Advertisement

High Pressure Solution Growth of Gallium Nitride

  • Michal BoćkowskiEmail author
  • Pawel Strąk
  • Izabella Grzegory
  • Sylwester Porowski
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Springer Series in Materials Science book series (SSMATERIALS, volume 133)

Abstract

State-of-the-art high pressure solution (HPS) growth of gallium nitride is presented in this chapter. The spontaneous crystallization and seeded growth are described in detail from the technological point of view. Two classes of pressure-grown crystals and their use as substrates for blue laser diodes (LDs) are demonstrated.

Keywords

Liquid Phase Epitaxy Gallium Nitride Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy Liquid Gallium Spontaneous Crystallization 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    W. Utsumi, H. Saitoh, H. Kaneko, T. Watanuki, K. Aoki, O. Shimomura, Nat. Mater. 2, 735 (2003)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    J.A. Van Vechten Phys. Rev. B7, 1479 (1973)Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    D. Elwell, H.J. Scheel, Crystal Growth from High-Temperature Solutions (Academic, London, 1975)Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    J. Karpinski, J. Jun, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 66, 1 (1984)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    S. Porowski, I. Grzegory, J. Cryst. Growth 178, 174 (1997)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Grant No 1270/C T08–7/95 of the Polish Committee for Scientific Research (1995)Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    I. Grzegory, M. Bockowski, S. Krukowski, B. Lucznik, M. Wroblewski, J.L. Weyher, M. Leszczynski, P. Prystawko, R. Czernecki, J. Lehnert, G. Nowak, P. Perlin, H. Teisseyre, W. Purgal, W. Krupczynski, T. Suski, L.H. Dmowski, E. Litwin-Staszewska, C. Skierbiszewski, S. Lepkowski, S. Porowski, Acta Phys. Pol. A 100, 229 (2001)Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    C. Skierbiszewski, Z.R. Wasilewski, M. Siekacz, A. Feduniewicz, P. Perlin, P. Wisniewski, J. Borysiuk, I. Grzegory, M. Leszczynski, T. Suski, S. Porowski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(1), 11114 (2005)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Grant No 2700/C.T11–8/2000 of the Polish Committee for Scientific Research (2000)Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    I. Grzegory, M. Bockowsk, B. Lucznik, S. Krukowski, Z. Romanowski, M. Wroblewski, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 246, 177 (2002)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    S. Krukowski, Z. Romanowski, I. Grzegory, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 189/190, 159 (1999)Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    S. Krukowski, M. Bockowski, B. Łucznik, I. Grzegory, S. Porowski, T. Suski, Z. Romanowski, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 13, 8881 (2001)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    M. Boćkowski, I. Grzegory, S. Krukowski, B. Łucznik, Z. Romanowski, M. Wróblewski, J. Borysiuk, J. Weyher, P. Hageman, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 246, 194 (2002)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Z. Liliental-Weber, EMIS Datareview Series No23, vol. 230 (INSPEC, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 1999)Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    J.L. Rouviere, J.L. Weyher, M. Seelmann-Eggebert, S. Porowski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 668 (1998)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    M. Seelmann-Eggebert, J.L. Weyher, H. Obloh, H. Zimmermann, A. Rar, S. Porowski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 18 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    M. Bockowski, I. Grzegory, G. Kamler, B. Łucznik, S. Krukowski, M. Wróblewski, P. Kwiatkowski, K. Jasik, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 305, 414 (2007)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    P. Perlin, J. Camassel, W. Knap, T. Talercio, J.C. Chervin, T. Suski, I. Grzegory, S. Porowski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 2524 (1995)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    E. Litwin-Staszewska, T. Suski, R. Piotrzkowski, I. Grzegory, M. Bockowski, J.L. Robert, L. Konczewicz, D. Wasik, E. Kaminska, D. Cote, B. Clerjaud, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 7960 (2001)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    