Handbook on Ontologies pp 231-250 | Cite as
Ontology Reconciliation
Summary
Ontologies are being applied very successfully in supporting information and knowledge exchange between people and organisations. However, for many reasons, different people and organisations will tend to use different ontologies. Therefore, in order to exchange information and knowledge, either everyone must adopt the same ontology — an unlikely scenario — or it must be possible to reconcile different ontologies. This chapter examines the issues and techniques in the reconciliation of ontologies. First, it examines the reasons why people and organisations will tend to use different ontologies, and why the pervasive adoption of common ontologies is unlikely. It then reviews alternative architectures for multiple-ontology systems on a large scale. A comparative analysis is provided of a number of frameworks which analyse types of mismatches between ontologies. The process of ontology reconciliation is outlined. Finally, some existing software tools that support reconciliation are surveyed, and areas are identified where further work is necessary.
Keywords
Merging Process Source Ontology Alternative Architecture Repertory Grid Technique Common OntologyPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Antoniou, G, Harmelen, Frank van. Web Ontology Language: OWL. This Book.Google Scholar
- 2.Corcho, O, Gómez-Pérez, A (2001) Solving Integration Problems of E-Commerce Standards and Initiatives through Ontological Mappings. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 131–140Google Scholar
- 3.Fensel, D (2000) Ontologies: Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce,Springer-VerlagGoogle Scholar
- 4.Fox, M, Gruninger, M (1998) Enterprise Modelling. AI Magazine, Fall, 109–121Google Scholar
- 5.Gómez-Pérez, A, Moreno, A, Pazos, J, Sierra-Alonso, A (2000) Knowledge Maps: An essential technique for conceptualisation. Data and Knowledge Engineering,33(2), 169190Google Scholar
- 6.Gruber, T R (1993) A Translational Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Acquisition, 5, 199–220CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Hameed, A, Sleeman, D H, Preece, A (2001) Detecting Mismatches in Experts’ Ontologies through Knowledge Elicitation. In Bramer, M, Coenen, F, Preece, A (eds), Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XVIII, Springer-Verlag, pages 9–22Google Scholar
- 8.Hameed, A, Sleeman, D H, Preece, A (2002) OntoManager A Workbench Environment to facilitate Ontology Management and Interoperability. In EON-2002: EKAW-2002 Workshop on Evaluation of Ontology-based Tools Google Scholar
- 9.Huhns, M N, Stephens, L M (1999) Personal Ontologies. IEEE Internet Computing, 3 (2) 85–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Klein, M (2001) Combining and relating ontologies: an analysis of problems and solutions. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 53–62Google Scholar
- 11.Klein, M, Kiryakov, W, Ognyanov, D, Fensel, D (2002) Ontology Versioning and Change Detection on the Web. In 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW02),Sigüenza, SpainGoogle Scholar
- 12.Lenat, D, Guha, R (1990) Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems, Addison Wesley, ReadingGoogle Scholar
- 13.A. Maedche, A, Motik, B, Stojanovic, L, Studer, R, Volz, R (2002) Managing Multiple Ontologies and Ontology Evolution in Ontologging. In Proceedings Conference on Intelligent Information Processing (I1P2002),KluwerGoogle Scholar
- 14.McGuinness, D L, Fikes, R, Rice, J, Wilder, S (2000) An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies. In Cohn, A, Giunchiglia, F, and Selman, B (eds), KR2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, pages 483–493Google Scholar
- 15.Meisel H, Compatangelo, E (2002) EER-CONCEPTOOL: a “Reasonable” Environment for Schema and Ontology Sharing. In Proc. of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI2002), IEEE Computer Society Press, pages 527–534Google Scholar
- 16.Miller, G A (1995) WordNet: a Lexical Database for English. Communications of the ACM, 38 (11), 39–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Mitra, P, Kersten, M. Wiederhold, G (2000) Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation of Ontology Interdependencies. In Proceedings of the 7th Int. Conf. on Extending Database Technology,Springer-VerlagGoogle Scholar
- 18.Noy, N F, Musen, M A (2001) Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for Semantic Matching. In Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing at the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001),Seattle, USAGoogle Scholar
- 19.Noy, N F, Musen, M A (2000) PROMPT: Algorithm and Tool for Automated Ontology Merging and Alignment. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 63–70Google Scholar
- 20.Pinto, H S, Martins, J P (2001) A Methodology for Ontology Integration. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2001),ACM PressGoogle Scholar
- 21.Preece, A, Sleeman, D H, Flett, A N, Curry, D, Meaney, N, Perry, P (2001) Better Knowledge Management through Knowledge Engineering. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 14 (1), 2636Google Scholar
- 22.Rosenfeld, L, Morville, P (2002) Information Architecture for the World Wide Web,OReillyGoogle Scholar
- 23.Shaw, M L G, Gaines, B R (1989) Comparing Conceptual Structures: Consensus, Conflict, Correspondence and Contrast. Knowledge Acquisition, 1 (4), pp. 341–363CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Stumme, G, Maedche, A (2001) Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on the Semantic Web. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 91–99Google Scholar
- 25.Uschold, M, King, M, Moralee, S, Zorgios, Y (1998) The Enterprise Ontology. Knowledge Engineering Review, 13.Google Scholar
- 26.Visser, P R S, Jones, D M, Bench-Capon, T J M, Shave, M J R (1997) An Analysis of Ontology Mismatches; Heterogeneity vs. Interoperability. In AAAI 1997 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering,Stanford, USA.Google Scholar
- 27.Visser, P R S, Tamma, V A M (1999) An Experiment with Ontology-Based Agent Clustering. In IJCAI-99 Workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends,Stockholm, Sweden.Google Scholar
- 28.Wiederhold, G (1992) Mediators in the Architecture of Future Information Systems. IEEE Computer, March.Google Scholar
- 29.Wiederhold, G (1994) An Algebra for Ontology Composition. In Proceedings of 1994 Monterey Workshop on Formal Methods,September.Google Scholar