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Molecular Mechanisms of Salmonella Virulence and Host Resistance

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Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 337))

Abstract

Salmonella species can cause typhoid fever and gastroenteritis in humans and pose a global threat to human health. In order to establish a successful infection, Salmonella utilize a large number of genes encoding a variety of virulence factors. Different animal models of infection have been used to better understand the mechanisms underlying each disease including cattle, rodents, and nematodes. To date, a number of different bacterial virulence factors have been identified using such animal models, most of which are secreted by two type three secretion systems (T3SS) encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) 1 and 2. These proteins alter various host cell pathways, facilitating the invasion of epithelial cells during infection, as well as the survival and replication of Salmonella inside phagocytic cells. On the other hand, host genetics and resistance also play a role in the susceptibility to Salmonella infection. The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1), for example, is critical for host defense, since mice lacking Nramp1 fail to control bacterial replication and succumb to low doses of S. Typhimurium. In this chapter, we analyze the different pathogen and host factors that play a role in the dynamic interaction between Salmonella and its host and their impact on disease.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen presenting cell

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

DC:

Dendritic cell

GALT:

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

IFN-γ:

Interferon-γ

IL (e.g. IL-1):

Interleukin

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

IκBα:

Inhibitory protein κ-B α

Lamp1:

Lysosome-associated membrane protein

LM:

Lamina propria

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

M Cell:

Microfold cell

M6PR:

Mannose-6-phosphate receptor

MAPK:

MAP kinase

MHC-II:

Major histocompatibility complex II

MLN:

Mesenteric lymph node

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κB

Nramp1:

Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1

PAMP:

Pathogen associated molecular pattern

phox:

Phagocyte oxidase

PMN:

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

PP:

Peyer’s patches

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

S. Enterica:

Salmonella enterica

S. Paratyphi:

Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi

S. Typhi:

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

S. Dublin:

Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin

S. Enteritidis:

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium:

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

SCL11A1:

Solute carrier family of multimembrane spanning protein 11

SCV:

Salmonella-containing vacuole

SPI:

Salmonella pathogenicity island

T3SS:

Type three (III) secretion system

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

WT:

Wild-type

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Kelly M. McNagny and members of the Finlay lab for critical comments on the manuscript. BBF is an HHMI International Research Scholar and the UBC Peter Wall Distinguished Professor. These studies were funded by operating grants from the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR), Canadian Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, and Genome Canada to B.B.F. R.B.R.F. is funded by a CIHR Industrial Fellowship.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4

    Yanet Valdez, Rosana B. R. Ferreira & B. Brett Finlay

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  1. Yanet Valdez
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  1. Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai 1, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    Chihiro Sasakawa

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Valdez, Y., Ferreira, R.B.R., Finlay, B.B. (2009). Molecular Mechanisms of Salmonella Virulence and Host Resistance. In: Sasakawa, C. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 337. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01846-6_4

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