Capillary Waveguide Biosensor Platform

Chapter
Part of the Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors book series (SSSENSORS, volume 8)

Abstract

The design and characterization of a fully automated and portable capillary waveguide biosensor are discussed in this chapter. Highly specific target recognition is achieved through hybridization of fluid-borne single-stranded DNA sequences extracted from natural targets to the complimentary nucleic acid sequence (“capture probe”) bound to the inner surface of a capillary. The product of hybridization is enumerated through the use of fluorescent labeling. A novel instantaneous normalization scheme based on two photodetectors, together with the use of a standard reference material, enables independent measurements by the instrument. The probability of false-positive target detection is quantified through the development of a target detection error rate. The instrument exhibits low detection limits (~10−13 M) and repeatability of 6%. The sensor can be rearmed through a denaturing step allowing for sequential detection over an extended time period.

Keywords

Biosensor Capillary waveguide Hollow fibers Nucleic acid detection Hybridization 

Abbreviations

CWBP

Capillary waveguide biosensor platform

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

MMF

Multimode fiber

NA

Numerical aperture

PMT

Photomultiplier tube

SMF

Singlemode fiber

SNR

Signal to noise ratio

TDER

Target detection error rate

Symbols

Av

Avogadro’s number

(r,θ,z)

Cylindrical coordinates

(x,y,z)

Cartesian coordinates

c

Concentration

Ee, t

Events

Γem, ex, nd, hnp, bp

Transmission coefficient

Hnd, hnp, bp

Transfer functions

k

Propagation vector

L

Capillary length

mdet, em, ex

Photon count

MPM, TM

Number of molecules

n0, 1, 2, 3

Refractive index

NS, B

Normalized count

p

Probability

Pclad, core, tot

Optical power

q

Mode number

Q

Number of waveguide modes

r1, 2, 3, 4, p

Radius

Rd

Ratio of capillary outer to inner diameter

T

Time interval

V

Normalized frequency of a waveguide

Vsen

Sensing volume

WM

Molecular weight

α

Attenuation coefficient

βq

Propagation coefficient

δy

Coating layer thickness

ε

Molar extinction

Φ0, ex, em

Photon flux

ηem, ex, col, mol, bk, L, H

Efficiency

κ

Extinction ratio

λo, ex, em

Wavelength

ν

Frequency

θ0,1,2,3,1c

Angle

σS, n, B

Standard deviation

τH

Hybridization time

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringStony Brook UniversityStony BrookUSA

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