Lipoproteins

  • Martin Hersberger
  • Lucia Rohrer
  • Arnold von Eckardstein
Chapter

Abstract

Lipoproteins function as vehicles to transport the non-water-soluble lipids in blood as complexes of lipids and proteins. The lipid moiety consists mainly of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. The protein moiety consists mainly of apolipoproteins, which act as detergents. In addition several enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, receptors and transporters contribute to the metabolism of lipoproteins. Monogenic dyslipoproteinemias can generally be grouped into five categories: (1) severe hypertriglyceridemia with an isolated increase in chylomicrons and/or VLDL and an increased risk of pancreatitis and fatty liver disease, (2) mixed hyperlipidemia with an increase in chylomicron and VLDL remnants and an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, (3) hypercholesterolemia with an increase in LDL and an increased risk for premature atherosclerosis, (4) hypoalphalipoproteinemia with low HDL and an increased risk for premature atherosclerosis and, depending on the molecular defect, corneal opacities, hepatosplenomegaly, renal failure or peripheral neuropathy, and (5) hypolipoproteinemia with a severe decrease in VLDL and LDL and an increased risk of retinal or neurological disease and fatty liver. Thus, the class of lipoproteins that is increased or decreased has a strong impact on the clinical presentation and prognosis of a patient. We describe methods used for a closer biochemical or cell biological classification of the phenotype and for the determination of the responsible genetic alterations leading to the various monogenic dyslipoproteinemias.

Keywords

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Familial Hypercholesterolemia Familial Hypercholesterolemia Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Cholesteryl Oleate 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • Martin Hersberger
    • 1
  • Lucia Rohrer
    • 2
  • Arnold von Eckardstein
    • 2
  1. 1.Division of Clinical Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity Children’s Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
  2. 2.Institute of Clinical ChemistryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland

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