Ontology Reconciliation

  • Adil Hameed
  • Alun Preece
  • Derek Sleeman
Part of the International Handbooks on Information Systems book series (INFOSYS)

Summary

Ontologies are being applied very successfully in supporting information and knowledge exchange between people and organisations. However, for many reasons, different people and organisations will tend to use different ontologies. Therefore, in order to exchange information and knowledge, either everyone must adopt the same ontology — an unlikely scenario — or it must be possible to reconcile different ontologies. This chapter examines the issues and techniques in the reconciliation of ontologies. First, it examines the reasons why people and organisations will tend to use different ontologies, and why the pervasive adoption of common ontologies is unlikely. It then reviews alternative architectures for multiple-ontology systems on a large scale. A comparative analysis is provided of a number of frameworks which analyse types of mismatches between ontologies. The process of ontology reconciliation is outlined. Finally, some existing software tools that support reconciliation are surveyed, and areas are identified where further work is necessary.

Keywords

Merging Process Source Ontology Alternative Architecture Repertory Grid Technique Common Ontology 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Antoniou, G, Harmelen, Frank van. Web Ontology Language: OWL. This Book.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Corcho, O, Gómez-Pérez, A (2001) Solving Integration Problems of E-Commerce Standards and Initiatives through Ontological Mappings. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 131–140Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Fensel, D (2000) Ontologies: Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce,Springer-VerlagGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Fox, M, Gruninger, M (1998) Enterprise Modelling. AI Magazine, Fall, 109–121Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Gómez-Pérez, A, Moreno, A, Pazos, J, Sierra-Alonso, A (2000) Knowledge Maps: An essential technique for conceptualisation. Data and Knowledge Engineering,33(2), 169190Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Gruber, T R (1993) A Translational Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Acquisition, 5, 199–220CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Hameed, A, Sleeman, D H, Preece, A (2001) Detecting Mismatches in Experts’ Ontologies through Knowledge Elicitation. In Bramer, M, Coenen, F, Preece, A (eds), Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XVIII, Springer-Verlag, pages 9–22Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Hameed, A, Sleeman, D H, Preece, A (2002) OntoManager A Workbench Environment to facilitate Ontology Management and Interoperability. In EON-2002: EKAW-2002 Workshop on Evaluation of Ontology-based Tools Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Huhns, M N, Stephens, L M (1999) Personal Ontologies. IEEE Internet Computing, 3 (2) 85–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Klein, M (2001) Combining and relating ontologies: an analysis of problems and solutions. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 53–62Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Klein, M, Kiryakov, W, Ognyanov, D, Fensel, D (2002) Ontology Versioning and Change Detection on the Web. In 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW02),Sigüenza, SpainGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Lenat, D, Guha, R (1990) Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems, Addison Wesley, ReadingGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    A. Maedche, A, Motik, B, Stojanovic, L, Studer, R, Volz, R (2002) Managing Multiple Ontologies and Ontology Evolution in Ontologging. In Proceedings Conference on Intelligent Information Processing (I1P2002),KluwerGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    McGuinness, D L, Fikes, R, Rice, J, Wilder, S (2000) An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies. In Cohn, A, Giunchiglia, F, and Selman, B (eds), KR2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, pages 483–493Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Meisel H, Compatangelo, E (2002) EER-CONCEPTOOL: a “Reasonable” Environment for Schema and Ontology Sharing. In Proc. of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI2002), IEEE Computer Society Press, pages 527–534Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Miller, G A (1995) WordNet: a Lexical Database for English. Communications of the ACM, 38 (11), 39–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Mitra, P, Kersten, M. Wiederhold, G (2000) Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation of Ontology Interdependencies. In Proceedings of the 7th Int. Conf. on Extending Database Technology,Springer-VerlagGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Noy, N F, Musen, M A (2001) Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for Semantic Matching. In Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing at the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001),Seattle, USAGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Noy, N F, Musen, M A (2000) PROMPT: Algorithm and Tool for Automated Ontology Merging and Alignment. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 63–70Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Pinto, H S, Martins, J P (2001) A Methodology for Ontology Integration. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2001),ACM PressGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Preece, A, Sleeman, D H, Flett, A N, Curry, D, Meaney, N, Perry, P (2001) Better Knowledge Management through Knowledge Engineering. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 14 (1), 2636Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Rosenfeld, L, Morville, P (2002) Information Architecture for the World Wide Web,OReillyGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Shaw, M L G, Gaines, B R (1989) Comparing Conceptual Structures: Consensus, Conflict, Correspondence and Contrast. Knowledge Acquisition, 1 (4), pp. 341–363CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Stumme, G, Maedche, A (2001) Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on the Semantic Web. IJCAI-01 Workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing, pages 91–99Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    Uschold, M, King, M, Moralee, S, Zorgios, Y (1998) The Enterprise Ontology. Knowledge Engineering Review, 13.Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    Visser, P R S, Jones, D M, Bench-Capon, T J M, Shave, M J R (1997) An Analysis of Ontology Mismatches; Heterogeneity vs. Interoperability. In AAAI 1997 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering,Stanford, USA.Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Visser, P R S, Tamma, V A M (1999) An Experiment with Ontology-Based Agent Clustering. In IJCAI-99 Workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods: Lessons Learned and Future Trends,Stockholm, Sweden.Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Wiederhold, G (1992) Mediators in the Architecture of Future Information Systems. IEEE Computer, March.Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Wiederhold, G (1994) An Algebra for Ontology Composition. In Proceedings of 1994 Monterey Workshop on Formal Methods,September.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004

Authors and Affiliations

  • Adil Hameed
    • 1
  • Alun Preece
    • 1
  • Derek Sleeman
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Computing ScienceUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK

Personalised recommendations