Advertisement

Low-Power Resistive Bridge Readout Circuit Integrated in Two Millimeter-Scale Pressure-Sensing Systems

  • Sechang Oh
  • Yao Shi
  • Gyouho Kim
  • Yejoong Kim
  • Taewook Kang
  • Seokhyeon Jeong
  • Dennis Sylvester
  • David BlaauwEmail author
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

A duty-cycled bridge-to-digital converter (BDC) for small battery operated pressure sensing systems is presented and demonstrated in two complete microsystems. By heavily duty-cycling an excitation voltage for the bridge sensor, 6000× less excitation power is consumed compared with conventional DC biasing. The excitation voltage is sampled and used to generate an ADC reference voltage to avoid line voltage fluctuation. The BDC achieves 49.2 dB SNR and 2.5 nJ conversion energy with 10.6 pJ/c.s. FOM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Jiang H, Makinwa KAA, Nihtianov S. 9.8 An energy-efficient 3.7nV/√Hz bridge-readout IC with a stable bridge offset compensation scheme. In 2017 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2017, pp. 172–3.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Grezaud R, Sibeud L, Lepin F, Willemin J, Riou JC, Gomez B. A robust and versatile, -40°C to +180°C, 8Sps to 1kSps, multi power source wireless sensor system for aeronautic applications. In 2017 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, 2017, pp. C310–1.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Nguyen TT, Fernandes LAL, Hafliger P. An energy-efficient implantable transponder for biomedical piezo-resistance pressure sensors. IEEE Sens J. 2014;14(6):1836–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Donida A, et al. A circadian and cardiac intraocular pressure sensor for smart implantable lens. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst. 2015;9(6):777–89.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Zang Y, Zhang F, Di C, Zhu D. Advances of flexible pressure sensors toward artificial intelligence and health care applications. Mater Horiz. 2015;2(2):140–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Gubbi J, Buyya R, Marusic S, Palaniswami M. Internet of Things (IoT): a vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Gener Comput Syst. 2013;29(7):1645–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Oh S, et al. A dual-slope capacitance-to-digital converter integrated in an implantable pressure-sensing system. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2015;50(7):1581–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Kim G, et al. A millimeter-scale wireless imaging system with continuous motion detection and energy harvesting. In 2014 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers, 2014, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Blaauw D, et al.. IoT design space challenges: Circuits and systems. In 2014 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI-Technology): Digest of Technical Papers, 2014, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    EnerChip, Cymbet Corporation. [Online]. Available: http://www.cymbet.com/. Accessed: 13-Mar-2018.
  11. 11.
    Maruyama M, Taguchi S, Yamanoue M, Iizuka K. An analog front-end for a multifunction sensor employing a weak-inversion biasing technique with 26 nVrms, 25 aCrms, and 19 fArms input-referred noise. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2016;51(10):2252–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Wu R, Chae Y, Huijsing JH, Makinwa KAA. A 20-b ±40-mV range read-out IC with 50-nV offset and 0.04% gain error for bridge transducers. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2012;47(9):2152–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Jun J, Rhee C, Kim M, Kang J, Kim S. 19.7 A 21.8b sub-100μHz 1/f corner 2.4μV-offset programmable-gain read-out IC for bridge measurement systems. In 2018 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2018.Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Oh S, et al.. 19.6 A 2.5nJ duty-cycled bridge-to-digital converter integrated in a 13mm2 pressure-sensing system. In 2018 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2018.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Bang S, Blaauw D, Sylvester D, Alioto M. Reconfigurable sleep transistor for GIDL reduction in ultra-low standby power systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE 2012 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2012, pp. 1–4.Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Jeong S, et al.. 21.6 A 12nW always-on acoustic sensing and object recognition microsystem using frequency-domain feature extraction and SVM classification. In 2017 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2017, pp. 362–3.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Ginsburg BP, Chandrakasan AP. 500-MS/s 5-bit ADC in 65-nm CMOS with split capacitor array DAC. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2007;42(4):739–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Kuo YS, et al. MBus: A 17.5 pJ/bit/chip portable interconnect bus for millimeter-scale sensor systems with 8 nW standby power. In Proceedings of the IEEE 2014 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2014, pp. 1–4.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Lee Y, et al. A modular 1 mm die-stacked sensing platform with low power I C inter-die communication and multi-modal energy harvesting. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2013;48(1):229–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Ghaed MH, et al. Circuits for a cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Regul Pap. 2013;60(12):3152–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Jung W, et al. An ultra-low power fully integrated energy harvester based on self-oscillating switched-capacitor voltage doubler. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits. 2014;49(12):2800–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Teran AS, et al. AlGaAs photovoltaics for indoor energy harvesting in mm-scale wireless sensor nodes. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2015;62(7):2170–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Jung W, et al. 8.5 A 60%-efficiency 20nW-500μW tri-output fully integrated power management unit with environmental adaptation and load-proportional biasing for IoT systems. In 2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2016, pp. 154–5.Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    C39, TDK Europe – EPCOS. [Online]. Available: https://en.tdk.eu/pressure_sensor_elements. Accessed: 13-Mar-2018.
  25. 25.
    K-Series, Merit Sensor. [Online]. Available: https://meritsensor.com/. Accessed: 13-Mar-2018.
  26. 26.
    Lim W, Jang T, Lee I, Kim H-S, Sylvester D, Blaauw D. A 380pW dual mode optical wake-up receiver with ambient noise cancellation. In 2016 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSI-Circuits), 2016, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • Sechang Oh
    • 1
  • Yao Shi
    • 1
  • Gyouho Kim
    • 1
  • Yejoong Kim
    • 1
  • Taewook Kang
    • 1
  • Seokhyeon Jeong
    • 1
  • Dennis Sylvester
    • 1
  • David Blaauw
    • 1
    Email author
  1. 1.University of MichiganAnn ArborUSA

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter