Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fertility Preservation in the Male Adolescent Patient

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Emerging Topics in Reproduction

  • 506 Accesses

Abstract

Over 15,000 children develop cancer in the United States (US) each year (Ward et al., CA Cancer J Clin 64(2):83–103, 2014), with a 5-year survival rate for childhood cancer being roughly 80% (Robison and Hudson, Nat Rev Cancer 14(1):61–70, 2014). This extrapolates to over 385,000 childhood cancer survivors living in the United States (Phillips et al., Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 24(4):653–663, 2015). With a growing number of childhood cancer survivors, oncologic counseling has seen a shift in focus from concentrating solely on short- and long-term survival benefits of treatment regimens to survivorship and long-term effects of treatments. With this shifting paradigm, short- and long-term gonadotoxic effects of cancer treatment have become a major concern for clinicians treating and patients diagnosed with malignancies. Because of this, fertility preservation (FP) among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients has become a significant area of interest and research.

In this chapter, we will discuss FP management options, outcomes, and expectations in the AYA patient population. Questions that will be addressed include barriers to FP, attitudes and perspectives of cancer survivors, short- and long-term effects of cancer treatment on spermatogenesis, quality of sperm in the setting of localized or systemic malignancies, optimal timing for FP, conventional and experimental options for FP, and utilization of sperm banked.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ward E, DeSantis C, Robbins A, Kohler B, Jemal A. Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014;64(2):83–103. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Robison LL, Hudson MM. Survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: life-long risks and responsibilities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014;14(1):61–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3634.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Phillips SM, Padgett LS, Leisenring WM, Stratton KK, Bishop K, Krull KR, Alfano CM, Gibson TM, de Moor JS, Hartigan DB, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Rowland JH, Oeffinger KC, Mariotto AB. Survivors of childhood cancer in the United States: prevalence and burden of morbidity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2015;24(4):653–63. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN, Brennan L, Magdalinski AJ, Partridge AH, Quinn G, Wallace WH, Oktay K, American Society of Clinical Oncology. Fertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(19):2500–10. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.49.2678.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Ethics Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility preservation and reproduction in patients facing gonadotoxic therapies: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(5):1224–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Botchan A, Karpol S, Lehavi O, Paz G, Kleiman SE, Yogev L, Yavetz H, Hauser R. Preservation of sperm of cancer patients: extent of use and pregnancy outcome in a tertiary infertility center. Asian J Androl. 2013;15(3):382–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/aja.2013.3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Moss JL, Choi AW, Fitzgerald Keeter MK, Brannigan RE. Male adolescent fertility preservation. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(2):267–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Munoz M, Santaballa A, Segui MA, Beato C, de la Cruz S, Espinosa J, Fonseca PJ, Perez J, Quintanar T, Blasco A. SEOM clinical guideline of fertility preservation and reproduction in cancer patients (2016). Clin Transl Oncol. 2016;18(12):1229–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-016-1587-9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lewin J, Ma JMZ, Mitchell L, Tam S, Puri N, Stephens D, Srikanthan A, Bedard P, Razak A, Crump M, Warr D, Giuliani M, Gupta A. The positive effect of a dedicated adolescent and young adult fertility program on the rates of documentation of therapy-associated infertility risk and fertility preservation options. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(6):1915–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3597-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Stein DM, Victorson DE, Choy JT, Waimey KE, Pearman TP, Smith K, Dreyfuss J, Kinahan KE, Sadhwani D, Woodruff TK, Brannigan RE. Fertility preservation preferences and perspectives among adult male survivors of pediatric cancer and their parents. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2014;3(2):75–82. https://doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2014.0007.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Zavras N, Siristatidis C, Siatelis A, Koumarianou A. Fertility risk assessment and preservation in male and female prepubertal and adolescent cancer patients. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 2016;10:49–57. https://doi.org/10.4137/CMO.S32811.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Stinson JN, Jibb LA, Greenberg M, Barrera M, Luca S, White ME, Gupta A. A qualitative study of the impact of cancer on romantic relationships, sexual relationships, and fertility: perspectives of Canadian adolescents and parents during and after treatment. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2015;4(2):84–90. https://doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2014.0036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Diesch T, Rovo A, von der Weid N, Faraci M, Pillon M, Dalissier A, Dalle JH, Bader P. Fertility preservation practices in pediatric and adolescent cancer patients undergoing HSCT in Europe: a population-based survey. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2017;52(7):1022–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Fuchs A, Kashanian JA, Clayman ML, Gosiengfiao Y, Lockart B, Woodruff TK, Brannigan RE. Pediatric oncology providers’ attitudes and practice patterns regarding fertility preservation in adolescent male cancer patients. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2016;38(2):118–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0000000000000488.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Nahata L, Ziniel SI, Garvey KC, Yu RN, Cohen LE. Fertility and sexual function: a gap in training in pediatric endocrinology. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2017;30(1):3–10. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2016-0044.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Panagiotopoulou N, van Delft FW, Hale JP, Stewart JA. Fertility preservation care for children and adolescents with cancer: an inquiry to quantify professionals’ barriers. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2017;6(3):422–8. https://doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2016.0087.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Diesch T, von der Weid NX, Szinnai G, Schaedelin S, De Geyter C, Rovo A, Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group SPOG. Fertility preservation in pediatric and adolescent cancer patients in Switzerland: a qualitative cross-sectional survey. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;44:141–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2016.08.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Goodwin T, Elizabeth Oosterhuis B, Kiernan M, Hudson MM, Dahl GV. Attitudes and practices of pediatric oncology providers regarding fertility issues. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48(1):80–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.20814.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. DiNofia AM, Wang X, Yannekis G, Ogle S, Hobbie WL, Carlson CA, Ginsberg JP. Analysis of semen parameters in a young cohort of cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017;64(2):381–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26221.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Vadaparampil ST, Gwede CK, Meade C, Kelvin J, Reich RR, Reinecke J, Bowman M, Sehovic I, Quinn GP, ENRICH Research Group. ENRICH: a promising oncology nurse training program to implement ASCO clinical practice guidelines on fertility for AYA cancer patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99(11):1907–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.05.013.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Tam S, Puri N, Stephens D, Mitchell L, Giuliani M, Papadakos J, Gupta AA. Improving access to standardized fertility preservation information for older adolescents and young adults with cancer: using a user-centered approach with young adult patients, survivors, and partners to refine fertility knowledge transfer. J Cancer Educ. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-016-1108-0.

