Principles of Examination of the Deep Veins in the Critically Ill

Second Application, Deep Venous Thrombosis in the Critically Ill: the BLUE Protocol, Venous Part
Chapter

Abstract

Deep venous thrombosis in the critically ill patient is not the classical deep venous thrombosis seen in the emergency room or in chronic valvular insufficiency. The logic of the approach is completely opposed. We suspect that this field has not been fully exploited by the experts, in the same way the same experts proclaimed lung ultrasound unfeasible (see Chaps. 14–23). In the BLUE protocol, the venous approach is possibly the most important step.

Keywords

Venous Thrombosis Internal Jugular Vein Iliac Vein Massive Pulmonary Embolism External Iliac Vein 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

References

  1. 1.
    Vogel P, Laing FC, Jeffrey RB Jr, Wing VW (1987) Deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity: ultrasound evaluation. Radiology 163:747–751PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Haeger K (1969) Problems of acute deep vein thrombosis: the interpretation of signs and symptoms. Angiology 20:219–223PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Kakkar VV (1975) Deep venous thrombosis: detection and prevention. Circulation 51:8–12PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Stein PD, Athanasoulis C, Alavi A, Greenspan RH, Hales CA, Saltzman HA, Vreim CE, Terrin ML, Weg JG (1992) Complications and validity of pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 85:462–468PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Levine MN, Hirsh J, Landefeld S, Raskob G (1992) Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant therapy. Chest 102(Suppl):352S–363SGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Mant M, O’Brien B, Thong KL, Hammond GW, Birtwhistle RV, Grace MG (1977) Haemorragic complications of heparin therapy. Lancet 1(8022):1133–1135PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Hampton AA, Sherertz RJ (1988) Vascular-access infection in hospitalized patients. Surg Clin North Am 68:57–71PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Murphy TP, Cronan JJ (1990) Evaluation of deep venous thrombosis: a prospective evaluation with ultrasound. Radiology 177:543–548PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Mantoni M (1989) Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis by duplex sonography. Acta Radiol 30:575–579PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Ricome JL, Thomas H, Bertrand D, Bouvier AM, Kalck F (1990) Echographie avec ponction pour le diagnostic des thromboses jugulaires sur cathéter. Réan Soins Intens Med Urg 6:532Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Chastre J, Cornud F, Bouchama A, Viau F, Benacerraf R, Gibert C (1982) Thrombosis as a complication of pulmonary-artery catheterization via the internal jugular vein. N Engl J Med 306:278–280PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Yagi K, Kawakami M, Sugimoto T (1988) A clinical study of thrombus formation associated with central venous catheterization. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 89:1943–1949PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Horattas MC, Wright DJ, Fenton AH, Evans DM, Oddi MA, Kamienski RW, Shields EF (1988) Changing concepts of deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: report of a series and review of the literature. Surgery 104:561–567PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Monreal M, Lafoz E, Ruiz J, Valls R, Alastrue A (1991) Upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a prospective study. Chest 99:280–283PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Gooding GAW, Hightower DR, Moore EH, Dillon WP, Lipton MJ (1986) Obstruction of the superior vena cava or subclavian veins: sonographic diagnosis. Radiology 159: 663–665PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Grenier P (1988) Imagerie thoracique de l’adulte. Flammarion, ParisGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Rose SC, Zwiebel JZ, Miller FJ (1994) Distribution of acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients: imaging implications. J Ultrasound Med 13:243–250PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Markel A, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE (1992) Pattern and distribution of thrombi in acute venous thrombosis. Arch Surg 127:305–309PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Yucel EK, Fisher JS, Egglin TK, Geller SC, Waltman AC (1991) Isolated calf venous thrombosis: diagnosis with compression ultrasound. Radiology 179:443–446PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Alpert JS, Smith R, Carlson J, Ockene IS, Dexter L, Dalen JE (1976) Mortality in patients treated for pulmonary embolism. JAMA 236:1477–1480PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Moser KM, LeMoine JR (1981) Is embolic risk conditioned by location of deep venous thrombosis? Ann Intern Med 94:439–444PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Appelman PT, De Jong TE, Lampmann LE (1987) Deep venous thrombosis of the leg: ultrasound findings. Radiology 163:743–746PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Cronan JJ, Dorfman GS, Grusmark J (1988) Lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis: further experience with and refinements of ultrasound assessment. Radiology 168:101–107PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Meibers DJ, Baldridge ED, Ruoff BA, Karkow WS, Cranley JJ (1988) The significance of calf muscle venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 12:143–149Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    Philbrick JT, Becker DM (1988) Calf deep venous thrombosis: a wolf in sheep’s clothing? Arch Intern Med 148:2131–2138PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Browse NL, Thomas ML (1974) Source of non-lethal pulmonary emboli. Lancet 1(7851):258–259PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    De Weese JA (1978) Ilio-femoral venous thrombectomy. In: Bergan JJ, Yao ST (eds) Venous problems. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 423–433Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Mavor GE, Galloway JMD (1969) Iliofemoral venous thrombosis: pathological considerations and surgical management. Br J Surg 56:45–59PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Couson F, Bounameaux C, Didier D, Geiser D, Meyerovitz MF, Schmitt HE, Schneider PA (1993) Influence of variability of interpretation of contrast venography for screening of postoperative deep venous thrombosis on the results of the thromboprophylactic study. Thromb Haemost 70:573–575PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Cronan JJ (1993) Venous thromboembolic disease: the role of ultrasound, state of the art. Radiology 186:619–630PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Hull RD, Hirsh J, Carter CJ, Jay RM, Dodd PE, Ockelford PA, Coates G, Gill GJ, Turpie AG, Doyle DJ, Buller HR, Raskob GE (1983) Pulmonary angiography, ventilation lung scanning and venography for clinically suspected pulmonary embolism with abnormal perfusion lung scan. Ann Intern Med 98:891–899PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Lensing AW, Prandoni P, Brandjes D, Huisman PM, Vigo M, Tomasella G, Krekt J, Wouter Ten Cate J, Huisman MV, Büller HR (1989) Detection of deep-vein thrombosis by real-time B-mode ultrasonography. N Engl J Med 320:342–345PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Service de Réanimation MédicaleBoulogne (Paris-Ouest)France

Personalised recommendations