Osophagoplastik. Acta Chir Scand. 1921;53:535–54.Google Scholar
- 11.Sandblom P. Treatment of congenital atresia of the esophagus from a technical point of view. Acta Chir Scand. 1948;97(1):25–34.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 12.Rudler JC, Monod-Broca P. Uncas d’esophagoplastie palliative retro-sternale avec I’ileocolon droit. Mem Acad Chir (Paris). 1951;77:747–9.Google Scholar
- 13.Dale WA, Sherman CD. Late reconstruction of congenital esophageal atresia by intrathoracic colon transplantation. J Thorac Surg. 1955;29(4):344–56.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 14.Battersby JS, Moore TC. Esophageal replacement and bypass with the ascending and right half of transverse colon for the treatment of congenital atresia of the esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1959;109(2):207–15.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 15.Sherman Jr CD, Waterston D. Oesophageal reconstruction in children using intrathoracic colon. Arch Dis Child. 1957;32(161):11–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 16.Waterston D. Replacement of oesophagus with transverse colon. Thoraxchir Vask Chir. 1963;11:73–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 17.Belsey R. Reconstruction of the esophagus with left colon. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1965;49:33–55.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 18.Othersen Jr HB, Clatworthy Jr HW. Functional evaluation of esophageal replacement in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1967;53(1):55–63.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 19.Rodgers BM, Ryckman FC, Talbert JL. Blunt transhiatal esophagectomy with simultaneous substernal colon replacement for esophageal caustic strictures in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1981;16(2):184–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 20.Freeman NV, Cass DT. Colon interposition: a modification of the Waterston technique using the normal esophageal route. J Pediatr Surg. 1982;17(1):17–21.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 21.Riffat F, Cheng A. Pediatric caustic ingestion: 50 consecutive cases and a review of the literature. Dis Esophagus. 2009;22(1):89–94.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 22.Poddar U, Thapa BR. Benign esophageal strictures in infants and children: results of Savary-Gilliard bougie dilation in 107 Indian children. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54(4):480–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 23.De Jong AL, Macdonald R, Ein S, et al. Corrosive esophagitis in children: a 30-year review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;57(3):203–11.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 24.Huang Y, Ni Y, Lai H, et al. Corrosive esophagitis in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20(3):207–10.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 25.Repici A, Conio M, Angelis CD, et al. Temporary placement of an expandable polyester silicone-covered stent for treatment of refractory benign esophageal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60(4):513–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 26.Hamza AF, Abdelhay S, Sherif H, et al. Caustic esophageal strictures in children: 30 years’ experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38(6):828–33.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 27.Esteves E, Sousa-Filho HB, Watanabe S, et al. Laparoscopically assisted esophagectomy and colon interposition for esophageal replacement in children: preliminary results of a novel technique. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(5):1053–60.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 28.Canty Sr TG, Lo Sasso BE. One-stage esophagectomy and in situ colon interposition for esophageal replacement in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32(2):334–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 29.Khan AR, Stiff G, Mohammed AR, et al. Esophageal replacement with colon in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 1998;13(2–3):79–83.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 30.Appignani A, Lauro V, Prestipino M, et al. Intestinal bypass of the oesophagus: 117 patients in 28 years. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000;16(5–6):326–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 31.Bassiouny IE, Al-Ramadan SA, Al-Nady A. Long-term functional results of transhiatal oesophagectomy and colonic interposition for caustic oesophageal stricture. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002;12(4):243–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 32.Tannuri U, Maksoud-Filho JG, Tannuri ACA, et al. Which is better for esophageal substitution in children, esophagocoloplasty or gastric transposition? A 27-year experience of a single center. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42(3):500–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 33.Tannuri U, Filho JGM, Maksoud JG. Esophagocoloplasty in children: surgical technique, with emphasis on the double blood supply to the interposed colon, and results. J Pediatr Surg. 1994;29(11):1434–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 34.Hamza AF. Colonic replacement in cases of esophageal atresia. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009;18(1):40–3.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 35.Maguire D, Collins C, O’Sullivan GC. How I do it – replacement of the oesophagus with colon interposition graft based on the inferior mesenteric vascular system. EJSO. 2001;27(3):314–5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 36.Jones EL, Skinner DB, Demeester TR, et al. Response of the interposed human colonic segment to an acid challenge. Ann Surg. 1973;177(1):75–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 37.Bothereau H, Munoz-Bongrand N, Lambert B, et al. Esophageal reconstruction after caustic injury: is there still a place for right coloplasty? Am J Surg. 2007;193(6):660–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 38.Lindahl H, Louhimo I, Virkolal K. Colon interposition or gastric tube? Follow-up study of colon-esophagus and gastric tube-esophagus patients. J Pediatr Surg. 1983;18(1):58–63.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 39.Altorjay A, Kiss J, Vörös A, et al. Malignant tumor developed in colon-esophagus. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 1995;42(6):797–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 40.Houghton AD, Jourdan M, McColl I. Dukes A carcinoma after colonic interposition for oesophageal stricture. Gut. 1989;30(6):880–1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 41.Martin MA, Ferrás A. Colon cancer: a rare complication in a colonic esophageal segment after coloesophagoplasty. Circ Esp. 2005;77(1):46–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 42.Nishihara T, Oe H, Sugawara K, et al. Esophageal reconstruction: reconstruction of the thoracic esophagus with jejunal pedicled segments for cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 1995;8:30–9.Google Scholar
- 43.Dantas RO, Mamede RCM. Motility of the transverse colon used for esophageal replacement. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002;34(3):225–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 44.Clark J, Moraldi A, Moossa AR, et al. Functional evaluation of the interposed colon as an esophageal substitute. Ann Surg. 1976;183(2):93–100.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 45.De Meester TR, Johansson KE, Franze I, et al. Indications, surgical technique and long-term functional results of colon interposition or bypass. Ann Surg. 1988;208(2):460–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 46.Dòmini R, Appignani A, Baccarini E, et al. A case of non-functioning antiperistaltic retrosternal colic conduit replaced in situ and substituted with an isoperistaltic segment of ileum-caecum. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1997;7(5):301–3.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 47.Han MT. Ileocolic replacement of esophagus in children with esophageal stricture. J Pediatr Surg. 1991;26(7):755–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 48.Bax NMA, Van Renterghem KM. Ileal pedicle grafting for esophageal replacement in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21(5):369–72.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 49.Sonneland J, Anson BJ, Beaton LE. Surgical anatomy of the arterial supply to the colon from the superior mesenteric artery based upon a study of 600 specimens. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1958;106(4):385–98.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 50.Michels NA, Siddharth P, Kornblith PL, et al. The variant blood supply to the small and large intestines: its import in regional resections. A new anatomic study based on four hundred dissections with a complete review of the literature. J Int Coll Surg. 1963;39:127–70.Google Scholar
- 51.Valman HB, Roberts PD. Vitamin B12 absorption after resection of ileum in childhood. Arch Dis Child. 1974;49(12):932–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 52.Folaranmi S, Rakoczy G, Bruce J, et al. Ileocaecal valve: how important is it? Pediatr Surg Int. 2011;27(6):613–5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar