Abstract
In order to harmonise its climate and energy policies, the European Commission (EC) has set itself ambitious goals which do not lack determination. In order to counteract the political and economic risks involved in the dependence of the European Union (EU) on energy imports, the EC wishes to start a new industrial revolution. Low-carbon growth is to be accelerated, own energy production dramatically increased and competitiveness maximised. This is to be achieved by increasing the share of renewable energies in total energy consumption by 20% and reducing CO2 emissions by 20%, both by 2020. The EU wishes to be a pioneer and model for sustainable development in the 21st century. Europe’s agreement on precise, legally binding targets symbolises its determination to reconcile climate policy and energy policy. The Commission wishes to shape the Europe of 2050. In the view of the EU, the success of this enterprise will depend not least on how respectfully we treat the world around us. This is set out in the strategy papers of the European Union (European Commission 2007: An Energy Policy for Europe; European Commission 2008a: 20 20 by 2020. Europe’s climate change opportunity).
Keywords
European Union Renewable Energy Clean Development Mechanism Climate Policy Energy PolicyPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Altvater, E. (2005): Das Ende des Kapitalismus wie wir ihn kennen. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot.Google Scholar
- Altvater, E. (2006): The Social and Natural Environment of Fossil Capitalism. In: Panitch, Leo; Leys, Colin (eds.): Socialist Register 2007: Coming to Terms with Nature. London/New York/Halifax: The Merlin Press, pp. 37-71.Google Scholar
- Altvater, E.; Mahnkopf, B. (2007): Konkurrenz für das Empire. Die Zukunft der Europäischen Union in der globalisierten Welt. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot.Google Scholar
- Birol, F. (2008): Interview with Astrid Schneider under the title „Die Sirenen schrillen“. Internationale Politik, April 2008: pp. 34-45.Google Scholar
- Brunnengräber, A. (2006): The political economy of the Kyoto protocol. In: Panitch, Leo; Leys, Colin (eds.): Socialist Register 2007: Coming to Terms with Nature. London/New York/Halifax: The Merlin Press, pp. 213-230.Google Scholar
- Brunnengräber, A. (2007): Energiesicherheit vor Klimaschutz. In: Melber, Henning; Wilß, Cornelia (eds.): G8 Macht Politik: Wie die Welt beherrscht wird. Frankfurt am Main: Brandes & Apsel, pp. 113-123.Google Scholar
- Brunnengräber, A. (2011): Multi Level Climate Governance. In: Knieling, Joerg; Leal Filho, Walter (eds.): Climate Change Governance. Frankfurt: Springer, forthcoming.Google Scholar
- Brunnengräber, A.; Dietz, K.; Hirschl, B.; Walk, H.; Weber, M. (2008): Das Klima neu denken. Eine sozial-ökologische Perspektive auf die lokale, nationale und internationale Klimapolitik. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot.Google Scholar
- European Commission (1997): White Paper: Energy for the future – renewable sources of energy. Brussels: Communication from the Commission, COM(97) 599 final.Google Scholar
- European Commission (2007): An Energy Policy for Europe. Brussels: Communication from the Commission to the European Council and the European Parliament, COM (2007) 1 final.Google Scholar
- European Commission (2008a): 20 20 by 2020. Europe’s climate change opportunity. Brussels: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM(2008)30 final.Google Scholar
- European Commission (2008b): Climate Change and International Security. Brussels: Paper from the High Representative and the European Commission to the European Council, S113/08.Google Scholar
- Fischer, S. (2009): Energie- und Klimapolitik im Vertrag von Lissabon: Legitimierungserweiterung für wachsende Herausforderungen. Integration, No 01/09: pp. 50-62.Google Scholar
- Fritz, T. (2007): Das Grüne Gold. Welthandel mit Bioenergie – Märkte, Macht und Monopole. Berlin: FDCL.Google Scholar
- Geden, O. (2008): Die Energie- und Klimapolitik der EU – zwischen Implementierung und strategischer Neuorientierung. Integration No 04/08: pp. 352-364.Google Scholar
- Geden, O. (2009): Klimasicherheit als Politikansatz der Europäischen Union. Dskussionspapier der FG 1 EU-Integration, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2009/01, SWP Berlin.Google Scholar
- Hallström, N.; Nordberg, O.; Österbergh, R. (2006): Carbon Trading. A critical conversation on climate change, privatisation and power. Uddevalla: Mediaprint.Google Scholar
- IFPRI (2006): Bioenergy and Agriculture: Promises and Challenges. International Food Policy Research Institute. 2020 Focus No 14, November 2006, Washington D.C.Google Scholar
- IFPRI (2010): Global Trade and Environmental Impact Study of the EU Biofuels Mandate. Washington D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute.Google Scholar
- IPCC (2007): Climate Change 2007: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. WG II Contribution to the IPCC Forum Assessment Report. Summary for Policymakers. Available at www.ipcc-wg2.org/index.html, accessed April, 10th 2007.
- Leff, E. (2002): Die Geopolitik nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Ökonomisierung des Klimas, Rationalisierung der Umwelt und die gesellschaftliche Wiederaneignung der Natur. In: Görg, Christoph; Brand, Ulrich (eds.): Mythen globalen Umweltmanagments: “Rio + 10” und die Sackgassen nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, pp. 92-117.Google Scholar
- Pearson, B. (2007): Market failure: why the Clean Development Mechanism won’t promote clean development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15 (2007): pp. 247-252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schüle, R. (ed.) (2008): Grenzenlos Handeln? Emissionsmärkte in der Klima- und Energiepolitik. Munich: oekom.Google Scholar
- Schwartz, P.; Randall, D. (2003): An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and its Implications for United States National Security. Available at http://www.gbn.com/GBNDocumentDisplayServlet.srv?aid=26231&url=%2FUploadDocumentDisplayServlet.srv%3Fid%3D28566, accessed December, 10th 2003.
- Setton, D.; Knirsch, J.; Mittler, D.; Passadakis, A. (2008): WTO – IWF – Weltbank. Die “Unheilige Dreifaltigkeit” in der Krise. Hamburg: VSA-Verlag.Google Scholar
- WBGU (2009): Future Bioenergy and Sustainable Land Use. German Advisory Council on Global Change (Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen), Berlin.Google Scholar
- Ziesing, H.-J. (2010): Wirtschaftskrise beschert Rückgang der weltweiten CO2-Emissionen. Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, No 09/2010.Google Scholar