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Inflammasomes and Autoinflammation

  • Lori BroderickEmail author
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Inflammasomes are large intracellular multi-protein polymeric complexes comprised of sensors, adaptor proteins and caspases. As innate immune sensors capable of recognizing and rapidly responding to pathogen and metabolic danger signals, inflammasomes act as key modulators of initial immune responses. This chapter focuses on the known inflammasome complexes, how they assemble into a molecular platform for caspase-1 activation and ultimately lead to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the context of the innate immune response. A brief discussion of the role for the inflammasomes in disease is included.

Keywords

Inflammasome NLR Interleukin-1 Interleukin 18 Pyrin Caspase-1 ASC 

Abbreviations

AIM2

Absent in melanoma 2

ALR

AIM2-like receptor

ANA

Antinuclear antibody

ASC

Apoptosis related speck-like protein containing CARD

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

Bid

BH3 interacting-domain death agonist

CAPS

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes

CARD

Caspase activation and recruitment domain

CRP

C-reactive protein

DAMP

Damage associated molecular patterns

FADD

Fas-associated death domain

FCAS

Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome

FIIND

Function to find domain

FMF

Familial Mediterranean fever

GTP

Guanosine-5′-triphosphate

GWAS

Genome-wide association study

ICE

Interleukin-1β converting enzyme

IFN

Interferon

IGIF

Interferon-gamma inducing factor

IL

Interleukin

LDL

Low density lipoprotein

LPS

Lipopolysaccharide

LRRs

Leucine-rich-repeats

MAS

Macrophage-activation syndrome

MDP

Muramyl-dipeptide

MSU

Monosodium urate

NAIP

NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein

NASH

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

NBS

Nucleotide binding site

NEK

Nima-related kinase

NF-ĸB

Nuclear factor–ĸB

NLR

NOD-like receptor

NLRC

NLR family CARD domain-containing protein

NOD

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain

NOMID

Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease

PAMP

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PRR

Pattern-recognition receptors

PYD

Pyrin domain

ROS

Reactive oxygen species

SNP

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

TLR

Toll-like receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUSA

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