  22. Li N, Jayasinghe Y, Kemertzis MA, Moore P, Peate M. Fertility preservation in pediatric and adolescent oncology patients: the decision-making process of parents. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. 2017;6(2):213–22. https://doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2016.0061.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Taylor JF, Ott MA. Fertility preservation after a cancer diagnosis: a systematic review of adolescents’, parents’, and providers’ perspectives, experiences, and preferences. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016;29(6):585–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2016.04.005.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Ellis SJ, Wakefield CE, McLoone JK, Robertson EG, Cohn RJ. Fertility concerns among child and adolescent cancer survivors and their parents: a qualitative analysis. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2016;34(5):347–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2016.1196806.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Klosky JL, Anderson LE, Russell KM, Huang L, Zhang H, Schover LR, Simmons JL, Kutteh WH. Provider influences on sperm banking outcomes among adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer. J Adolesc Health. 2017;60(3):277–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Johnson MD, Cooper AR, Jungheim ES, Lanzendorf SE, Odem RR, Ratts VS. Sperm banking for fertility preservation: a 20-year experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;170(1):177–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.06.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bizet P, Saias-Magnan J, Jouve E, Grillo JM, Karsenty G, Metzler-Guillemain C, Perrin J. Sperm cryopreservation before cancer treatment: a 15-year monocentric experience. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012;24(3):321–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.11.015.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pereira ML, Garcia e Costa F. The blood-testis barrier as a target of some chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapy. 2007;53(6):446–8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000110017.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Masliukaite I, Hagen JM, Jahnukainen K, Stukenborg JB, Repping S, van der Veen F, van Wely M, van Pelt AM. Establishing reference values for age-related spermatogonial quantity in prepubertal human testes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2016;106(7):1652–7. e1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Smit M, van Casteren NJ, Wildhagen MF, Romijn JC, Dohle GR. Sperm DNA integrity in cancer patients before and after cytotoxic treatment. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(8):1877–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gandini L, Lombardo F, Salacone P, Paoli D, Anselmo AP, Culasso F, Dondero F, Lenzi A. Testicular cancer and Hodgkin’s disease: evaluation of semen quality. Hum Reprod. 2003;18(4):796–801.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Said TM, Tellez S, Evenson DP, Del Valle AP. Assessment of sperm quality, DNA integrity and cryopreservation protocols in men diagnosed with testicular and systemic malignancies. Andrologia. 2009;41(6):377–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00941.x.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hallak J, Kolettis PN, Sekhon VS, Thomas AJ Jr, Agarwal A. Sperm cryopreservation in patients with testicular cancer. Urology. 1999;54(5):894–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Girasole CR, Cookson MS, Smith JA Jr, Ivey BS, Roth BJ, Chang SS. Sperm banking: use and outcomes in patients treated for testicular cancer. BJU Int. 2007;99(1):33–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06537.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Pacey A, Merrick H, Arden-Close E, Morris K, Rowe R, Stark D, Eiser C. Implications of sperm banking for health-related quality of life up to 1 year after cancer diagnosis. Br J Cancer. 2013;108(5):1004–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.57.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Navarro Medina P, Barroso Deyne E, Castillo Suarez M, Blanco Diez A, Lozano M, Artiles Hernandez JL, Chesa Ponce N. An analysis of our experience in cryopreservation of semen from cancer patients. Actas Urol Esp. 2010;34(1):101–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Ragni G, Somigliana E, Restelli L, Salvi R, Arnoldi M, Paffoni A. Sperm banking and rate of assisted reproduction treatment: insights from a 15-year cryopreservation program for male cancer patients. Cancer. 2003;97(7):1624–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ferrari S, Paffoni A, Filippi F, Busnelli A, Vegetti W, Somigliana E. Sperm cryopreservation and reproductive outcome in male cancer patients: a systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online. 2016;33(1):29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.04.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Choi BB, Goldstein M, Moomjy M, Palermo G, Rosenwaks Z, Schlegel PN. Births using sperm retrieved via immediate microdissection of a solitary testis with cancer. Fertil Steril. 2005;84(5):1508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.06.020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Bujan L, Walschaerts M, Moinard N, Hennebicq S, Saias J, Brugnon F, Auger J, Berthaut I, Szerman E, Daudin M, Rives N. Impact of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for testicular germ cell tumors on spermatogenesis and sperm DNA: a multicenter prospective study from the CECOS network. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(3):673–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.018.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. van Casteren NJ, Boellaard WP, Romijn JC, Dohle GR. Gonadal dysfunction in male cancer patients before cytotoxic treatment. Int J Androl. 2010;33(1):73–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.00956.x.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Crha I, Ventruba P, Zakova J, Huser M, Kubesova B, Hudecek R, Jarkovsky J. Survival and infertility treatment in male cancer patients after sperm banking. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(6):2344–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.053.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Molnar Z, Benyo M, Bazsane Kassai Z, Levai I, Varga A, Jakab A. Influence of malignant tumors occurring in the reproductive age on spermiogenesis: studies on patients with testicular tumor and lymphoma. Orv Hetil. 2014;155(33):1306–11. https://doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29951.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zakova J, Lousova E, Ventruba P, Crha I, Pochopova H, Vinklarkova J, Tesarova E, Nussir M. Sperm cryopreservation before testicular cancer treatment and its subsequent utilization for the treatment of infertility. Sci World J. 2014;2014:575978. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/575978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Hoei-Hansen CE, Holm M, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE. Histological evidence of testicular dysgenesis in contralateral biopsies from 218 patients with testicular germ cell cancer. J Pathol. 2003;200(3):370–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1372.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Rives N, Perdrix A, Hennebicq S, Saias-Magnan J, Melin MC, Berthaut I, Barthelemy C, Daudin M, Szerman E, Bresson JL, Brugnon F, Bujan L. The semen quality of 1158 men with testicular cancer at the time of cryopreservation: results of the French national CECOS network. J Androl. 2012;33(6):1394–401. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.112.016592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Puhse G, Secker A, Kemper S, Hertle L, Kliesch S. Testosterone deficiency in testicular germ-cell cancer patients is not influenced by oncological treatment. Int J Androl. 2011;34(5 Pt 2):e351–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01123.x.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Lackner JE, Koller A, Schatzl G, Marberger M, Kratzik C. Androgen deficiency symptoms in testicular cancer survivors are associated with sexual problems but not with serum testosterone or therapy. Urology. 2009;74(4):825–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2009.03.051.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. O'Carrigan B, Fournier M, Olver IN, Stockler MR, Whitford H, Toner GC, Thomson DB, Davis ID, Hanning F, Singhal N, Underhill C, Clingan P, McDonald A, Boland A, Grimison P. Testosterone deficiency and quality of life in Australasian testicular cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study. Intern Med J. 2014;44(8):813–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sprauten M, Brydoy M, Haugnes HS, Cvancarova M, Bjoro T, Bjerner J, Fossa SD, Oldenburg J. Longitudinal serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in a population-based sample of long-term testicular cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(6):571–8. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.51.2715.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Wasilewski-Masker K, Seidel KD, Leisenring W, Mertens AC, Shnorhavorian M, Ritenour CW, Stovall M, Green DM, Sklar CA, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Meacham LR. Male infertility in long-term survivors of pediatric cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Cancer Surviv. 2014;8(3):437–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-014-0354-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Green DM, Liu W, Kutteh WH, Ke RW, Shelton KC, Sklar CA, Chemaitilly W, Pui CH, Klosky JL, Spunt SL, Metzger ML, Srivastava D, Ness KK, Robison LL, Hudson MM. Cumulative alkylating agent exposure and semen parameters in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude lifetime cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(11):1215–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70408-5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Howell SJ, Shalet SM. Testicular function following chemotherapy. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7(4):363–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. De Mas P, Daudin M, Vincent MC, Bourrouillou G, Calvas P, Mieusset R, Bujan L. Increased aneuploidy in spermatozoa from testicular tumour patients after chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(6):1204–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Stahl O, Eberhard J, Jepson K, Spano M, Cwikiel M, Cavallin-Stahl E, Giwercman A. Sperm DNA integrity in testicular cancer patients. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(12):3199–205. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Tempest HG, Ko E, Chan P, Robaire B, Rademaker A, Martin RH. Sperm aneuploidy frequencies analysed before and after chemotherapy in testicular cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(2):251–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Paoli D, Gallo M, Rizzo F, Spano M, Leter G, Lombardo F, Lenzi A, Gandini L. Testicular cancer and sperm DNA damage: short- and long-term effects of antineoplastic treatment. Andrology. 2014;3(1):122–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00250.x.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Stahl O, Eberhard J, Jepson K, Spano M, Cwikiel M, Cavallin-Stahl E, Giwercman A. The impact of testicular carcinoma and its treatment on sperm DNA integrity. Cancer. 2004;100(6):1137–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20068.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ribeiro TM, Bertolla RP, Spaine DM, Fraietta R, Ortiz V, Cedenho AP. Sperm nuclear apoptotic DNA fragmentation in men with testicular cancer. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5):1782–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Thomson AB, Campbell AJ, Irvine DC, Anderson RA, Kelnar CJ, Wallace WH. Semen quality and spermatozoal DNA integrity in survivors of childhood cancer: a case-control study. Lancet. 2002;360(9330):361–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Meistrich ML. Effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on spermatogenesis in humans. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(5):1180–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.010.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Centola GM, Keller JW, Henzler M, Rubin P. Effect of low-dose testicular irradiation on sperm count and fertility in patients with testicular seminoma. J Androl. 1994;15(6):608–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Rowley MJ, Leach DR, Warner GA, Heller CG. Effect of graded doses of ionizing radiation on the human testis. Radiat Res. 1974;59(3):665–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Anserini P, Chiodi S, Spinelli S, Costa M, Conte N, Copello F, Bacigalupo A. Semen analysis following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Additional data for evidence-based counselling. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002;30(7):447–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1703651.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Bang AK, Petersen JH, Petersen PM, Andersson AM, Daugaard G, Jorgensen N. Testosterone production is better preserved after 16 than 20 gray irradiation treatment against testicular carcinoma in situ cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;75(3):672–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.11.057.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Brenner J, Vugrin D, Whitmore WF Jr. Effect of treatment on fertility and sexual function in males with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of testis. Am J Clin Oncol. 1985;8(2):178–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Fossa SD, Ous S, Abyholm T, Loeb M. Post-treatment fertility in patients with testicular cancer. I. Influence of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection on ejaculatory potency. Br J Urol. 1985;57(2):204–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Fritz K, Weissbach L. Sperm parameters and ejaculation before and after operative treatment of patients with germ-cell testicular cancer. Fertil Steril. 1985;43(3):451–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Beck SD, Bey AL, Bihrle R, Foster RS. Ejaculatory status and fertility rates after primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. J Urol. 2010;184(5):2078–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.06.146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Heidenreich A, Albers P, Hartmann M, Kliesch S, Kohrmann KU, Krege S, Lossin P, Weissbach L. Complications of primary nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: experience of the German testicular cancer study group. J Urol. 2003;169(5):1710–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000060960.18092.54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Steiner H, Peschel R, Janetschek G, Holtl L, Berger AP, Bartsch G, Hobisch A. Long-term results of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: a single-center 10-year experience. Urology. 2004;63(3):550–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2003.09.067.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Pettus JA, Carver BS, Masterson T, Stasi J, Sheinfeld J. Preservation of ejaculation in patients undergoing nerve-sparing postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer. Urology. 2009;73(2):328–31. discussion 331–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Hsiao W, Deveci S, Mulhall JP. Outcomes of the management of post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection-associated anejaculation. BJU Int. 2012;110(8):1196–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10852.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Hermo L, Pelletier RM, Cyr DG, Smith CE. Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 1: background to spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes. Microsc Res Tech. 2010;73(4):241–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Berookhim BM, Mulhall JP. Outcomes of operative sperm retrieval strategies for fertility preservation among males scheduled to undergo cancer treatment. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(3):805–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.11.122.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Choy JT, Wiser HJ, Bell SW, Cashy J, Brannigan RE, Kohler TS. Predictors of spermatogenesis in orchiectomy specimens. Urology. 2013;81(2):288–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.038.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Descombe L, Chauleur C, Gentil-Perret A, Aknin-Seifer I, Tostain J, Levy R. Testicular sperm extraction in a single cancerous testicle in patients with azoospermia: a case report. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(2):443.e441–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Furuhashi K, Ishikawa T, Hashimoto H, Yamada S, Ogata S, Mizusawa Y, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto E, Kokeguchi S, Shiotani M. Onco-testicular sperm extraction: testicular sperm extraction in azoospermic and very severely oligozoospermic cancer patients. Andrologia. 2013;45(2):107–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01319.x.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Haddad N, Al-Rabeeah K, Onerheim R, Zini A. Is ex vivo microdissection testicular sperm extraction indicated for infertile men undergoing radical orchiectomy for testicular cancer? Case report and literature review. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(4):956–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.12.052.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Ho C, Zacharin M. Fertility preservation in an adolescent boy: inducing puberty and spermatogenesis prior to elective, non-urgent bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2017;52(5):792–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2017.6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Rohayem J, Hauffa BP, Zacharin M, Kliesch S, Zitzmann M. Testicular growth and spermatogenesis: new goals for pubertal hormone replacement in boys with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism? A multicentre prospective study of hCG/rFSH treatment outcomes during adolescence. Clin Endocrinol. 2017;86(1):75–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Onofre J, Baert Y, Faes K, Goossens E. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue or testicular cell suspensions: a pivotal step in fertility preservation. Hum Reprod Update. 2016;22(6):744–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmw029.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Goossens E, Frederickx V, Geens M, De Block G, Tournaye H. Cryosurvival and spermatogenesis after allografting prepubertal mouse tissue: comparison of two cryopreservation protocols. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(3):725–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.044.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Watson PF. Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function. Reprod Fertil Dev. 1995;7(4):871. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD9950871.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Vermeulen M, Poels J, de Michele F, des Rieux A, Wyns C. Restoring fertility with cryopreserved Prepubertal testicular tissue: perspectives with hydrogel encapsulation, nanotechnology, and bioengineered scaffolds. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017;45(7):1770–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-017-1789-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Yango P, Altman E, Smith JF, Klatsky PC, Tran ND. Optimizing cryopreservation of human spermatogonial stem cells: comparing the effectiveness of testicular tissue and single cell suspension cryopreservation. Fertil Steril. 2014;102(5):1491–1498.e1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1250.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Gouk SS, Loh YFJ, Kumar SD, Watson PF, Kuleshova LL. Cryopreservation of mouse testicular tissue: prospect for harvesting spermatogonial stem cells for fertility preservation. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(7):2399–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.035.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Honaramooz A, Snedaker A, Boiani M, Schöler H, Dobrinski I, Schlatt S. Sperm from neonatal mammalian testes grafted in mice. Nature. 2002;418(6899):778–81. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00918.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Jahnukainen K, Ehmcke J, Nurmio M, Schlatt S. Autologous ectopic grafting of cryopreserved testicular tissue preserves the fertility of prepubescent monkeys that receive sterilizing cytotoxic therapy. Cancer Res. 2012;72(20):5174–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1317.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Nakai M, Kaneko H, Somfai T, Maedomari N, Ozawa M, Noguchi J, Ito J, Kashiwazaki N, Kikuchi K. Production of viable piglets for the first time using sperm derived from ectopic testicular xenografts. Reproduction. 2010;139(2):331–5. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-09-0509.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Schlatt S, Honaramooz A, Boiani M, Schöler HR, Dobrinski I. Progeny from sperm obtained after ectopic grafting of neonatal mouse testes. Biol Reprod. 2003;68(6):2331–5. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.014894.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Goossens E, Geens M, De Block G, Tournaye H. Spermatogonial survival in long-term human prepubertal xenografts. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5):2019–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.044.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Wyns C, Van Langendonckt A, Wese F-X, Donnez J, Curaba M. Long-term spermatogonial survival in cryopreserved and xenografted immature human testicular tissue. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(11):2402–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den272.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Kimsa MC, Strzalka-Mrozik B, Kimsa MW, Gola J, Nicholson P, Lopata K, Mazurek U. Porcine endogenous retroviruses in xenotransplantation—molecular aspects. Virus. 2014;6(5):2062–83. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6052062.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Gassei K, Orwig KE. Experimental methods to preserve male fertility and treat male factor infertility. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(2):256–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Zhang R, Sun J, Zou K. Advances in isolation methods for spermatogonial stem cells. Stem Cell Rev. 2016;12(1):15–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-015-9632-6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Sadri-Ardekani H, Homburg CH, van Capel TMM, van den Berg H, van der Veen F, van der Schoot CE, van Pelt AMM, Repping S. Eliminating acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells from human testicular cell cultures: a pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(4):1072–1078.e1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Dovey SL, Valli H, Hermann BP, Sukhwani M, Donohue J, Castro CA, Chu T, Sanfilippo JS, Orwig KE. Eliminating malignant contamination from therapeutic human spermatogonial stem cells. J. Clin Investig. 2013;123(4):1833–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Langenstroth D, Kossack N, Westernströer B, Wistuba J, Behr R, Gromoll J, Schlatt S. Separation of somatic and germ cells is required to establish primate spermatogonial cultures. Hum Reprod. 2014;29(9):2018–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deu157.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Sadri-Ardekani H, Mizrak SC, van Daalen SKM, Korver CM, Roepers-Gajadien HL, Koruji M, Hovingh S, de Reijke TM, de la Rosette JJMCH, van der Veen F, de Rooij DG, Repping S, van Pelt AMM. Propagation of human spermatogonial stem cells in vitro. JAMA. 2009;302(19):2127–34. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1689.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Giudice MG, de Michele F, Poels J, Vermeulen M, Wyns C. Update on fertility restoration from prepubertal spermatogonial stem cells: how far are we from clinical practice? Stem Cell Res. 2017;21:171–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Sato T, Katagiri K, Gohbara A, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, Ogura A, Kubota Y, Ogawa T. In vitro production of functional sperm in cultured neonatal mouse testes. Nature. 2011;471(7339):504–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09850.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Fattahi A, Latifi Z, Ghasemnejad T, Nejabati HR, Nouri M. Insights into in vitro spermatogenesis in mammals: past, present, future. Mol Reprod Dev. 2017;84(7):560–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.22819.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Honaramooz A, Megee SO, Rathi R, Dobrinski I. Building a testis: formation of functional testis tissue after transplantation of isolated porcine (Sus scrofa) testis cells. Biol Reprod. 2007;76(1):43–7. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.106.054999.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Gassei K, Schlatt S, Ehmcke J. De novo morphogenesis of seminiferous tubules from dissociated immature rat testicular cells in xenografts. J Androl. 2006;27(4):611–8. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.05207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Baert Y, De Kock J, Alves-Lopes JP, Söder O, Stukenborg J-B, Goossens E. Primary human testicular cells self-organize into organoids with testicular properties. Stem Cell Rep. 2017;8(1):30–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.11.012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Ron Golan MD & James A. Kashanian MD

Authors
  1. Ron Golan MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. James A. Kashanian MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James A. Kashanian MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Andrology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

    Douglas T. Carrell

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Catherine Racowsky

  3. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

    Peter N. Schlegel

  4. NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Alan H. DeCherney

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Golan, R., Kashanian, J.A. (2018). Fertility Preservation in the Male Adolescent Patient. In: Carrell, D., Racowsky, C., Schlegel, P., DeCherney, A. (eds) Emerging Topics in Reproduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90823-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90823-6_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90822-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90823-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation