Schizophrenie und Schlaf

  • Sören Krach
  • Michael Grözinger
Chapter

Auszug

Neuropsychologie beschäftigt sich überwiegend mit dem wachen Menschen. Allerdings ist das Gehirn auch im Schlaf aktiv. Deshalb soll hier über den Zusammenhang zwischen Schlaf und kognitiven Prozessen referiert werden. Alle derzeit vorliegenden Erkenntnisse stützen einhellig die Hypothese, dass Schlaf nicht mit passiver Regeneration gleichgesetzt werden darf, sondern ein aktiver, zur Wachheit komplementärer Zustand des Gehirns ist. Das naive Modell eines abgeschalteten biologischen Computers wird unserer Nachtruhe in keiner Weise gerecht. Dies trifft auch für die Energieeinsparung zu, die im Schlaf weitaus geringer ist, als üblicherweise angenommen wird.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Atienza M, Cantero JL, Escera C (2001) Auditory information processing during human sleep as revealed by event-related brain potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 112(11): 2031–2045PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Atienza M, Cantero JL, Dominguez-Marin E (2002) Mismatch negativity (MMN): an objective measure of sensory memory and long-lasting memories during sleep. Int J Psychophysiol 46(3): 215–225PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Benca RM, Obermeyer WH, Thisted RA, Gillin JC (1992) Sleep and psychiatric disorders. A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(8): 651–668; discussion 669–670PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Blagrove M, Blakemore SJ, Thayer BR (2006) The ability to self-tickle following Rapid Eye Movement sleep dreaming. Conscious Cogn 15(2): 285–294PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Blakemore SJ, Wolpert DM, Frith CD (1998) Central cancellation of selfproduced tickle sensation. Nat Neurosci 1(7): 635–640PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Blakemore SJ, Wolpert D, Frith C (2000) Why can’t you tickle yourself? Neuroreport, 11(11): R11–16PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Borbely AA (2001) From slow waves to sleep homeostasis: new perspectives. Arch Ital Biol 139(1–2): 53–61PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Born J, Rasch B, Gais S (2006) Sleep to remember. Neuroscientist 12(5): 410–424PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Braun AR, Balkin TJ, Wesenten NJ et al. (1997) Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study. Brain 120 (Pt 7): 1173–1197PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Buzsaki G (1996) The hippocampo-neocortical dialogue. Cereb Cortex 6(2): 81–92PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Buzsaki G (1998) Memory consolidation during sleep: a neurophysiological perspective. J Sleep Res 7(Suppl 1): 17–23PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Carskadon MA, Dement WC (2005) Normal human sleep: an overview. In Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds) Principles and practice of sleep medicine. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 16–25Google Scholar
  13. Chouinard S, Poulin J, Stip E, Godbout R (2004) Sleep in untreated patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 30(4): 957–967PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Coenen AM (1995) Neuronal activities underlying the electroencephalogram and evoked potentials of sleeping and waking: implications for information processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 19(3): 447–463PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Dang-Vu TT, Desseilles M, Laureys S et al. (2005) Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non-REM sleep revisited. Neuroimage 28(1): 14–21PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Dencker SJ, Malm U, Lepp M (1986) Schizophrenic relapse after drug withdrawal is predictable. Acta Psychiatr Scand 73(2): 181–185PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Dinges DF (1990) Are you awake? Cognitive performance and reverie during hypnopompic state. In Bootzin R, Kihlstrom J, Schacter D (eds) Sleep and cognition. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 159–178CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Dzirasa K, Ribeiro S, Costa R et al. (2006) Dopaminergic control of sleepwake states. J Neurosci 26(41): 10577–10589PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Feinberg I, Koresko RL, Gottlieb F (1965) Further observations on electrophysiological sleep patterns in schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 58, 21–24PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Feinberg I, Braun M, Koresko RL, Gottlieb F (1969) Stage 4 sleep in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 21(3): 262–266PubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Ganguli R, Reynolds CF 3rd, Kupfer DJ (1987) Electroencephalographic sleep in young, never-medicated schizophrenics. A comparison with delusional and nondelusional depressives and with healthy controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44(1): 36–44PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Goder R, Boigs M, Braun S et al. (2004) Impairment of visuospatial memory is associated with decreased slow wave sleep in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 38(6): 591–599PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Hiatt JF, Floyd TC, Katz PH, Feinberg I (1985) Further evidence of abnormal non-rapid-eye-movement sleep in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42(8): 797–802PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Hobson JA, Pace-Schott EF (2002) The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: neuronal systems, consciousness and learning. Nat Rev Neurosci 3(9): 679–693PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Hobson JA, Pace-Schott EF, Stickgold R, Kahn D (1998a) To dream or not to dream? Relevant data from new neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies. Curr Opin Neurobiol 8(2): 239–244PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Hobson JA, Stickgold R, Pace-Schott EF (1998b) The neuropsychology of REM sleep dreaming. Neuroreport 9(3): R1–14PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Hoyt BD (2005) Sleep in patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Prim Care 32(2): 535–548PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Keshavan MS, Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ (1990) Electroencephalographic sleep in schizophrenia: a critical review. Compr Psychiatry 31(1): 34–47PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Keshavan MS, Miewald J, Haas G, Sweeney J, Ganguli R, Reynolds CF (1995) Slow-wave sleep and symptomatology in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. J Psychiatr Res 29(4): 303–314PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Keshavan MS, Reynolds CF 3rd, Miewald JM, Montrose DM (1996) A longitudinal study of EEG sleep in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 59(3): 203–211PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Keshavan MS, Cashmere JD, Miewald J, Yeragani VK (2004a) Decreased nonlinear complexity and chaos during sleep in first episode schizophrenia: a preliminary report. Schizophr Res 71(2–3): 263–272PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Keshavan MS, Diwadkar VA, Montrose DM, Stanley JA, Pettegrew JW (2004b) Premorbid characterization in schizophrenia: the Pittsburgh High Risk Study. World Psychiatry 3(3): 163–168PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Kraepelin E (1910) Über Sprachstörungen im Traume. In Kraepelin E (Hrsg) Psychologische Arbeiten V. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp 1–104Google Scholar
  34. Kupfer DJ, Wyatt RJ, Scott J, Snyder F (1970) Sleep disturbance in acute schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 126(9): 1213–1223PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Pollmacher T, Holsboer F, Krieg JC (1997) Sleep in schizophrenia: a polysomnographic study on drug-naive patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 16(1): 51–60PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Lee AK, Wilson MA (2002) Memory of sequential experience in the hippocampus during slow wave sleep. Neuron 36(6): 1183–1194PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Louie K, Wilson MA (2001) Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Neuron 29(1): 145–156PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Lovblad KO, Thomas R, Jakob PM et al. (1999) Silent functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates focal activation in rapid eye movement sleep. Neurology 53(9): 2193–2195PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Maixner S, Tandon R, Eiser A, Taylor S, DeQuardo JR, Shipley J (1998) Effects of antipsychotic treatment on polysomnographic measures in schizophrenia: a replication and extension. Am J Psychiatry 155(11): 1600–1602PubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Maquet P (2000) Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography. J Sleep Res 9(3): 207–231PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Maquet P, Franck G (1997) REM sleep and amygdala. Mol Psychiatry 2(3): 195–196PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Maquet P, Peters J, Aerts J et al. (1996) Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature 383(6596): 163–166PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Maquet P, Peigneux P, Laureys S et al. (2003) Memory processing during human sleep as assessed by functional neuroimaging. Rev Neurol (Paris) 159(11 Suppl): 6S27–29PubMedGoogle Scholar
  44. Mograss M, Godbout R, Guillem F (2006) The ERP old-new effect: a useful indicator in studying the effects of sleep on memory retrieval processes. Sleep 29(11): 1491–1500PubMedGoogle Scholar
  45. Monti JM, Monti D (2005) Sleep disturbance in schizophrenia. Int Rev Psychiatry 17(4): 247–253PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Neylan TC, van Kammen DP, Kelley ME, Peters JL (1992) Sleep in schizophrenic patients on and off haloperidol therapy. Clinically stable vs relapsed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(8): 643–649PubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. Nofzinger EA (2005) Neuroimaging and sleep medicine. Sleep Med Rev 9(3): 157–172PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Orzack MH, Hartmann EL, Kornetsky C (1977) The relationship between attention and slow-wave sleep in chronic schizophrenia [proceedings]. Psychopharmacol Bull 13(2): 59–61PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. Payne JD, Nadel L (2006) Sleep, dreams, and memory consolidation: the role of the stress hormone cortisol. Learning & Memory 11: 671–678CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Poulin J, Daoust AM, Forest G, Stip E, Godbout R (2003) Sleep architecture and its clinical correlates in first episode and neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 62(1–2): 147–153PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A (1968) A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Government Printing Office, Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
  52. Rogers AS, Spencer MB, Stone BM, Nicholson AN (1989) The influence of a 1 h nap on performance overnight. Ergonomics 32(10): 1193–1205PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Roschke J, Aldenhoff JB (1993) Estimation of the dimensionality of sleep-EEG data in schizophrenics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 242(4): 191–196PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Roschke J, Mann K, Fell J (1994) Nonlinear EEG dynamics during sleep in depression and schizophrenia. Int J Neurosci 75(3–4): 271–284PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Roschke J, Fell J, Beckmann P (1995a) Nonlinear analysis of sleep EEG data in schizophrenia: calculation of the principal Lyapunov exponent. Psychiatry Res 56(3): 257–269PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Roschke J, Mann K, Riemann D, Frank C, Fell J (1995b) Sequential analysis of the brain’s transfer properties during consecutive REM episodes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 96(5): 390–397PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Roschke J, Wagner P, Mann K, Prentice-Cuntz T, Frank C (1998) An analysis of the brain’s transfer properties in schizophrenia: amplitude frequency characteristics and evoked potentials during sleep. Biol Psychiatry 43(7): 503–510PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Sallinen M, Harma M, Akerstedt T, Rosa R, Lillqvist O (1998) Promoting alertness with a short nap during a night shift. J Sleep Res 7(4): 240–247PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Sirota A, Csicsvari J, Buhl D, Buzsaki G (2003) Communication between neocortex and hippocampus during sleep in rodents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(4): 2065–2069PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Snyder SH (1972) Catecholamines in the brain as mediators of amphetamine psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 27(2): 169–179PubMedGoogle Scholar
  61. Solms M (2000) Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms. Behav Brain Sci 23(6): 843–850; discussion 904–1121PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Spitzer M (1993) Assoziative Netzwerke, formale Denkstörungen und Schizophrenie. Nervenarzt 64: 147–159PubMedGoogle Scholar
  63. Spitzer M, Braun U, Hermle L, Maier S (1993a) Associative semantic network dysfunction in thought-disordered schizophrenic patients: direct evidence from indirect semantic priming. Biol Psychiatry, 34(12): 864–877PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. Spitzer M, Braun U, Maier S, Hermle L, Maher BA (1993b) Indirect semantic priming in schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 11(1): 71–80PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. Stickgold R, Scott L, Rittenhouse C, Hobson JA (1999) Sleep-induced changes in associative memory. J Cogn Neurosci 11(2): 182–193PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. Tandon R, Shipley JE, Taylor S et al. (1992) Electroencephalographic sleep abnormalities in schizophrenia. Relationship to positive/negative symptoms and prior neuroleptic treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(3): 185–194PubMedGoogle Scholar
  67. Tassi P, Muzet A (2000) Sleep inertia. Sleep Med Rev 4(4): 341–353PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. Wisor JP, Eriksson KS (2005) Dopaminergic-adrenergic interactions in the wake promoting mechanism of modafinil. Neuroscience 132(4): 1027–1034PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. Yang C, Winkelman JW (2006) Clinical significance of sleep EEG abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 82(2–3): 251–260PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  70. Yaroush R, Sullivan MJ, Ekstrand BR (1971) Effect of sleep on memory. II. Differential effect of the first and second half of the night. J Exp Psychol 88(3): 361–366PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. Zarcone V, Azumi K, Dement W, Gulevich G, Kraemer H, Pivik T (1975) REM phase deprivation and schizophrenia II. Arch Gen Psychiatry 32(11): 1431–1436PubMedGoogle Scholar
  72. Zarcone VP, Benson KL (1997) BPRS symptom factors and sleep variables in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 66(2–3): 111–120PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. Zarcone VP Jr, Benson KL, Berger PA (1987) Abnormal rapid eye movement latencies in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44(1): 45–48PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • Sören Krach
    • 1
  • Michael Grözinger
    • 1
  1. 1.Klinik für Psychiatrie und PsychotherapieUniversiätsklinikums der RWTH AachenAachen

Personalised recommendations