K. Saarinen, T. Laine, S. Kuisma, P. Hautojarvi, L. Dobrzyński, J.M. Baranowski, K. Pakuła, R. Stępniewski, M. Wojdak, A. Wysmołek, T. Suski, M. Leszczyński, I. Grzegory, S. Porowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3030 (1997)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    J. Neugebauer, C.G. Van de Walle, Phys. Rev. B 50, 8067 (1994)Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    M. Leszczynski, I. Grzegory, H. Teisseyre, T. Suski, M. Bockowski, J. Jun, J.M. Baranowski, S. Porowski, J. Domagala, J. Cryst. Growth 169, 235 (1996)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    S.H. Christiansen, M. Albrecht, H.P. Strunk, C.T. Foxon, D. Korakakis, I. Grzegory, S. Porowski, Phys. Stat. Sol. (A) 176(1), 285 (1999)Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    J.L. Weyher, P.D. Brown, J-L. Rouviere, T. Wosinski, A.R. Zauner, I. Grzegory, J. Cryst. Growth 210, 151 (2000)Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    I. Grzegory, M. Bockowski, S. Porowski, in Bulk Crystal Growth of Electronic, Optical and Optoelectronic Materials, ed. by P. Capper (Wiley, Chichester, 2005), p. 173Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    M. Bockowski, I. Grzegory, S. Krukowski, B. Lucznik, M. Wróblewski, G. Kamler, J. Borysiuk, P. Kwiatkowski, K. Jasik, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 274, 55 (2005)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    M. Bockowski, P. Stak, P. Kempisty, I. Grzegory, S. Krukowski, B. Lucznik, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 307, 259 (2007)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    M. Boćkowski, I. Grzegory, S. Krukowski, B. Łucznik, M. Wróblewski, G. Kamler, J. Borysiuk, P. Kwiatkowski, K. Jasik, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 270, 409 (2004)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    S. Hussy, E. Meissner, P. Berwian, J. Friedrich, G. Müller, J. Crystal Growth 310, 738 (2008)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Fidap 7.0 User Manual, 1984–1993 Fluid Dynamic International, Inc. Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    S. Krukowski, I. Grzegory, M. Bockowski, B. Lucznik, T. Suski, G. Nowak, J. Borysiuk, M. Wróblewski, M. Leszczynski, P. Perlin, S. Porowski, J.L. Weyher, Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. 22, 226 (2005)Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    Material Property Data http://www.matweb.com
  33. 33.
    International Nuclear Safety Center http://www.insc.anl.gov/matprop/graphite/
  34. 34.
    J.C. Nipko, C-K. Loong, C.M. Balkas, R.F. Davis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 34 (1998)Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    A. Jezowski, P. Stachowiak, T. Plackowski, T. Suski, S. Krukowski, M. Bockowski, I. Grzegory, B. Danilchenko, T. Paszkiewicz, Phys. Stat. Sol. (B)240(2), 447 (2003)Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    M. Bockowski, P. Stak, P. Kempisty, I. Grzegory, B. Lucznik, S. Krukowski, S. Porowski, Phys. Stat. Sol. (C) 6, 1539 (2008)Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    M. Bockowski, P. Strak, I. Grzegory, B. Lucznik, S. Porowski, J. Cryst. Growth 310, 3924 (2008)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    M. Krysko, M. Sarzynski, J. Domagala, I. Grzegory, B. Lucznik, G. Kamler, S. Porowski, M. Leszczyński, J. Alloys Comp. 401, 261 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    L. Marona, P. Wisniewski, P. Prystawko, I. Grzegory, T. Suski, S. Porowski, P. Perlin, R. Czernecki, M. Leszczyński, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(20), 201111 (2006)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    C. Skierbiszewski, P. Wisniewski, M. Siekacz, P. Perlin, A. Feduniewicz-Zmuda, G. Nowak, I. Grzegory, M. Leszczynski, S. Porowski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(22), 221108 (2006)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    P. Perlin, M. Leszczynski, P. Prystawko, M. Bockowski, I. Grzegory, C. Skierbiszewski, T. Suski, in III-Nitride Devices and Nanoengineering, ed. by Zhe Chuan Feng (World Scientific, China, 2008), p. 240Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    M. Morishita, F. Kawamura, M. Kawahara, M. Yoshimura, Y. Mori, T. Sasaki, J. Cryst. Growth 284, 91 (2005)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Michal Boćkowski
    • 1
    Email author
  • Pawel Strąk
    • 2
  • Izabella Grzegory
    • 1
  • Sylwester Porowski
    • 2
  1. 1.Institute of High Pressure PhysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
  2. 2.Institute of High Pressure PhysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options