Abstract
There is a high incidence of recurrent cystitis and complicated urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic bladder. Adequate bladder management can reduce the episodes of recurrent infection and urinary incontinence in neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Inappropriate treatment of urinary tract infection can damage the renal functions due to reflex pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux. The better understanding of functional urology improves the quality of life in patients with neurogenic bladder.
This chapter emphasizes the relevance and impact of infections of the urinary tract in neuro-urology. It provides not only the information of global epidemiological causes, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection but also helpful tools to decrease the incidence of recurrent bladder infections in neuro-urology and to reduce the antimicrobial resistance worldwide.
Advanced microbiological technologies for the detection of responsible infection agents are helpful to minimize urosepsis. The application of sequential organ failure assessment score in intensive care unit reduces the high economic burden on the society while achieving sufficient reduction in morbidity and mortality of patients.
This chapter should be of interest to many different professionals, medical students, medical, surgical residents, as well as consultants in urology and infectious diseases.
Keywords
Recurrent infection Urinary incontinence Neurogenic bladder dysfunction Antimicrobial resistance Nonsurgical bladder management in neuro-urologyAbbreviations
- ACSS
Acute cystitis symptom score
- ACTH
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
- AUC
Acute urinary cystitis
- BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- CA
Catheter associated
- CA-AB
Catheter-associated bacteriuria
- CA-AB
Catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria
- CA-UTI
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
- CAUTI
Community-associated UTI
- CFU
Colony forming unit
- CIC
Clean intermittent catheterization
- DSD
Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
- DSD
Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
- ESBL
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- GAG
Glycosaminoglycan
- HAUTI
Healthcare-associated urinary tract infection
- IC
Indwelling catheter
- IDSA
Infectious Disease Society of America
- IL
Interleukin
- MDR
Multidrug-resistant
- MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- MS
Multiple sclerosis
- NAUTI
Nosocomial urinary tract infections
- NB
Neurogenic bladder
- NDO
Neurogenic detrusor overactivity
- NF-kB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- qSOFA
Quick sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment
- SCI
Spinal cord injury
- S-IgA
Secretory immunoglobulin-A
- SOFA
Sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment
- SPC
Supra pubic catheterization
- TLR
Toll-like receptors
- TMP-SMX
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- TNF
Tumor necrosis factor
- UDS
Urodynamics
- UTI
Urinary tract infection
- VUDS
Video urodynamics
- VUR
Vesicoureteral reflux
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