The Continuity of Plastids and the Differentiation of Plastid Populations

  • Th. Butterfass
Chapter
Part of the Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation book series (RESULTS, volume 10)

Abstract

The development of a proplastid into a chloroplast is only one aspect of the development of the photosynthetic system. We have to ask further questions about (1) the continuity of plastids from cell to cell, and (2) how the number of plastids in a cell is regulated. If we accept that proplastids are transmitted from cell to cell and multiply by division, then the central problem of plastid continuity becomes one of how cell divisions and plastid divisions are coordinated. The coordination is so efficient that for hundreds of millions of years all ancestors of our recent plants have received plastids. As to the size of the population of plastids in a cell, the mean number of chloroplasts in a guard cell may be quite different from the mean number in a palisade cell, and indeed, great differences are found in this and in similar comparisons. Thus, the pattern of different plastid numbers reflects the pattern of cell-specificity. The pattern of chloroplast numbers originates from cell-specific differences in the regulation of plastid divisions; these divisions are not coupled to cell divisions, and hence are not essential for the continuity of plastids. They are regulated by a variety of different underlying factors, only some of which can at present be analyzed. To each of these factors a characteristic pattern of its own can be ascribed, viz. a partial pattern or a prepattern (Stern 1954) which contributes to the terminal pattern of chloroplast numbers that is seen by direct counting when the mature state has been reached.

Keywords

Sugar Beet Guard Cell Plastid Division Chloroplast Number Spore Mother Cell 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1980

Authors and Affiliations

  • Th. Butterfass
    • 1
  1. 1.Fachbereich BiologieJohann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversitätFrankfurt/MainGermany

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